| 1. |
- Becheleni, Emily Mayer Andrade, et al.
(författare)
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Removal of mineral scaling precursors from electrodialysis concentrate by alkaline precipitation
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environment and Waste Management. - : Inderscience Publishers. - 1478-9876 .- 1478-9868. ; 31:1, s. 19-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evaporative crystallisation has been used to recover water for industrial reuse but it presents serious problems related to incrustation. In this perspective, alkaline precipitation is studied in the present work, aiming to remove scale-forming salts prior to evaporative crystallisation of a reverse electrodialysis concentrate (EDC). The concentration of inorganic species in the feed and filtrate streams were determined by ICP-OES. The total organic carbon and inorganic carbon were analysed by thermo-catalytic oxidation with high temperature to assess the removal of organic compounds from EDC. The software PHREEQC was used to model the systems and a comparison with experimental results confirmed the credibility of the experiments. The technique proved to be a favourable method for removal of almost 100% of Ca and Mg by adding 0.04 wt. % of caustic soda. Furthermore, this would improve the downstream evaporative crystallisation efficiency due to reduced incrustation potential.
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| 2. |
- Håkansson, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of metal ions and metal–chelate complexes in water with biologically produced H2S
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environment and Waste Management. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1478-9876 .- 1478-9868. ; 9:3/4, s. 330-346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The possibility to precipitate Pb and Cu as metal sulphides has been investigated. The metals are present as metal chelates, a situation that will appear after soil washing for remediation of polluted soil. Sulphide for the precipitation step is obtained via a bioreactor containing Sulphate-Reducing Bacteria (SRB). The effects on the precipitation process for copper and lead were studied in the presence of four different chelating substances (EDTA, NTA, CDTA, DTPA), with a precipitation of more than 98% for both Pb2+ and Cu2+. The results clearly indicate that chelate washing and the subsequent precipitation is a viable technology.
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| 3. |
- Ibrahim, Muhammad Asim, et al.
(författare)
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Perception of fire-risk at temporary storage sites of organic materials, waste fuels and recyclables
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environment and Waste Management. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1478-9876 .- 1478-9868. ; :2, s. 165-180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The risk of fires at municipal solid waste (MSW) storage sites is of great concern because such fires not only result in material losses worth millions of Euros annually but also have deleterious effects on both human health and the environment. Keeping in view that management decisions addressing risk of fires cannot be divorced from human psychology regarding safety, a questionnaire survey was designed for which 187 respondents gave a response rate of 33%. Survey results showed that three types of biases; optimism, attribution and availability bias, prevail among managers of waste management companies. Furthermore, biased respondents had experienced higher frequency of fire incidents and preferred low cost risk averting technologies. It is concluded that there is a need to acknowledge the existence of biases and to improve the decision making skills of managers with the help of risk awareness programmes and implementation of government steering tools to reduce risk of spontaneous fires.
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| 4. |
- Kängsepp, Pille, et al.
(författare)
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Column studies aiming at identification of suitable filter materials for pollutant removal from landfill leachate
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environment and Waste Management. - 1478-9876 .- 1478-9868. ; 2:6, s. 506-525
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Landfill leachate contains a complex mixture of inorganic and organic pollutants, which need to be removed before they pollute the environment. Different filter media (peat mixed with either carbon-containing ash, polyurethane waste, or wood pellets) were investigated with respect to their possibility to simultaneously and at low initial concentrations remove metals, polar and non-polar organic compounds. The mixture of peat and carbon-containing ash was found to be the best medium. Reduction in leachate of phenolic substances was 96%, of PBDEs was over 98%, of DOC 40% and of important metals as Cu, Pb and Sn 60%, 90% and 93%, respectively.
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| 5. |
- Kängsepp, Pille, et al.
(författare)
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Column studies aiming at identification of suitable filter materials for pollutant removal from landfill leachate
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environment and Waste Management. - : Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.. - 1478-9876 .- 1478-9868. ; 2:6, s. 506-525
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Landfill leachate contains a complex mixture of inorganic and organic pollutants, which need to be removed before they pollute the environment. Different filter media (peat mixed with either carbon-containing ash, polyurethane waste, or wood pellets) were investigated with respect to their possibility to simultaneously and at low initial concentrations remove metals, polar and non-polar organic compounds. The mixture of peat and carbon-containing ash was found to be the best medium. Reduction in leachate of phenolic substances was 96%, of PBDEs was over 98%, of DOC 40% and of important metals as Cu, Pb and Sn 60%, 90% and 93%, respectively.
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| 6. |
- Melin, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Value stream mapping for sustainable change at a Swedish dairy farm
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environment and Waste Management. - Olney : InderScience Publishers. - 1478-9876 .- 1478-9868. ; 25:1, s. 130-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This case study increases our understanding of Lean implementation in which value stream mapping (VSM) is used to create an action plan at a small dairy and cattle farm in southwest Sweden. The researchers, the farmer-owner, and farm employees followed a step-by-step approach that resulted in ideas for operational improvements for the dairy activity. Data were collected in interviews with the farmer/owner, researcher participation in workshops, and researcher observations. The results reveal that VSM is an effective way to create a culture of collaboration among the farm staff and to better define their roles and responsibilities as well as improve routines, communications, and task completion. In the two-to-three year period following the VSM project, specific improvements were observed in milk production/quality and animal health. The results also reveal that while Lean principles are relevant given the repetitive nature of agriculture routines and tasks, the VSM element of lead-time reduction is less relevant owing to the unique value adding biological processes in the agriculture sector. © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Inderscience Publishers Ltd.
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| 7. |
- Aljaradin, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Numerical evaluation of different landfill daily cover in semiarid areas – Jordan
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environment and Waste Management. - 1478-9868. ; 16:2, s. 95-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Efficient and suitable daily landfill cover is considered the most important aspect for minimising the negative impact of landfills on the local environment and population, especially in arid and semiarid countries. In this study, numerical model, HYDRUS-2D/3D, was used to investigate the impact of landfill cover type, cover thickness and antecedent water content on the quantity and the rate of contaminant percolation through the Mafraq landfill in Jordan during a 30-year simulation period. Four different cover types (sandy loam, clay loam, silt and clay), three cover thicknesses (0, 50, 100 cm) and two antecedent soil water content values (θi = 0.12 and 0.20 m3m−3) were simulated. Initial chloride concentration of 665 mg/l which is equal to the measured concentration in Mafraq landfill leachate was used during simulation. Simulation results showed that maximum chloride concentration for different scenarios at all locations within the soil profile during the entire simulation period was less than the chloride concentration in the municipal solid waste (MSW) leachate. In addition, as the landfill cover thickness increases, the concentration of chloride at a certain location decreases. Meanwhile, the time required to reach this location increases. The simulation results also showed that the effect of θi on chloride concentration reduction increases as the cover thickness increases. A cover thickness of 50 cm is suitable in case of low θi.
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| 8. |
- Alvarez, Maria Teresa, et al.
(författare)
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Lab-scale production of biogenic sulphide for metal precipitation in remote areas
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environment and Waste Management. - 1478-9876. ; 9:3-4, s. 313-329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Batch cultures with wheat straw, biomass of Paja Brava (Festuca orthophylla), filter paper, newspaper and beech leaves (Fagus sylvatica) were established to produce sulphide. Sulphide production, sulphate reduction, concentration of Volatile Fatty Acids (VFAs), enzyme activities and Fluorescence in situ hybridisation were determined. Approximately 5 mM of sulphide was produced during anaerobic digestion of wheat straw, while the production with newspaper as carbon source was the lowest (ca.1 mM). The sulphide production (2-5 mM) in the semi-continuous culture of the consortium A10, using wheat straw supported Cu(II), Pb (II) and Zn (II) removal up to 90%.
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| 9. |
- Polzer, Veronica R., et al.
(författare)
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The importance of extended producer responsibility and the national policy of solid waste in Brazil
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environment and Waste Management. - 1478-9876. ; 18:2, s. 101-119
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an overview of the current situation of the reverse logistics schemes in Brazil and the importance of the National Policy of Solid Waste enacted in 2010, the main regulatory milestone in the country. In addition, the work intends to comprehend extended producer responsibility (EPR) in Europe as an environmental principle, the representative directives related to this issue, the targets, the economic incentives and their consequences. Assuredly, Brazilian cities can use the European EPR schemes as parameters to set up the guidelines in short and long terms. This article leads to the conclusion that the EPR regulation and economic instruments can promote diverting of waste from landfills to reusing, recycling and recovering treatments. The recommendations of this study are to introduce the possibility of a circular economy in Brazil modelled on the European EPR concept, through public policies and economic instruments in order to upgrade the waste hierarchy.
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