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- Lagergren, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Abdominal fat and male excess of esophageal adenocarcinoma
- 2013
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Ingår i: Epidemiology. - Stockholm : Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Molecular Medicine and Surgery. - 1531-5487.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 7-to-1 male-to-female ratio in esophageal and gastroesophageal junctional adenocarcinoma (EAC) might be explained by abdominal adiposity, typical for males. If true, a stronger male predominance in higher BMI categories is expected. We conducted a nationwide Swedish population-based case-control study in 1995-1997 and collected data on BMI and other variables at face-to-face interviews. Age-adjusted relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) levels were calculated using Poisson regression. Among 451 EAC cases and 820 controls, RR of EAC in males compared to females did not increase with higher BMI as assessed 20 years before interview, at 20 years of age, or at maximum or minimum adult BMI. For BMI 20 years before interview, RR in males compared to females were 7.4 (95%CI:3.9-14.1), 5.3 (95%CI:3.5-8.1), and 5.8 (95%CI:3.9-8.8) in the BMI categories <22, 22-<25, and ≥25, respectively. Conclusions: Abdominal adiposity might not explain the male predominance in esophageal adenocarcinoma.
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| 4. |
- Ahlbom, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational magnetic field exposure and myocardial infarction incidence.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Epidemiology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1044-3983 .- 1531-5487. ; 15:4, s. 403-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Studies on healthy volunteers have seen reduced heart rate variability after exposure to extremely low-frequency electric and magnetic fields (EMF). Because reduced heart rate variability has been linked to cardiovascular disease risk, it has been hypothesized that exposure to EMF might increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. One epidemiologic study has shown increased mortality from cardiovascular conditions in utility workers with elevated exposure to magnetic fields, but several other epidemiologic studies have failed to confirm this result. We tested the hypothesis that occupational EMF exposure increases the risk of myocardial infarction in a large population-based case-control study of myocardial infarction, with detailed information on potential confounders. METHODS: We used data from the SHEEP study, which is a population-based case-control study of acute myocardial infarction in Stockholm. Occupational EMF exposure was based on job titles 1, 5, and 10 years before diagnosis. We used 2 approaches to classify exposure: first, specific individual job titles with presumed elevated EMF exposure, and second, classification of subjects according to a job-exposure matrix. RESULTS: We found no increased risk of myocardial infarction in subjects classified as having elevated EMF exposure. For the highest exposure category of > or = 0.3 microT according to the job-exposure matrix, the adjusted relative risk was = 0.57 (95% confidence interval = 0.36-0.89). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study do not support the hypothesis that occupational EMF exposure increases the risk of myocardial infarction.
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| 5. |
- Ahlsson, Fredrik, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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School Performance After Preterm Birth
- 2015
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Ingår i: Epidemiology. - 1044-3983 .- 1531-5487. ; 26:1, s. 106-111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: An increased risk of poor school performance for children born preterm has been shown in many studies, but whether this increase is attributable to preterm birth per se or to other factors associated with preterm birth has not been resolved. Methods: We used data from the Swedish Medical Birth Register, the Longitudinal Integration Database for Sickness Insurance and Labor Market Study, the Swedish Multigeneration Register, and the National School Register to link records comprising the Swedish birth cohorts from 1974 through 1991. Linear regression was used to assess the association between gestational duration and school performance, both with and without controlling for parental and socioeconomic factors. In a restricted analysis, we compared siblings only with each other. Results: Preterm birth was strongly and negatively correlated with school performance. The distribution of school grades for children born at 31-33 weeks was on average 3.85 (95% confidence interval = -4.36 to -3.35) centiles lower than for children born at 40 weeks. For births at 22-24 weeks, the corresponding figure was -23.15 (-30.32 to -15.97). When taking confounders into account, the association remained. When restricting the analysis to siblings, however, the association between school performance and preterm birth after week 30 vanished completely, whereas it remained, less pronounced, for preterm birth before 30 weeks of gestation. Conclusions: Our study suggests that the association between school performance and preterm birth after 30 gestational weeks is attributable to factors other than preterm birth per se.
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| 7. |
- Alping, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of the Swedish Multiple Sclerosis Register Further Improving a Resource for Pharmacoepidemiologic Evaluations
- 2019
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Ingår i: Epidemiology. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1044-3983 .- 1531-5487. ; 30:2, s. 230-233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish Multiple Sclerosis Register is a national register monitoring treatment and clinical course for all Swedish multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, with high coverage and close integration with the clinic. Despite its great value for epidemiologic research, it has not previously been validated. In this brief report, we summarize a large validation of >3,000 patients in the register using clinical chart review in the context of the COMBAT-MS study. While further improving the data quality for a central cohort of patients available for future epidemiologic research, this study also allowed us to estimate the accuracy and completeness of the register data.
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| 9. |
- Aström, Daniel Oudin, et al.
(författare)
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Acute Fatal Effects of Short-Lasting Extreme Temperatures in Stockholm, Sweden : Evidence Across a Century of Change.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Epidemiology. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1044-3983 .- 1531-5487. ; 24:6, s. 820-829
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Climate change is projected to increase the frequency of extreme weather events. Short-term effects of extreme hot and cold weather and their effects on mortality have been thoroughly documented, as have epidemiologic and demographic changes throughout the 20th century. We investigated whether sensitivity to episodes of extreme heat and cold has changed in Stockholm, Sweden, from the beginning of the 20th century until the present.METHODS: We collected daily mortality and temperature data for the period 1901-2009 for present-day Stockholm County, Sweden. Heat extremes were defined as days for which the 2-day moving average of mean temperature was above the 98th percentile; cold extremes were defined as days for which the 26-day moving average was below the 2nd percentile. The relationship between extreme hot/cold temperatures and all-cause mortality, stratified by decade, sex, and age, was investigated through time series modeling, adjusting for time trends.RESULTS: Total daily mortality was higher during heat extremes in all decades, with a declining trend over time in the relative risk associated with heat extremes, leveling off during the last three decades. The relative risk of mortality was higher during cold extremes for the entire period, with a more dispersed pattern across decades. Unlike for heat extremes, there was no decline in the mortality with cold extremes over time.CONCLUSIONS: Although the relative risk of mortality during extreme temperature events appears to have fallen, such events still pose a threat to public health.
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