| 1. |
- Hederos Eriksson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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IQ and family background : Are associations strong or weak?
- 2010
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Ingår i: B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy. - : De Gruyter. - 1555-0494 .- 1935-1682. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the purpose of understanding the underlying mechanisms behind intergenerational associations in income and education, recent studies have explored the intergenerational transmission of abilities. We use a large representative sample of Swedish men to examine both intergenerational and sibling correlations in IQ. Since siblings share both parental factors and neighbourhood influences, the sibling correlation is a broader measure of the importance of family background than the intergenerational correlation. We use IQ data from the Swedish military enlistment tests. The correlation in IQ between fathers (born 1951-1956) and sons (born 1966-1980) is estimated to 0.347. The corresponding estimate for brothers (born 1951-1968) is 0.473, suggesting that family background explains approximately 50 percent of a person’s IQ. Estimating sibling correlations in IQ, we thus find that family background has a substantially larger impact on IQ than has been indicated by previous studies examining only intergenerational correlations in IQ.
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| 2. |
- Johannesson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of competition on physical activity : a randomized trial
- 2010
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Ingår i: B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy. - : De Gruyter. - 1555-0494 .- 1935-1682. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent literature in economics has highlighted that competition and symbolic awards can provide non-monetary incentives. In this paper, we report on a step contest that we carried out at a large Swedish workplace in order to test whether competition for symbolic awards can be used to promote physical exercise. Each individual was equipped with a pedometer and registered the number of steps daily during a four week period. Participants competed both in teams and individually and the winning team and individual received symbolic prizes. To evaluate the effect of the competition, we randomized teams into a control group and two treatment groups. We found that the step contest significantly increased both the fraction of subjects that completed the step contest and the number of steps. The number of steps was about 1,000 steps higher in the main treatment group than in the control group (an increase by about 10 percent). This is a conservative estimate as the dropouts on average walked fewer steps than individuals completing the study. In an additional treatment, we also included a daily step goal in the contest. The step goal had no additional significant effect on the number of steps, which may be due to the relatively low step goal used (7,000 steps per day).
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| 3. |
- Björklund, Anders, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
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What More Than Parental Income, Education and Occupation? An Exploration of What Swedish Siblings Get from Their Parents : (Contributions), Article 102
- 2010
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Ingår i: The B.E. Journals in Economic Analysis & Policy. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 2194-6108 .- 1935-1682. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sibling correlations are broader measures of the impact of family and community influences on individual outcomes than intergenerational correlations. Estimates of such correlations in income show that more than half of the family and community influences that siblings share are uncorrelated with parental income. We employ a data set with rich family information to explore what factors in addition to traditional measures of parents' socio-economic status can explain sibling similarity in long-run income. Measures of family structure and social problems account for very little of sibling similarities beyond that already accounted for by income, education and occupation. However, when we add indicators of parental involvement in schoolwork, parenting practices and maternal attitudes, the explanatory power of our variables increases from about one-quarter (using only traditional measures of parents' socio-economic status) to nearly two-thirds.
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| 4. |
- Ek, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Family Job Search, Wage Bargaining, and Optimal Unemployment Insurance
- 2010
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Ingår i: The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy. - Uppsala : Department of Economics, Uppsala University. - 1935-1682. ; 10:1, s. Contributions-Article 47
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The paper develops an equilibrium search and matching model where two-person families as well as singles participate in the labor market. We show that equilibrium entails wage dispersion among equally productive risk-averse workers. Marital status as well as spousal labor market status matter for wage outcomes. In general, employed members of two-person families receive higher wages than employed singles. The model is applied to a welfare analysis of alternative unemployment insurance systems, recognizing the role of spousal employment as partial substitute for public insurance. The optimal system involves benefit differentiation based on marital status as wellas spousal labor market status. Optimal differentiation yields small welfare gains but gives rise to large wage differentials.
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| 5. |
- Elinder, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of inheritances on heirs' labor and capital income
- 2012
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Ingår i: The B.E. Journals in Economic Analysis & Policy. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 2194-6108 .- 1935-1682. ; 12:1, s. 61-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this paper is to study when and how much labor and capital income of heirs respond to inheritances. We estimate fixed effects models following direct heirs, inheriting in 2004, during the years 2000-2008 using Swedish panel data. Our first main result is that the more the heir inherits, the lower her labor income becomes. This labor income effect appears in the years after the heir had inherited and is stronger for old heirs than for young heirs. We also find evidence of anticipation effects that occur before the actual transfer. Our second main result is that the more the heir inherits, the higher her capital income becomes. This effect only appears in the years after receiving the inheritance. It seems to be dissipating after a couple of years.
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| 6. |
- Holmlund, Bertil, et al.
(författare)
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Estimating Dynamic Income Responses to Tax Reform
- 2011
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Ingår i: The B.E. Journals in Economic Analysis & Policy. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 2194-6108 .- 1935-1682. ; 11:1, s. 71-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study income responses to income tax changes by using a large panel of Swedish tax payers over the period 1991-2002. Changes in statutory tax rates as well as changes in tax bracket thresholds provide exogenous variations in tax rates that can be used to identify income responses. We estimate dynamic income models which allow us to distinguish between short-run and long-run effects in a straightforward fashion. For men, the estimates of the long-run elasticity of income with respect to the net-of-tax rate hover in a range between 0.10 and 0.30. The estimates for women are statistically insignificant. We simulate the fiscal consequences of a tax reform that reduces the top marginal tax rate by five percentage points. Such a reform may have negligible effects on tax revenues when the interactions between income taxes and other taxes are taken into account.
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| 7. |
- Lindquist, Matthew J., et al.
(författare)
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Driving Under the Influence of Our Fathers
- 2010
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Ingår i: The B.E. Journals in Economic Analysis & Policy. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 2194-6108 .- 1935-1682. ; 10:1, s. 100-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper uses data from the Stockholm Birth Cohort Study to document intergenerational associations in drunk driving between fathers and their children. The proportion of sons with a record of drunk driving is 2.3 times larger for sons whose fathers have a conviction for drunk driving than for sons whose fathers have not been convicted. For daughters, the proportion is 7.8 times larger. The average number of convictions is twice as large for sons whose fathers have a conviction for drunk driving than for sons whose fathers have not been convicted. For daughters, the average number of convictions is 15.3 times larger. We argue that these intergenerational associations in drunk driving have important implications for treatment strategies and public policy.
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| 8. |
- Östling, Robert
(författare)
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Economic Influences on Moral Values
- 2009
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Ingår i: The B.E. Journals in Economic Analysis & Policy. - Berkeley : Berkeley Electronic Press. - 2194-6108 .- 1935-1682. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper extends standard consumer theory to account for endogenous moral motivation. Building on cognitive dissonance theory, I show how moral values are affected by changes in prices and income. The key insight is that changes in prices and income that lead to higher consumption of an immoral good also affect the moral values held by the consumer so that the good is considered less immoral. A preliminary empirical analysis based on the World Values Survey is consistent with the model's predictions with respect to income.
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| 9. |
- Asplund, Disa, 1985-
(författare)
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Household Production and the Elasticity of Marginal Utility of Consumption
- 2017
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Ingår i: The B.E. Journals in Economic Analysis & Policy. - : WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH. - 2194-6108 .- 1935-1682. ; 17:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The popular approach to estimating the elasticity of marginal utility of consumption (EMUC) (Chetty 2006, "A New Method of Estimating Risk Aversion." American Economic Review 96 (5):1821-1834. doi:10.1257/aer.96.5.1821. http://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/aer.96.5.1821) is here extended by including household production. It is shown that this generalization of the model is important as omission of household production may lead to bias, as demonstrated in a numerical sensitivity analysis. An extended model with household production is used to derive new EMUC formulas. Empirical estimates based on current evidence of the included parameters suggest a lower bound for EMUC of about 0.9.
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| 10. |
- Borghans, Lex, et al.
(författare)
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Parental Preferences for Primary School Characteristics
- 2015
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Ingår i: The B.E. Journals in Economic Analysis & Policy. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 2194-6108 .- 1935-1682. ; 15:1, s. 85-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Free school choice has often been argued to be a tide that lifts school quality through increased competition. This paper analyzes the underlying assumption that school quality is an important choice criterion for parents. Using a large and representative data set of over 15,000 Dutch primary school starters, we estimate models of school demand that incorporate heterogeneity in school preferences. Our results show that traditional measures for school quality matter, but other characteristics, such as school denomination and educational philosophy, are more important predictors of choice. Preferences for these school characteristics are strongly heterogeneous across parents.
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