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- Baruah, Kartik
(författare)
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Differential modulation of oxidative stress, antioxidant defense, histomorphology, ion-regulation and growth marker gene expression in goldfish (Carassius auratus) following exposure to different dose of virgin microplastics
- 2020
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Ingår i: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part C: Toxicology and Pharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-0456. ; 238
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Goldfish (Carassius auratus) juveniles were exposed to virgin polyvinyl chloride microplastics (PVC-MPs) in triplicate at 0, 0.1 or 0.5 mg/L for four days. Afterwards, the histopathology of the gills, liver and intestines were examined, along with various antioxidant enzymes and indicators of oxidative damage (malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)), in the brain, liver and gills. In addition, we also studied the expression of hepatic insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1) and growth hormone (GH) receptor, while cortisol receptor (CR) and cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) gene expression were assayed in both the liver and gills. Histological analysis revealed PVC-MPs in the intestines at 0.1 and 0.5 mg/L, along with substantially shorter villi. The gills appeared undamaged by PVC-MPs exposure and had limited or no effect to antioxidant activity, Na+/K+-ATPase and II tATPase activity or plasma ion levels, but there was a prominent upsurge of the detoxification enzymes glutatione S-transferase (GST) activity and CYP1A expression. Livers showed inflammation and some occurrences of hemorrhaging and necrosis at 0.5 mg/L. While the brain showed some evidence of oxidative damage, the liver was the most susceptible to oxidative damage, based on increased MDA, H2O2 and various antioxidant enzymes. Hepatic expression of IGFBP-1 and GH receptor were significantly downregulated at 0.5 mg/L while CR was upregulated. Results indicate that exposure to environmentally relevant PVC-MP can cause oxidative damage in the brain and liver, adverse histomorphological changes to the intestine and liver and alter the gene expression in goldfish.
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- Björkblom, Carina, et al.
(författare)
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Estrogen- and androgen-sensitive bioassays based on primary cell and tissue slice cultures from three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)
- 2007
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Ingår i: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part C. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 1532-0456 .- 1878-1659. ; 146:3, s. 431-442
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Endocrine disrupting compounds are chemicals that may interfere with the endocrine system causing severe effects in organisms. The three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) offers a potential for the assessment of endocrine disruption caused by a) estrogenic xenobiotics through the estrogen-dependent protein vitellogenin and b) androgenic xenobiotics through the androgen-dependent protein spiggin. The stickleback is presently the only known fish species with a quantifiable androgen and anti-androgen biomarker endpoint. In the current study, hepatocyte and kidney primary cell cultures and liver and kidney tissue slice cultures were prepared and used for detecting estrogenic or androgenic activity in vitro through the action of hormones or municipal sewage water. The results indicate that stickleback male hepatocyte cultures are suitable in detecting estrogenic activity and stickleback female kidney tissue slice cultures in detecting androgenic activity. The tested sewage water showed high estrogenic activity but no significant androgenic activity. Primary cell and tissue slice cultures isolated from the three-spined stickleback will allow simultaneously screening in vitro for potential estrogenic and androgenic activity of complex samples.
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- Costa, Fabiano, et al.
(författare)
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Acetic acid-induced pain elicits stress-, and camouflage-related responses in zebrafish: Modulatory effects of opioidergic drugs on neurobehavioral phenotypes
- 2023
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Ingår i: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology. - 1532-0456. ; 270
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While pain results from the activation of nociceptors following noxious stimuli, mounting evidence links pain- and stress-related responses in mammals. In zebrafish, the activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis may also regulate body pigmentation (the camouflage response). Here, we aimed to investigate a putative relationship between pain-, stress-, and camouflage-related parameters in adult zebrafish. To answer this question, we assessed whether intraperitoneal acetic acid injection can activate the HPI axis, measuring whole-body cortisol and the camouflage response as physiological endpoints in the presence or absence of morphine or naloxone, an opioid antagonist. Acetic acid induced a stereotypic circling behavior in the top of the tank, accompanied by abdominal writhing-like response, a specific phenotype that reflects local nociceptive effect. Both whole-body cortisol levels and camouflage response increased in the acetic acid group, while morphine prevented these responses, and naloxone antagonized morphine-induced effects. Moreover, we observed positive correlations between representative behavioral, physiological and skin coloration endpoints, and a “pain index” was proposed to summarize phenotypic profile of zebrafish under different pharmacological manipulations. Collectively, these findings suggest a coordinated activation of pain, camouflage- and stress-related pathways following acetic acid injection in zebrafish. Our data also support that camouflage response represents a novel and relevant biomarker for future probing pain and stress neurobiology, with a robust sensitivity to opioidergic drugs.
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- Dave, Göran, 1945
(författare)
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Effects of copper on growth, reproduction, survival and hemoglobin in Daphnia magna
- 1984
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Ingår i: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology. - 1532-0456. ; 78:2, s. 439-443
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. The effects of additions of CuSO4 × 5H2O to final concentrations between 0.0004 and 105μg Cu l− on growth, reproduction, survival and haemoglobin content of Daphnia magna were studied in hard reconstituted water and compared to the response in the dilution water without addition of copper. Concentrations of copper are nominal values. 2. The 48-hr Spec50 (immobilization) for unfed neonates was 6.5 μg Cu l−1 and the 48-hr and 21-day lc50 for fed neonates were 18.5 and 1.4 μg Cu l−1, respectively. 3. Growth expressed as body length of juveniles after 7 days and adult females after 21 days was only reduced in survivors at the highest non-lethal concentration (6.6 μg Cu l−). 4. Reproduction was stimulated by low concentrations of copper. Optimal reproduction after 21 days was found between 0.001 and 0.1 μg Cu l−1. Higher concentrations were partially inhibitory (0.4 μgCu 1−1), stimulatory (0.8 and 1.6 μg Cu l−1) or completely inhibitory (3.2μg Cu l−1 and above). 5. The stimulatory peak around 1 μg Cu l−1 was accompanied by a reduced survival (above 0.4 μg Cu l−1). The Zero Equivalent Point (ZEP) for reproduction at non-reduced survival was 0.23 μg Cu l−1. This concentration should be “safe” for D. magna under prevailing conditions (reconstituted water with a hardness of 250 mg l−1 as CaCo3 and a synthetic diet based on fish food and baby gruel). 6. The haemoglobin content was affected by copper in a complex pattern which was not related to growth, reproduction or survival.
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- Dave, Göran, 1945
(författare)
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Effects of waterborne iron on growth, reproduction, survival and hemoglobin in Daphnia magna
- 1984
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Ingår i: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology. - 1532-0456. ; 78:2, s. 433-438
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. The effects of waterborne iron (FeCl3 × 6 H2O) on growth, reproduction, survival and haemoglobin content in Daphnia magna were studied from subnormal to toxic concentrations in hard reconstituted water. 2. Low concentrations of iron stimulated reproduction and haemoglobin synthesis after chronic exposure for 21 days. Maximum reproduction occurred between 0.1 and μg Fel−1. 3. Juvenile growth was not stimulated by iron but was slightly inhibited between 1 and 8 μg Fe l−1 and above 128 μg Fe l−1. A slight inhibition of growth persisted for 21 days. 4. Total haemoglobin content was above the control with no waterborne iron at all but one concentration (512 μg Fe l−1). The highest value (3.8 × control value) was found at 2μg Fe l−1. The haemoglobin content decreased between 64 and 512 μg Fe l−1 and increased at higher concentrations. The decrease coincided with an inhibited reproduction. The increase was found in non reproductive survivors. 5. A comparison with a previous study in D. magna suggests that ambient conditions (hardness and pH) and ageing of the water are important for the effects of waterborne iron. At a hardness of 250 mg l−1 as CaCO3 and a pH range of 7.0–8.0 the ZEP (Zero Equivalent Point) for reproduction was 158 μg Fe l−1. Continuous exposure to higher concentrations is expected to lead to extinction of a D. magna population.
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- Dave, Göran, 1945, et al.
(författare)
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Toxicity of 8 solvent-extraction chemicals and of cadmium to water fleas, Daphnia magna, rainbow trout, salmo gairdneri, and zebrafis, Brachydanio rerio
- 1981
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Ingår i: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology. - 1532-0456. ; 69:1, s. 83-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. The toxicity of 8 solvent extraction chemicals (Primene JM-T, Amberlite LA-1, Adogen 283, Adogen 383, Alamine 336, TBP and HDEHP) and of cadmium has been investigated in neonates of water fleas, Daphnia magna, embryos and larvae of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, and in embryos, larvae and juveniles of zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio. 2. The importance of the threshold value for comparisons of toxicity data is discussed and the possibility of its determination at elevated temperature is suggested. 3. The toxicity data for cadmium, 48 hr LC50 for water fleas 69 μg Cd/1 and embryo-larval toxicity for rainbow trout 5.0 μg Cd/1, agreed with previously reported data.
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