| 1. |
- Sjödahl, Rune, 1938-
(författare)
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Extent, mode, and dose dependence of anticancer effects
- 2001
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Ingår i: American Journal of Medicine. - 0002-9343 .- 1555-7162. ; 110:1 SUPPL. 1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regular intake of aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is associated with a decreased incidence of colorectal, esophageal, gastric, and lung cancer. The relative risk of colorectal cancer is about 0.6 in large cohort studies - in other words, the risk is reduced by 40%. Also, in experimental models, the frequency of colonic cancer is reduced by NSAIDs. Both human and experimental tumors contain increased amounts of prostaglandin E2, which may have a role in the accelerated proliferation taking place in tumor tissue. This may be the result of activation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in response to mitogens and growth factors, for example, which will result in an increased production of prostaglandins. The current theory is that the mechanism for the suppressor effect of NSAIDs on carcinogenesis is COX-2 inhibition. However, reliable data on the dose of aspirin or other NSAIDs for optimal benefit for tumor suppression are lacking, and it is still premature to give general recommendations on using NSAIDs for chemoprevention of gastrointestinal cancer.
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| 2. |
- Gooskova, E G, et al.
(författare)
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Geomagnetic field fine structure for the last 30 kyr based on the magnetization of the Barents sea sediments
- 2004
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Ingår i: Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. - 0016-7932 .- 1555-645X. ; 44:4, s. 510-516
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fine temporal structure of the geomagnetic field for the past 30 kyr manifests itself in the development of geomagnetic field excursions (sharp geomagnetic pole displacements in latitude and longitude) and in slow variations in the geomagnetic field elements. An analysis of the paleomagnetic characteristics of the Barents bottom sediments shows the Etrussia-Sterno (2300-3000 years ago) and Solovki (4500-7500 years ago) geomagnetic field excursions, the Gothenburg excursion at the Holocene-Pleistocene boundary (12-13 kyr ago) marking the end of the last glaciation, and the Mono excursion (26-28 kyr ago). A significant increase in the magnetic susceptibility at the Holocene-Pleistocene boundary, observed in eight Barents columns, reflects climate changes during this period. The cyclic component of the variation in the geomagnetic field inclination with a period of about 15 kyr has been revealed.
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| 3. |
- Liegnell, Rasmus, et al.
(författare)
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Elevated plasma lactate levels via exogenous lactate infusion do not alter resistance exercise-induced signaling or protein synthesis in human skeletal muscle.
- 2020
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : American Physiological Society. - 0193-1849 .- 1522-1555. ; 319, s. E792-E804
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lactate has been implicated as a potential signaling molecule. In myotubes, lactate incubation increases mTORC1- and ERK-signaling and induces hypertrophy, indicating that lactate could be a mediator of muscle adaptations to resistance exercise. However, the potential signaling properties of lactate, at rest or with exercise, have not been explored in human tissue. In a cross-over design study, 8 men and 8 women performed one-legged resistance exercise while receiving venous infusion of saline or sodium lactate. Blood was sampled repeatedly, and muscle biopsies were collected at rest and at 0, 90,180 min and 24 h after exercise. The primary outcomes examined were intracellular signaling, fractional protein synthesis rate (FSR), and blood/muscle levels of lactate and pH. Post-exercise blood lactate concentrations were 130% higher in the Lactate trial (3.0 vs 7.0 mmol×l-1, p<0.001) whereas muscle levels were only marginally higher (27 vs 32 mmol×kg-1 d.w., p=0.003) compared to the Saline-trial. Post-exercise blood pH was higher in the Lactate-trial (7.34 vs 7.44, p<0.001), with no differences in intramuscular pH. Exercise increased the phosphorylation of mTORS2448 (~40%), S6K1T389 (~3-fold), and p44T202/T204 (~80%) during recovery, without any differences between trials. FSR over the 24-h recovery period did not differ between the Saline (0.067 %/h) and Lactate (0.062 %/h) trials. This study does not support the hypothesis that blood lactate levels can modulate anabolic signaling in contracted human muscle. Further in vivo research investigating the impact of exercised versus rested muscle and the role of intramuscular lactate is needed to elucidate its potential signaling properties.
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| 4. |
- Abatecola, Gianpaolo, et al.
(författare)
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How can biases affect entrepreneurial decision making? toward a behavioral approach to unicorns
- 2022
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Ingår i: The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal. - : Springer. - 1554-7191 .- 1555-1938. ; 18:2, s. 693-711
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How can cognitive biases affect the birth and evolution of entrepreneurial ventures? In Entrepreneurial Decision Making (EDM), this lively research question remains largely unaddressed when the world of Unicorns, as a per se entrepreneurial species, is considered. Thus, through this conceptual article, we aim to contribute toward knowledge creation in this context. We start by proposing a conceptual framework of Unicorns’ EDM based on a behavioral approach. Through three propositions, this novel framework advances how the birth, transition, and consolidation of a Unicorn may be explained by the sequentially intertwined occurrence of biases, from which establishment and legitimization eventually emerge. We complement the framework with examples from the social media industry and then discuss its main implications for theory and practice.
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| 5. |
- Aggestam, Maria
(författare)
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Conceptualizing entrepreneurial capital in the context of institutional change
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1554-7191 .- 1555-1938. ; 10:1, s. 165-186
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores the building of entrepreneurial capital from an entrepreneurship and contextual/institutional position. In taking this position, it is possible to understand "entrepreneurial capital" as the content of the process that unfolds when individuals are exposed to certain characteristics of the environment. Drawing on findings from an ethnographically inspired longitudinal case study, the paper identifies the various actions attributed to entrepreneuring actors. Using the context of Poland as an illustrative case, the paper traces a variety of entrepreneuring accounts which appear to define entrepreneurial capital. This in turn provides a preliminary theoretical framework for the nature and the key elements of entrepreneurial capital. The study indicates that entrepreneurial capital is relationally and contextually constituted. The findings draw attention to the value of entrepreneurial capital in the context of an organizational and institutional change process that (1) involves the active creation Lachmann (Organization Studies 31: 219-244, 1986) of entrepreneuring actors within an organizational and societal context, (2) creates beneficial and supportive conditions that incorporate internal (organizational, personality) and external (environmental) resources for entrepreneuring, and (3) is facilitated by the entrepreneuring process. Finally, implications for entrepreneurship inquiry are drawn.
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| 6. |
- Ahl, Helene, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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From feminism to FemInc.ism : On the uneasy relationship between feminism, entrepreneurship and the Nordic welfare state
- 2016
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Ingår i: The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1554-7191 .- 1555-1938. ; 12:2, s. 369-392
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Feminism in the Nordic countries was primarily formulated in terms of ‘state feminism’. The women’s movement cooperated with feminist government officials and politicians, resulting in societies that can be considered to be the most gender-equal societies in the world. Historically, the state provided for a large publicly-financed welfare sector which made it possible for many women to combine work and family through the state’s implementation of family-friendly policies, while simultaneously providing employment opportunities for many women. However, since the financial crisis of the 1990s, there has been a political change influenced by neo-liberal thought, in which politicians have handed over the welfare state’s responsibilities to the market, and, instead, the politicians have encouraged entrepreneurship, not least among women. Further to this development, there has been a change in emphasis from entrepreneurship (understood as starting and running a business) to entrepreneurialism which, in addition to a belief in the efficacy of market forces, also contains a social dimension where individuals are supposed to be flexible and exercise choice. In this article, we ask whether this entails a change in the feminist project in the Nordic countries, and if so, what the likely consequences are for this project, both in practice and in research. In order to answer this question, we reviewed existing Nordic research on women’s entrepreneurship and examined how this body of work conceptualizes entrepreneurship, gender, the state, and equality. We also considered whether any trends could be identified. We relate our findings to recent changes in government policy and conclude that the current discourse on entrepreneurship challenges, and possibly weakens, state feminism, but we also conclude that this discourse may also provide space for new forms of feminist action, in market terms. We coin the term FemInc.ism to denote feminist action through enterprise and we discuss a number of important challenges that research on this phenomenon is faced with.
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| 7. |
- Andresen, Edith, et al.
(författare)
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Processes in collaborative entrepreneurship : a longitudinal case study of how multiple actors exploit a radically new opportunity
- 2014
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Ingår i: The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1554-7191 .- 1555-1938. ; 10:4, s. 713-726
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this longitudinal case study, the authors integrate the theory on social movement with the entrepreneurship literature on opportunity discovery, evaluation, and exploitation. They construct a model on collaborative entrepreneurial processes in which multiple partners are involved in identifying, forming, and exploiting an opportunity. Three interdependent subprocesses are identified: (1) the opportunity conceptualization dialogue, (2) resource mobilization and, (3) legitimacy building, which significantly contribute to our understanding of how individuals across different organizations become engaged in collaborative entrepreneurial processes. The model of collaborative entrepreneurial processes complements traditional models of the entrepreneurial process, which place the individual entrepreneur at the center of the process and does not consider group mobilization processes in which the actors aim to be creative and innovative in collaborating with actors from other organizations or firms.
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| 8. |
- Bergh, Pontus, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Entrepreneurs learning together : the importance of building trust for learning and exploiting business opportunities
- 2011
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Ingår i: The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal. - : Springer Science. - 1554-7191 .- 1555-1938. ; 7:1, s. 17-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This longitudinal, qualitative case study examines trust-building processes and learning outcomes among entrepreneurs who participated in formal networks designed to develop competence and knowledge. This study is built on rich data collected through observation and video recordings made during network meetings and get-togethers. Additional data was gleaned from personal interviews with participating entrepreneurs. All data sources reveal on how trust develops and how entrepreneurs can use networks to learn and improve their capacity to exploit business opportunities. Studying how trust is built over time among entrepreneurs who demonstrate a low level of trust when they join the network, this study provides insights into micro-processes and important components of building trust. Findings suggest three processes that build commitment, companionship, and competence trust. Moreover, acknowledging the notion of social learning, the findings suggest that when entrepreneurs build trust with one another they can experience cognitive, emotional, and social changes by participating in a network. This may bring potential consequences for their exploiting opportunities. Implications for academics and managers are discussed.
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| 9. |
- Costa-Climent, Ricardo, et al.
(författare)
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Value creation and appropriation from the use of machine learning : a study of start-ups using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal. - : Springer. - 1554-7191 .- 1555-1938.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study focuses on how start-ups use machine learning technology to create and appropriate value. A firm’s use of machine learning can activate data network effects. These data network effects can then create perceived value for users. This study examines the interaction between the activation of data network effects by start-ups and the value that they are able to create and appropriate based on their business model. A neo-configurational approach built on fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) explores how the design of a firm’s business model interacts with various aspects to explain value creation and appropriation using machine learning. The study uses a sample of 122 European start-ups created between 2019 and 2022. It explores the system of interactions between business model value drivers and value creation factors under the theory of data network effects. The findings show that start-ups primarily activate the efficiency and novelty elements of value creation and value capture.
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| 10. |
- de Cleyn, Sven, et al.
(författare)
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How human capital interacts with the early development of academic spin-offs
- 2015
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Ingår i: The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal. - : Springer. - 1554-7191 .- 1555-1938. ; 11:3, s. 599-621
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper focuses on venture team characteristics with respect to human capital dimensions in early stage ventures emerging from academic research (institutions). Three major groups have been investigated: founders, top managers and directors. Data was obtained using personal interviews with 185 product-oriented academic spin-offs in nine European countries, including those of 17 failures. The results show a significant positive—but diminishing—impact of team heterogeneity on venture success, as well as a positive impact from legal expertise within the board of directors. At management level, the results further indicate that larger management team are better equipped to face the challenges in academic spin-offs. Furthermore, the added value of serial entrepreneurs is questioned, since they seem to negatively impact a spin-off’s survival chances. Several implications are addressed, dealing with an appropriate team composition (on the levels of both top management and the board of directors) as well as the importance of paying attention to team development
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