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- Azul, David, et al.
(författare)
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Supporting Well-Being in Gender-Diverse People : A Tutorial for Implementing Conceptual and Practical Shifts Toward Culturally Responsive, Person-Centered Care in Speech-Language Pathology
- 2022
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Ingår i: American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology. - 1558-9110. ; 31:4, s. 1574-1587
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Gender dysphoria is commonly conceptualized as a mental disorder in gender-diverse people who do not identify with the gender assigned to them at birth. Direct support for well-being tends to be delegated to the field of mental health (MH), whereas speech-language pathology (SLP) practice is charged with modifying gender-diverse people's voice and communication in the belief that well-being will improve as a byproduct. However, with the introduction of the minority stress model, gender dysphoria is now understood as the result of sociocultural processes of stigmatization, pathologization, coping, and resilience, and it is to be addressed by all professions providing transgender health services. The purposes of this tutorial are to examine practices in SLP in light of the current conceptualization of gender dysphoria and guide speech-language pathologists in their role in supporting the well-being of gender-diverse people.Method: We reviewed the SLP and MH literature in the topic area to compare the two disciplines' conceptualizations and approaches to professional support for gender-diverse people.Results: We propose a transdisciplinary, person-centered, and culturally responsive approach to SLP practice that directly attends to minority stress, microaggressions, coping skills, and resilience factors.Conclusions: It is not sufficient for speech-language pathologists to delegate support for well-being in gender-diverse people to MH practitioners. Rather, speech-language pathologists need to be proactive in taking responsibility for supporting their clients' well-being based on each individual clinician's knowledge, skills, and capacity to do so. We recommend addressing barriers and facilitators of gender-diverse people's well-being both within SLP as a professional culture and by adapting the clinician's own professional practice.
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| 2. |
- Dyson, Bronwen, et al.
(författare)
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A Developmental Approach to Assessing and Treating Agrammatic Aphasia
- 2022
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Ingår i: American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology. - : American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. - 1058-0360 .- 1558-9110. ; 31:3, s. 1188-1204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: There is mounting evidence that the agrammatism that defines Broca's aphasia can be explained in processing terms. However, the extant approach simply describes agrammatism as disparate deficits in a static, mature system. This tutorial aims to motivate and outline a developmental alternative. This alternative is processability theory (PT), a root-to-apex theory of language development, with its origins in the field of second language acquisition, which can connect the findings of aphasia research.Method: This tutorial critically reviews research on agrammatism as a language deficit, a representational deficit, and a processing phenomenon. Given evidence from research applying PT to language disorders, this tutorial outlines PT's multidimensional architecture of language processing. Using an emergence (onset) criterion, PT predicts fixed developmental stages in word order (syntax) and inflection (morphology) and individual differences in the timing of syntax and morphology. To link PT to agrammatism, this theory's applications to diagnosis and teaching are overviewed, and a case study of five individuals with moderate agrammatism is presented.Results: Analysis showed that all individuals were positioned in the early PT stages and differed in their timing of syntax and morphology consistent with theoretical predictions.Conclusions: Evidence from the case study suggests that, although agrammatism results from neural damage and associated language loss, the processing procedures necessary for relearning remain and can be exploited for recovery. A program of diagnosis and intervention is proposed, and future research directions are discussed.
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| 3. |
- Samson, Ineke, et al.
(författare)
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“I Just Want People to Think I'm Normal” : An Interview Study of Young Swedish Women With Covert Stuttering
- 2023
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Ingår i: American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology. - : American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. - 1058-0360 .- 1558-9110. ; 32:5, s. 2192-2210
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Research indicates that there is a tendency for females who stutter, more often than males, to use coping strategies that involve covering their stutter, for example, by avoiding situations that require verbal participation. The aim of the study is to increase knowledge about how covert stuttering develops and its impact on self-image and quality of life for women who stutter.Method: Eleven young women who stutter covertly were interviewed, and data were subjected to qualitative content analysis. Background information was obtained from the self-report instruments measuring the impact of stuttering on different aspects of life (Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experiences of Stuttering) and degree of perceived social anxiety (Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, Self-Report).Results: Three main themes were identified: (a) managing stuttering, (b) personal aspects, and (c) stuttering as a phenomenon. Shame and a desire to fit in emerged as distinct motives for covering stuttering. The women described that stuttering controlled both life choices and everyday life. Development of self-image had been strongly negatively affected, resulting in social anxiety. The women expressed a particular vulnerability of being a woman who stutters, due to societal norms of female behavior and a lack of female role models who stutter.Conclusions: The choice of coping strategy was motivated by a desire to " be normal." As aresult, stuttering had cometodominatelifeand affect self-image and life choices. The study highlights the importance for clinicians to be alert to and aware of the fact that the experiences of women who stutter can lead them to develop coping strategies that have far-reaching negative consequences.
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| 5. |
- Solot, Cynthia B, et al.
(författare)
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Speech-Language Disorders in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: Best Practices for Diagnosis and Management.
- 2019
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Ingår i: American journal of speech-language pathology. - 1558-9110. ; 28:3, s. 984-999
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose Speech and language disorders are hallmark features of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22qDS). Learning disabilities, cognitive deficits, palate abnormalities, velopharyngeal dysfunction, behavioral differences, and various medical and psychiatric conditions are also major features of this syndrome. The goal of this document is to summarize the state of the art of current clinical and scientific knowledge regarding 22qDS for speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and provide recommendations for clinical management. Method Best practices for management of individuals with 22qDS were developed by consensus of an expert international group of SLPs and researchers with expertise in 22qDS. These care recommendations are based on the authors' research, clinical experience, and literature review. Results This document describes the features of 22qDS as well as evaluation procedures, treatment protocols, and associated management recommendations for SLPs for the often complex communication disorders present in this population. Conclusion Early diagnosis and appropriate management of speech-language disorders in 22qDS is essential to optimize outcomes and to minimize the long-term effects of communication impairments. Knowledge of this diagnosis also allows anticipatory care and guidance regarding associated features for families, health care, and educational professionals.
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| 6. |
- Svec, Jan G., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for Selecting Microphones for Human Voice Production Research
- 2010
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Ingår i: American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology. - : American Speech Language Hearing Association. - 1058-0360 .- 1558-9110. ; 19:4, s. 356-368
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: This tutorial addresses fundamental characteristics of microphones (frequency response, frequency range, dynamic range, and directionality), which are important for accurate measurements of voice and speech. Method: Technical and voice literature was reviewed and analyzed. The following recommendations on desirable microphone characteristics were formulated: The frequency response of microphones should be flat (i.e., variation of less than 2 dB) within the frequency range between the lowest expected fundamental frequency of voice and the highest spectral component of interest. The equivalent noise level of the microphones is recommended to be at least 15 dB lower than the sound level of the softest phonations. The upper limit of the dynamic range of the microphone should be above the sound level of the loudest phonations. Directional microphones should be placed at the distance that corresponds to their maximally flat frequency response, to avoid the proximity effect; otherwise, they will be unsuitable for spectral and level measurements. Numerical values for these recommendations were derived for the microphone distances of 30 cm and 5 cm. Conclusions: The recommendations, while preliminary and in need of further numerical justification, should provide the basis for better accuracy and repeatability of studies on voice and speech production in the future.
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