| 1. |
- Anisimov, Sergey V., et al.
(författare)
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Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells : A future therapy for Parkinson's disease?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Future Neurology. - : Future Medicine Ltd. - 1479-6708 .- 1748-6971. ; 9:4, s. 475-486
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common, progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with a loss of dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta and a lack of dopamine in the striatum. To halt or reverse this disease, neurorestorative approaches or neuroprotective treatments are urgently needed. Recently, the first clinical trials transplanting mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been performed in PD. MSCs are adult stem cells abundant in several tissues, such as the umbilical cord, the bone marrow, the adipose tissue and other tissues. These cells are multipotent, and able to synthesize and secrete a wide spectrum of biologically active factors. MSCs of various origins have been explored as possible substrates for cell therapy in PD animal models. In this review, we summarize MSC-based experimental transplantation studies in PD, and discuss biological mechanisms that may explain the effects of MSC seen in PD models. Furthermore, we critically evaluate the recent clinical transplantation trials using MSCs in patients with PD.
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| 2. |
- Nandedkar, Sanjeev D., et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative measurements and analysis in electrodiagnostic studies : present and future
- 2008
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Ingår i: Future neurology. - : Future Medicine Ltd. - 1748-6971 .- 1479-6708. ; 3:6, s. 745-764
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electrodiagnostic studies (nerve conduction and needle electromyography) are powerful methods to study diseases of nerves and muscles. Conduction studies are performed to assess the continuity, anatomic course, excitability, number of axons and their synaptic connections, while needle electromyography examination is performed to assess the ‘electrical stability’ of the muscle fiber membrane, and the study of motor units (architecture, activation and number). We have reviewed the relationship between the quantitative measurements and the generators of the recorded potentials. Based on these relationships, the expected patterns of abnormalities for different pathologies are tabulated. This gives us a better appreciation of the sensitivity, specificity and usefulness of different tests when planning and conducting an electrodiagnostic examination. The limitations of current methods are indicated to suggest the need for future development.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Mattsson, Claes, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Design of a Micromachined Thermopile Infrared Sensor with a Self-Supported SiO2/SU-8 Membrane
- 2008
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Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - Piscataway, USA : IEEE. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 8:12, s. 2044-2052
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the infrared region of the spectrum thermoelectric detectors such as the thermopile, are extensively used. These detectors rely on the well-known Seebeck effect, in which there is a direct conversion of thermoelectric differentials into electrical voltage. The temperature difference over thermocouple junctions is in general, created by forming a thin membrane connected to the silicon bulk. In many existing thermopiles, materials such as Si and Si3N4 have been used as membrane. These materials suffer from relatively high thermal conductivity, which lowers the membrane temperature and reduces the sensitivity of the detector. A material such as SU-8 2002 has a much lower thermal conductivity and is applied using standard photolithographic processing steps. This work presents thermal simulations regarding the use of SU-8 2002 as a thermal insulating membrane as compared to Si and Si3N4. The simulation results presented show that the temperature increase in a 5 µm SiO2/SU-8 membrane is about 9% higher than in a 1 µm Si3N4 membrane, despite the membrane thickness being increased by a factor of 5. A thermopile consisting of 196 serially interconnected Ti/Ni thermocouples positioned on a 5 µm SiO2/SU-8 2002 membrane has been fabricated. The sensitivity of the fabricated device has been evaluated in the infrared region, using a 1.56 µm IR laser and a xenon arc lamp together with a monochromator. The measurement results show a sensitivity of approximately 5 V/W over the wavelength range between 900 - 2200 nm. Measurements performed in a vacuum chamber show that the sensitivity of the detector could be increased by more than a factor of 3 by mounting the detector in a vacuum sealed capsule.
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