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- Grady, Christine, et al.
(författare)
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Broad Consent for Research With Biological Samples : Workshop Conclusions
- 2015
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Ingår i: American Journal of Bioethics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1526-5161 .- 1536-0075. ; 15:9, s. 34-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Different types of consent are used to obtain human biospecimens for future research. This variation has resulted in confusion regarding what research is permitted, inadvertent constraints on future research, and research proceeding without consent. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center's Department of Bioethics held a workshop to consider the ethical acceptability of addressing these concerns by using broad consent for future research on stored biospecimens. Multiple bioethics scholars, who have written on these issues, discussed the reasons for consent, the range of consent strategies, and gaps in our understanding, and concluded with a proposal for broad initial consent coupled with oversight and, when feasible, ongoing provision of information to donors. This article describes areas of agreement and areas that need more research and dialogue. Given recent proposed changes to the Common Rule, and new guidance regarding storing and sharing data and samples, this is an important and timely topic.
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- Grill, Kalle, 1976-
(författare)
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Advice on vaping in the face of empirical and ethical uncertainty
- 2022
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Ingår i: American Journal of Bioethics. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1526-5161 .- 1536-0075. ; 22:10, s. 20-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- One central role of the American Federal Drug Administration (FDA) is to provide research-based health information and advice to professionals and public. Regarding vaping, the FDA currently emphasizes its possible harms rather than its relatively low risks compared to smoking, for any individual user. Larisa Svirsky, Dana Howard and Micah L Berman defend this uncompromising strategy by invoking the uncertain long-term public health outcomes of vaping and pointing to the many roles of the FDA. I agree that there are empirical uncertainties and multiple roles. I also mention some ethical uncertainties. However, I propose that the FDA in its role as advisor should, given these uncertainties, communicate individual health risks truthfully and straightforwardly, and that such communication does not conflict with its other roles.
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- Hansson, Sven Ove
(författare)
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Reversing ‘research exceptionalism’
- 2010
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Ingår i: American Journal of Bioethics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1526-5161 .- 1536-0075. ; 10:8, s. 66-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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- Malmqvist, Erik, 1980-
(författare)
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A further lesson from existing kidney markets
- 2014
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Ingår i: American Journal of Bioethics. - : Routledge. - 1526-5161 .- 1536-0075. ; 14:10, s. 27-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The target article challenges the increasingly popular portrayal of living kidney sale as potentially a mutually beneficial arrangement, capable not only of saving or improving the lives of patients in need of transplants but also of significantly benefiting poor vendors. Carefully reviewing the literature on harms to vendors in illegal kidney markets and in Iran’s legal market, Koplin (2014) argues that many of these harms would persist in the sort of legal regulated system that kidney sale advocates envision. This is an important argument. The kidney sales debate has been skewed in favor of permitting sales by a simplified view of the potential harms involved and excessive optimism about the capacity of regulation to prevent these harms (Malmqvist 2013). The article counterbalances these tendencies and thus considerably weakens the case for allowing sales. Nonetheless, some market proponents might remain unconvinced. I shall suggest that in addition to the lessons that Koplin draws from existing kidney markets, there is yet another one, which casts further doubt on the advisability of allowing kidney sales.
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