| 1. |
- Aalamian, M, et al.
(författare)
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Inhibition of dendropoiesis by tumor derived and purified prostate specific antigen
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Urology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1527-3792 .- 0022-5347. ; 170:5, s. 2026-2030
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a serine protease produced by the prostate gland at high concentrations. Serum PSA may be significantly elevated in prostate cancer and benign prostatic diseases. It has recently become evident that, in addition to being a tissue and/or serum marker, PSA may also have biological effects. Despite the voluminous literature on this biomarker in the diagnosis of prostatic diseases relatively few reports have addressed the issue of the physiological function, biological role and immune effects of PSA in the context of prostate cancer development and progression. Materials and Methods: Human dendritic cell (DC) cultures were generated from CD34+ hematopoietic precursors in the presence of PSA. The DC phenotype was assessed by flow cytometry and DC ability to induce T-cell proliferation was detected by allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction assay. DCs were also generated in co-cultures with LNCaP cells in the presence of antiPSA antibodies. The concentrations of PSA in cultures were determined by the AXSYM System (Abbott Laboratories, Wiesbaden, Germany). Results: We noted that purified and LNCaP derived PSA inhibited the generation and maturation of DC (dendropoiesis) in vitro, which might have a crucial role in the induction and regulation of specific antitumor immune responses. The addition of active PSA to DC cultures significantly inhibited the generation and maturation of DC, as assessed by the levels of expression of CD83, CD80, CD86 and HLA DR. The ability of DC to induce T-cell proliferation, which depends on the expression of co-stimulatory and major histocompatibility complex molecules, was also suppressed in PSA treated DC cultures. Conclusions: The antidendropoietic effect of PSA in vitro suggests a new mechanism of prostate cancer induced immunosuppression and tumor escape, and provides novel evidence of the immunoregulatory properties of PSA.
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| 2. |
- Abrahamsson, Kate, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Bladder dysfunction: an integral part of the ectopic ureterocele complex.
- 1998
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Ingår i: The Journal of urology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0022-5347 .- 1527-3792. ; 160:4, s. 1468-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We evaluate whether bladder dysfunction is common in patients with ectopic ureterocele and, if so, whether it is an integral part of the ectopic ureterocele complex or a result of surgery.From 1986 to 1995, 34 patients with a mean age of 10 months were treated for large or medium ectopic ureteroceles at our institution and 32 participated in postoperative followup. Bladder function was investigated by a careful history and repeat uroflowmetry, and residual urine estimation was assessed by ultrasound and cystometry.Of the 32 patients 19 had infrequent voiding and 3 had incontinence. Cystometric bladder capacity was increased to greater than 150% of the normal value for age in 15 of 27 patients (55%). Uroflowmetry revealed greater than 5 ml. residual urine in 15 patients (56%). Postoperatively no radiological signs of bladder neck obstruction were found. Increased bladder capacity and residual urine did not correlate with ureterocele size or location, or surgical procedure. There was no progression of bladder dysfunction with age.Children with ectopic ureterocele are at high risk for a high capacity bladder with incomplete emptying. This bladder dysfunction associated with ectopic ureterocele does not seem to be the result of surgery but an integral part of the disorder.
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| 3. |
- Abrahamsson, Kate, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Estimation of renal function in children and adolescents with spinal dysraphism.
- 2008
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Ingår i: The Journal of urology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1527-3792 .- 0022-5347. ; 179:6, s. 2407-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: In children with spinal dysraphism such as myelomeningocele the relation between muscle mass and body composition varies considerably. Therefore, it is difficult to evaluate the relevance of renal function assessments done with serum creatinine. Since serum cystatin C has been suggested to be independent of body size and composition, this evaluation was compared to chromium(51) edetic acid clearance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Simultaneous measurements of cystatin C and chromium(51) edetic acid clearance were performed prospectively in 65 patients 2 to 19 years old with spinal dysraphism. RESULTS: Cystatin C values were within the normal range in all patients, while chromium(51) edetic acid clearance was reduced in 10. A significant relation was seen. CONCLUSIONS: Using chromium(51) edetic acid clearance as a gold standard, children with spinal dysraphism and slightly to moderately reduced renal function may remain undiagnosed if cystatin C is used for evaluation.
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| 4. |
- Abrahamsson, Kate, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Urodynamic findings in children with myelomeningocele after untethering of the spinal cord
- 2007
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Ingår i: J Urol. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0022-5347. ; 177:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The effect on bladder function of tethered spinal cord release in individuals with myelomeningocele differs in published studies, and the benefit has been the subject of debate. We studied the urodynamic findings in a consecutively treated population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 120 children born with myelomeningocele between 1986 and 1999, 20 underwent surgery for the tethered cord syndrome at a median age of 8 years (range 2 to 13). Time points for cystometry used for comparison were before symptoms at a median age of 20 months (range 9 to 106), a median of 5 months preoperatively (1 to 33) and at 12 months postoperatively (6 to 19). Severe bladder dysfunction was defined as basal pressure more than 40 and/or overactivity greater than 60 cm H2O, moderate dysfunction as basal pressure 20 to 40 and/or overactivity 20 to 60 cm H2O, and mild dysfunction as basal pressure less than 20 cm H2O. RESULTS: Of the 20 patients who underwent untethering 7 had improvement to a milder dysfunctional level, while 1 deteriorated postoperatively. Six patients experienced deterioration in bladder dysfunction level before untethering, and all returned to a milder level afterward. A total of 10 patients had unchanged bladder dysfunction before symptoms and preoperatively. Of these patients 9 (90%) continued unchanged after untethering, while 1 deteriorated. CONCLUSIONS: After untethering secondary to myelomeningocele 35% of the patients experienced improved bladder function and 5% deteriorated. All of the patients who deteriorated before untethering improved afterward, and 90% of those who were stable preoperatively continued to be stable postoperatively. Therefore, regular evaluation of bladder function in children with myelomeningocele should be performed.
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| 5. |
- Agardh, Carl-David, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of treatment with estrogens and estramustine phosphate on platelet aggregation and plasma lipoproteins in non-disseminated prostatic carcinoma
- 1984
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Ingår i: Journal of Urology. - 1527-3792. ; 132:5, s. 1021-1024
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The treatment of prostatic carcinoma with estrogens is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular as well as thromboembolic complications. In the present study, patients harboring highly or moderately differentiated prostatic carcinoma without signs of metastases were treated with either polyestradiolphosphate + etinylestradiol, estramustine phosphate or given no treatment. Subsequently, these patients were investigated regarding factors (platelet aggregation, plasma and platelet phospholipid composition and lipoprotein patterns) that might contribute to increased thrombogenesis and cardiovascular risk. The results indicate the presence of increased in vitro platelet aggregation in patients treated with polyestradiolphosphate + etinylestradiol compared to those treated with estramustine phosphate or given no treatment. A possible relationship between the availability of arachidonic acid in platelet membrane phospholipids and in vitro platelet aggregation is suggested. On the other hand the alterations in plasma lipoproteins observed during treatment are generally considered positive from an atherogenic point of view and do not seem relevant to the elevated incidence of cardiovascular disease in these patients.
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| 6. |
- Agarwal, Neeraj, et al.
(författare)
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Apalutamide plus Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer : Analysis of Pain and Fatigue in the Phase 3 TITAN Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: The Journal of urology. - 1527-3792. ; 206:4, s. 914-923
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: We performed an exploratory analysis of prostate cancer-related pain and fatigue on health-related quality of life in patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer receiving apalutamide (240 mg/day) or placebo, with continuous androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), in the phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled TITAN trial (NCT02489318). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patient-reported outcomes for pain and fatigue were evaluated using the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form and Brief Fatigue Inventory. Time to deterioration (TTD) was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method; hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using Cox proportional hazards model. General estimating equations for logistic regression estimated treatment-related differences in the likelihood of worsening pain or fatigue. RESULTS: Compliance for completing the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form and Brief Fatigue Inventory was high (96% to 97%) in the first year. Median followup times were similar between treatments (19 to 22 months). Median pain TTD was longer with apalutamide than placebo for "pain at its least in the last 24 hours" (28.7 vs 21.8 months, respectively; p=0.0146), "pain interfered with mood" (not estimable vs 22.4 months; p=0.0017), "pain interfered with walking ability" (28.7 vs 20.2 months; p=0.0027), "pain interfered with relations" (not estimable vs 23.0 months; p=0.0139) and "pain interfered with sleep" (28.7 vs 20.9 months; p=0.0167). Likelihood for fatigue and worsening fatigue were similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer receiving apalutamide plus ADT vs placebo plus ADT reported consistently favorable TTD of pain. No difference for change in fatigue was observed with apalutamide vs placebo.
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| 7. |
- Aizawa, Naoki, et al.
(författare)
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Inhibition of Peripheral FAAH Depresses Activities of Bladder Mechanosensitive Nerve Fibers of the Rat
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Urology. - : Elsevier. - 0022-5347 .- 1527-3792. ; 192:3, s. 956-963
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: FAAH degrades endocannabinoids and fatty acid amides. FAAH inhibition reduces micturition frequency and counteracts bladder overactivity in rats. We studied the effects of the peripherally active selective FAAH inhibitor URB937, and the CB1 and CB2 receptor antagonists rimonabant and SR144528, respectively, on single unit afferent activity of primary bladder afferents in rats. Materials and Methods: Female Sprague Dawley (R) rats were anesthetized. Single unit afferent activity of A delta or C-fibers from the L6 dorsal roots was recorded during bladder filling before and after URB937 administration with or without rimonabant or SR144528. Drugs (1 mg/kg) were given intravenously. FAAH, CB1 and CB2 expression, and expression of the sensory marker CGRP in the L6 dorsal root ganglion were compared by immunofluorescence. Results: A total of 102 single afferent fibers (48 A delta and 54 C-fibers) were isolated from 57 rats. URB937 decreased single unit afferent activity of C-fibers to a mean +/- SEM of 78% +/- 9% and of A delta-fibers to a mean of 67% +/- 7% while increasing bladder compliance to a mean of 116% +/- 3%. The effects of URB937 on single unit afferent activity and bladder compliance were counteracted by rimonabant or SR144528. Rimonabant increased single unit afferent activity of each fiber type but SR144528 affected only A delta-fiber activity. CGRP positive L6 dorsal root ganglion neurons showed strong FAAH, CB1 and CB2 staining. Conclusions: To our knowledge we report for the first time that inhibiting peripheral FAAH depresses the Ad and C-fiber activity of primary bladder afferents via CB1 and CB2 receptors. CB antagonists alone exerted facilitatory effects on single unit afferent activity during bladder filling in rats. The endocannabinoid system may be involved in physiological control of micturition as regulators of afferent signals.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Altman, D., et al.
(författare)
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Somatic Comorbidity in Women with Overactive Bladder Syndrome
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Urology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0022-5347 .- 1527-3792. ; 196:2, s. 473-477
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: We explore the influence of co-occurring somatic illnesses on prevalent overactive bladder in women of premenopausal age. Materials and Methods: Data for the present study were derived from a nationwide survey on complex diseases among all twins in the Swedish Twin Registry born 1959 to 1985. The present study was limited to female twins participating in the survey (12,850). Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate odds ratios with 95% CIs. Environmental and genetic influences were assessed in co-twin control analysis. Results: Generalized estimating equations analysis showed a significant association between overactive bladder and migraine (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.15-1.57), fibromyalgia (1.83, 1.54-2.18), chronic fatigue (1.81, 1.49-2.19) and eating disorders (1.56, 1.24-1.96). There was also a significant association with allergic disorders including asthma (1.24, 1.01-1.52) and eczema (1.22, 1.04-1.43). Among reproductive disorders, urinary tract infections (1.60, 1.40-1.84), dysmenorrhea (1.53, 1.33-1.76) and pelvic pain (1.60, 1.31-1.94) showed the strongest association with overactive bladder. Results from co-twin control analysis indicated that the significant associations observed in generalized estimating equations analysis were influenced by environmental and genetic factors without a common pathway model. Conclusions: Our results suggest a multifactorial and complex pathogenesis of overactive bladder in which associations between various somatic illnesses and overactive bladder may be affected by environmental and genetic factors.
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| 10. |
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