| 1. |
- Abalaka, Jacinta, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic diversity and population structure of the range restricted rock firefinch Lagonosticta sanguinodorsalis
- 2015
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Ingår i: Conservation Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1566-0621 .- 1572-9737. ; 16:2, s. 411-418
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the degree of genetic population differentiation is important in conservation genetics for inferring gene flow between populations and for identifying small and isolated threatened populations. We evaluated the genetic variation within and between three populations of the rock firefinch (Lagonosticta sanguinodorsalis), a range restricted firefinch endemic to Nigeria and Cameroon. The populations were closely located (c. 100 km apart) within the species' core distribution in Central Nigeria. We found that the populations had similar levels of gene diversities (H (E) ) and low but significant inbreeding coefficients (F (IS) ). Despite the short distance between populations there was a weak but significant population structure, which indicates that the populations are somewhat isolated and affected by drift within the species' core distribution in Nigeria. The knowledge of the genetic status of the rock firefinch will serve as a foundation to future studies to help understand population demography and for managing and maintaining viable populations.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Anastasia, et al.
(författare)
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Complex genetic diversity patterns of cryptic, sympatric brown trout (Salmo trutta) populations in tiny mountain lakes
- 2017
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Ingår i: Conservation Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1566-0621 .- 1572-9737. ; 18:5, s. 1213-1227
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intraspecific genetic variation can have similar effects as species diversity on ecosystem function; understanding such variation is important, particularly for ecological key species. The brown trout plays central roles in many northern freshwater ecosystems, and several cases of sympatric brown trout populations have been detected in freshwater lakes based on apparent morphological differences. In some rare cases, sympatric, genetically distinct populations lacking visible phenotypic differences have been detected based on genetic data alone. Detecting such cryptic sympatric populations without prior grouping of individuals based on phenotypic characteristics is more difficult statistically, though. The aim of the present study is to delineate the spatial connectivity of two cryptic, sympatric genetic clusters of brown trout discovered in two interconnected, tiny subarctic Swedish lakes. The structures were detected using allozyme markers, and have been monitored over time. Here, we confirm their existence for almost three decades and report that these cryptic, sympatric populations exhibit very different connectivity patterns to brown trout of nearby lakes. One of the clusters is relatively isolated while the other one shows high genetic similarity to downstream populations. There are indications of different spawning sites as reflected in genetic structuring among parr from different creeks. We used > 3000 SNPs on a subsample and find that the SNPs largely confirm the allozyme pattern but give considerably lower F (ST) values, and potentially indicate further structuring within populations. This type of complex genetic substructuring over microgeographical scales might be more common than anticipated and needs to be considered in conservation management.
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| 3. |
- Andreasen, Katarina
(författare)
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Implications of molecular systematic analyses on the conservation of rare and threatened taxa : contrasting examples from Malvaceae
- 2005
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Ingår i: Conservation Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1566-0621 .- 1572-9737. ; 6:3, s. 399-412
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Systematic research provides essential evidence for setting conservation priorities for rare and endangered taxa. Phylogenetic analyses can identify cryptic, genetically distinct lineages as well as actively interbreeding, and hence, non-distinctive lineages earlier perceived as separate taxa. A major aim of this study was to identify genetically distinct, rare lineages within two Malvaceae sister-genera, Sidalcea and Eremalche. The focus was two taxon-pairs each consisting of one rare and one more common taxon. The results demonstrate that even within two closely related genera, with a large number of rare taxa, molecular phylogenetic analyses can reveal contrasting degrees of evolutionary divergence and thus contrasting conservation implications for threatened taxa. Contrary to expectations, the substitution rate in the nuclear ribosomal transcribed spacers for annualEremalche did not correspond to the faster evolutionary rate of annuals – compared to perennials – detected earlier within Sidalcea. Branch lengths in the (annual) Eremalche clade were shorter than those of annual members of Sidalcea. The phylogenetic analyses showed that the rare and endangered S. keckii and E. kernensis each are most closely related to a common species that has been regarded as insufficiently distinct to warrant separate taxonomic status. An additional aim of the study was to test the utility of the Phylogenetic Diversity (PD) measure to formalize the procedure of prioritizing conservation efforts. The measure demonstrated S. keckii (but not E. kernensis) to be genetically distinct from its closest relative and a good candidate for conservation. The PD measure was earlier used for assessing conservation priorities for areas, but proved useful to more objectively suggest conservation priorities among threatened taxa. Because this measure is calculated directly from the data, it retains more character information and gives a better representation of genetic diversity than other measures relying on tree topologies.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Arrendal, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability of noninvasive genetic census of otters compared to field censuses
- 2007
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Ingår i: Conservation Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1566-0621 .- 1572-9737. ; 8:5, s. 1097-1107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conservation and management actions are often highly dependent on accurate estimations of population sizes. However, these estimates are difficult to obtain for elusive and rare species. We compared two census methods for Eurasian otter: snow tracking and noninvasive genetic census based on the genotyping of faecal samples. With the noninvasive genetic census we detected the presence of almost twice as many otters as with snow tracking (23 and 10–15, respectively), and mark-recapture estimates based on the genetic census indicated that the real number of otters could be even higher. Our results indicate that snow tracking tends to underestimate the number of individuals and also that it is more susceptible to subjective assessment. We compared the strengths and weaknesses of the two methods.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Bererhi, Badreddine, et al.
(författare)
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Inconsistent inbreeding effects during lizard ontogeny
- 2019
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Ingår i: Conservation Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1566-0621 .- 1572-9737. ; 20:4, s. 865-874
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reported effects of inbreeding vary among taxa and may depend on a number of factors, including what trait is measured, temporal variability, parental effects, or life history stage. To understand the effects of inbreeding during early life history stages, we estimated the effects of individual-level heterozygosity on hatching success and first year survival in a Swedish population of sand lizards (Lacerta agilis) over a period of almost a decade, using over 4000 eggs, 400 clutches, and over 3000 juveniles. Heterozygosity had a positive effect on hatching success, in standardized laboratory conditions, but no effect on first year survival. Also, both of these measures of viability varied across the years of the study, demonstrating the importance of temporal heterogeneity in pre and post-hatching conditions. Finally, we identified both paternal and maternal identity effects on hatching success. Thus, we show that selection on heterozygosity was not consistent across developmental life stages, emphasizing the need of considering a number of ontogenic stages, as well as potential parental and environmental effects, when studying the effects of heterozygosity on viability in natural populations.
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| 8. |
- Besnier, Francois, et al.
(författare)
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Applying QTL analysis to conservation genetics
- 2010
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Ingår i: Conservation Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1566-0621 .- 1572-9737. ; 11, s. 399-408
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Both analytical and molecular tools currently exist that can be used to prolifically apply quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis to the study of natural populations. In this communication, we review and exemplify the use of QTL mapping tools and genetic modeling for conservation geneticists. We simulate populations inspired by relevant cases that can be encountered in the field and analyze them using the recently developed flexible intercross analysis (FIA) method. We then reanalyze these results with the also recently developed natural and orthogonal interactions (NOIA) model of genetic effects. Next, we further exemplify the potential of genetic modeling for the interpretation of the output of QTL analyses by reviewing studies on hybrids between wild individuals and their domesticated relatives. Based on the results here presented we emphasize several points that are pertinent in conservation genetics including (i) the advantages of FIA as a powerful tool to be applied to line crosses in which the parental lines are not inbred, (ii) the importance of obtaining estimates of genetic effects that are adequate to address the research issue under consideration, (iii) the versatility of genetic modeling, particularly NOIA, to dissect complex genetic architectures and (iv) the possibility of using currently available methods to address non-equilibrium multiallelic systems.
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| 9. |
- Björnerfeldt, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of methods for single hair DNA amplification
- 2007
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Ingår i: Conservation Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1566-0621 .- 1572-9737. ; 8:4, s. 977-981
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Because of the low amount of DNA in single hairs, it may be difficult to obtain reliable genotypes for forensic and conservation genetics studies. We therefore compared different methods for reliably genotyping single hair samples. Our results indicate that preliminary whole genome amplification can increase the likelihood of successfully genotyping a single hair compared to other commonly used protocols. The difference between the methods is small for single locus comparisons, but it becomes more important in multi-locus comparisons. The economic and time costs of the whole genome amplification may prevent its large-scale use in non-invasive monitoring programs. Nevertheless, it may be a very useful approach for the analysis of especially valuable samples.
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| 10. |
- Bodare, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Fine- and local- scale genetic structure of Dysoxylum malabaricum, a late-successional canopy tree species in disturbed forest patches in the Western Ghats, India
- 2017
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Ingår i: Conservation Genetics. - : SPRINGER. - 1566-0621 .- 1572-9737. ; 18:1, s. 1-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dysoxylum malabaricum (white cedar) is an economically important tree species, endemic to the Western Ghats, India, which is the world's most densely populated biodiversity hotspot. In this study, we used variation at ten nuclear simple sequence repeat loci to investigate genetic diversity and fine scale spatial genetic structure (FSGS) in seedlings and adults of D. malabaricum from four forest patches in the northern part of the Western Ghats. When genetic variation was compared between seedlings and adults across locations, significant differences were detected in allelic richness, observed heterozygosity, fixation index (F (IS)), and relatedness (P < 0.05). Reduced genetic diversity and increased relatedness at the seedling stage might be due to fragmentation and disturbance. There was no FSGS at the adult stage and FSGS was limited to shorter distance classes at the seedling stage. However, there was clear spatial genetic structure at the landscape level (< 50 km), regardless of age class, due to limited gene flow between forest patches. A comparison of the distributions of size classes in the four locations with published data from a more southern area, showed that large trees (diameter at breast height, DBH, > 130 cm) are present in the southern sacred forests but not in the northern forest reserves. This pattern is likely due to stronger harvesting pressure in the north compared to the south, because in the north there are no cultural taboos regulating the extraction of natural resources. The implications for forest conservation in this biodiversity hotspot are discussed.
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