| 1. |
- Agardh, Emilie E., et al.
(författare)
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Disease Burden Attributed to Drug use in the Nordic Countries : a Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. - 1557-1874 .- 1557-1882.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Nordic countries share similarities in many social and welfare domains, but drug policies have varied over time and between countries. We wanted to compare differences in mortality and disease burden attributed to drug use over time. Using results from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, we extracted age-standardized estimates of deaths, DALYs, YLLs and YLDs per 100 000 population for Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden during the years 1990 to 2019. Among males, DALY rates in 2019 were highest in Finland and lowest in Iceland. Among females, DALY rates in 2019 were highest in Iceland and lowest in Sweden. Sweden have had the highest increase in burden since 1990, from 252 DALYs to 694 among males, and from 111 to 193 among females. Norway had a peak with highest level of all countries in 2001-2004 and thereafter a strong decline. Denmark have had the most constant burden over time, 566-600 DALYs among males from 1990 to 2010 and 210-240 DALYs among females. Strict drug policies in Nordic countries have not prevented an increase in some countries, so policies need to be reviewed.
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| 2. |
- Ahorsu, Daniel Kwasi, et al.
(författare)
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Associations Between Fear of COVID-19, Mental Health, and Preventive Behaviours Across Pregnant Women and Husbands : An Actor-Partner Interdependence Modelling
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. - : Springer. - 1557-1874 .- 1557-1882. ; 20, s. 68-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present cross-sectional study examined the actor-partner interdependence effect of fear of COVID-19 among Iranian pregnant women and their husbands and its association with their mental health and preventive behaviours during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. A total of 290 pregnant women and their husbands (N = 580) were randomly selected from a list of pregnant women in the Iranian Integrated Health System and were invited to respond to psychometric scales assessing fear of COVID-19, depression, anxiety, suicidal intention, mental quality of life, and COVID-19 preventive behaviours. The findings demonstrated significant dyadic relationships between husbands and their pregnant wives' fear of COVID-19, mental health, and preventive behaviours. Pregnant wives' actor effect of fear of COVID-19 was significantly associated with depression, suicidal intention, mental quality of life, and COVID-19 preventive behaviours but not anxiety. Moreover, a husband actor effect of fear of COVID-19 was significantly associated with depression, anxiety, suicidal intention, mental quality of life, and COVID-19 preventive behaviours. Additionally, there were significant partner effects observed for both the pregnant wives and their husbands concerning all outcomes. The present study used a cross-sectional design and so is unable to determine the mechanism or causal ordering of the effects. Also, the data are mainly based on self-reported measures which have some limitations due to its potential for social desirability and recall biases. Based on the findings, couples may benefit from psychoeducation that focuses on the effect of mental health problems on pregnant women and the foetus.
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| 3. |
- Ahorsu, Daniel K., et al.
(författare)
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The Fear of COVID-19 Scale : Development and Initial Validation
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. - : Springer. - 1557-1874 .- 1557-1882. ; 20, s. 1537-1545
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The emergence of the COVID-19 and its consequences has led to fears, worries, and anxiety among individuals worldwide. The present study developed the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) to complement the clinical efforts in preventing the spread and treating of COVID-19 cases.Methods: The sample comprised 717 Iranian participants. The items of the FCV-19S were constructed based on extensive review of existing scales on fears, expert evaluations, and participant interviews. Several psychometric tests were conducted to ascertain its reliability and validity properties.Results: After panel review and corrected item-total correlation testing, seven items with acceptable corrected item-total correlation (0.47 to 0.56) were retained and further confirmed by significant and strong factor loadings (0.66 to 0.74). Also, other properties evaluated using both classical test theory and Rasch model were satisfactory on the seven-item scale. More specifically, reliability values such as internal consistency (α =.82) and test–retest reliability (ICC =.72) were acceptable. Concurrent validity was supported by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (with depression, r = 0.425 and anxiety, r = 0.511) and the Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Scale (with perceived infectability, r = 0.483 and germ aversion, r = 0.459).Conclusion: The Fear of COVID-19 Scale, a seven-item scale, has robust psychometric properties. It is reliable and valid in assessing fear of COVID-19 among the general population and will also be useful in allaying COVID-19 fears among individuals.
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| 4. |
- Akbari, Mehdi, et al.
(författare)
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The Persian Exercise Addiction Inventory—Adult and Youth Versions : Psychometric Properties Based on Rasch Analysis Among Iranians
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. - : Springer. - 1557-1874 .- 1557-1882. ; 21, s. 3376-3392
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exercise addiction is a morbid-compulsive behavioral pattern characterized by a loss of control over exercise and which results in major detrimental consequences in the affected individual’s life. Although the condition is not formally recognized in official psychiatric texts, exercise addiction can lead to clinical impairment of everyday activities just like other more traditional addictions. This has led to the development of many instruments to assess exercise addiction. One of the most widely used instruments is the Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI) which has been translated into a number of languages and has separate versions of the scale for adults and adolescents (i.e., the EAI-Y for youth). However, there are currently no Persian versions. Therefore, the present study translated the EAI into Persian and assessed its psychometric properties using Rasch analysis among both Iranian adults (n = 745, age range = 19–30 years, 60.53% female) and Iranian adolescents (n = 562, age range = 13–18 years, 62.45% female). An online survey was used to collect data from September to November 2021. Confirmatory factor analyses and the Rasch analyses confirmed the unidimensional structure of the EAIs and good reliability using the Omega coefficient (.71 to.72). Also, separation reliability on item, scale, and person-level was established, along with supported measurement invariance, demonstrating that EAI can discriminate individuals on a high or low level of exercise addiction independent of their age and gender. Overall, the Persian EAI demonstrated sound psychometrics in screening for exercise addiction among Iranian adults and adolescents.
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| 5. |
- Berglund, Kristina, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Can a History of Childhood Trauma Impact the Effectiveness of Treatment in Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorders? A 2.5- and 5-Year Follow-up
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. - 1557-1874 .- 1557-1882.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experienced childhood trauma (CT) is prevalent in individuals with alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Few studies examine how experienced CT affects alcohol-treatment outcome. This study accordingly investigates whether experienced CT independently affects treatment outcome 2.5- and 5-years post-treatment, controlling for other significant variables, such as self-efficacy, self-directedness, and mental health. Participants (n = 349) with AUDs (without severe psychiatric comorbidity or drug dependence) were recruited from three alcohol-treatment settings and followed up 2.5- and 5 years after treatment initiation. The group with experienced CT had more mental health problems, less self-efficacy, and less self-directedness. Multiple and logistic regressions were conducted using the outcome variables total number of DSM-IV criteria and abstinence. The results indicated that CT did not independently affect treatment outcome. Individuals with AUDs and experienced CT benefitted the same from alcohol treatment as those without such experience; however, studies should also examine groups with AUD and psychiatric comorbidity.
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| 6. |
- Berman, Anne H., et al.
(författare)
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Counselor and Drug Detox Inpatient Verbal Behaviors in a Single Session of Motivational Interviewing and Subsequent Substance Use-Related Patient Outcomes
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. - : Springer. - 1557-1874 .- 1557-1882. ; 17:1, s. 73-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Effects of counselor and client verbal behaviors, in a single motivational interviewing (MI) session during inpatient detoxification, were evaluated in relation to 17 study participants' self-reported drug use 3 months later. Also, counselor-to-client transitions in the single MI session were explored for 24 participants, using the Motivational Interviewing Sequential Code for Observing Process Exchanges (MI-SCOPE) coding instrument. Surprisingly, counselor neutral/double-sided reflections predicted lower levels of drug use (r = -0.42), higher treatment interest (r = 0.40), and self-efficacy for abstaining from drug use when experiencing positive feelings (r=0.48) and negative feelings or craving (r = 0.40). Client change talk predicted motivation to change (r = 0.42) and perceptions of negative aspects of drug use (r = 0.44), while higher levels of client sustain talk predicted lower levels of drug use (r = -0.45) and lower interest in treatment (r = -0.68). The counselor-client transition analysis showed an odds ratio (OR) of 13.84 (95% CI 9.75; 19.66) for client change talk in response to counselor reflections on change talk (RCT), and an OR of 55.98 (95% CI 26.53; 118.12) for client sustain talk in response to counselor reflections on sustain talk (RST). Future research should increase sample size and extend follow-up.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Binde, Per, 1956
(författare)
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A mutual support group for young problem gamblers
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1557-1874 .- 1557-1882. ; 10:4, s. 524-536
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Swedish mutual support group for young problem gamblers is described and discussed. During the study period, 116 weekly meetings occurred, usually involving six to ten participants; in total, 69 problem gamblers (66 male and three female), aged 17–25, and 23 partners and friends attended the meetings. Half the gamblers had problems with Internet poker, one fifth with electronic gambling machines, and the rest with other forms of gambling and computer gaming. Nearly half the problem gamblers participated in under five mutual support meetings, while just over a third attended ten or more meetings. Gambling problems ceased or lessened among most participants in ten or more meetings. In some cases, attending just one or a few meetings had a positive impact on the problems. This mutual support group provides relatively effective help to adolescents and young adults with gambling problems, offering a valuable alternative and complement to professional treatment.
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| 9. |
- Binde, Per, 1956
(författare)
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A Swedish mutual support society of problem gamblers
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1557-1874 .- 1557-1882. ; 10:4, s. 512-523
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mutual support societies for problem gamblers have existed in Sweden for 20 years. They have helped more people with gambling problems than any other institution inside or outside the Swedish health care system. This paper outlines the background of these societies and describes the meetings of one of them. Data come from interviews with members of a local society and participation in mutual support meetings. It is argued that these mutual support societies provide help in a variety of ways and in all phases of recovery from gambling problems. In particular, they help people form personal narratives about the origin, progression, and resolution of their problems, narratives that give insight and guide recovery. These mutual support societies are valuable complements and alternatives to professional treatment.
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| 10. |
- Binde, Per, 1956
(författare)
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Exploring the impact of gambling advertising: An interview study of problem gamblers
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1557-1874 .- 1557-1882. ; 7:4, s. 541-554
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study qualitatively explored the impact of gambling advertising on problem gambling by interviewing twenty-five people with current or past gambling problems. Interviews were relatively long and involved the participants’ viewing numerous examples of gambling advertising. A quarter of the participants reported that gambling advertising had no impact on their problems, slightly over half of them reported that advertising had a marginal impact, and one fifth reported a tangible impact. However, none considered advertising to be a main cause of their gambling problems. The negative self-perceived impact was primarily that advertising triggered impulses to gamble. Advertising thus increased already high involvement in gambling and/or made it harder to stick to a decision to gamble less or not at all.
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