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- Alm, Ann-Sophie, et al.
(author)
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Variation of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in eight strains of mice.
- 2010
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In: Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-1519 .- 1569-9048. ; 171, s. 157-164
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Clinical and experimental evidence suggests that genetic variations may play an important role in the development of acute lung injury (ALI). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI models has been widely applied for pathophysiological and pharmacological research. In order to understand the variation of acute pulmonary reactions between mouse strains and find the optimal strain for target-oriented study, the present study investigated the alterations of acute lung hyperinflation, inflammation and injury in C57BL/6J, Balb/cJ, DBA/1J, CD-1, NMRI, DBA/2J, A/J and C3H/HeN mice after the intra-tracheal challenge with LPS. We found that LPS-induced ALI varied between measured variables, durations and strains. General score of LPS-induced acute lung hyperinflation, inflammation and edema followed the order CD-1, A/J, Balb/c, DBA/2J, C57BL/6J, DBA/1J, NMRI, C3H/HeN mice at 4h, and CD-1, C57BL/6J, Balb/c, C3H/HeN, NMRI, A/J, DBA/2J, DBA/1 mice at 24h. Thus, these data provide useful information to select sensitive or resistant strain mouse for understanding genetic variation of pathogenesis and screening of target-oriented drugs.
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- Andersson, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Pulmonary gas exchange is reduced by the cardiovascular diving response in resting humans
- 2008
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In: Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1569-9048 .- 1878-1519. ; 160:3, s. 320-324
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The diving response reduces the pulmonary O2 uptake in exercising humans, but it has been debated whether this effect is present at rest. Therefore, respiratory and cardiovascular responses were recorded in 16 resting subjects, performing apnea in air and apnea with face immersion in cold water (10 ◦C). Duration of apneas were predetermined to be identical in both conditions (average: 145 s) and based on individual maximal capacity (average: 184 s). Compared to apnea in air, an augmented diving response was elicited by apnea with face immersion. The O2 uptake from the lungs was reduced compared to the resting eupneic control (4.6 ml min−1 kg−1), during apnea in air (3.6 ml min−1 kg−1) and even more so during apnea with face immersion (3.4 ml min−1 kg -1). We conclude that the cardiovascular djustments of the diving response reduces pulmonary gas exchange in resting humans, allowing longer apneas by preserving the lungs’ O2 store for use by vital organs.
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- Aucoin, Rachelle, et al.
(author)
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Impact of trigeminal and/or olfactory nerve stimulation on measures of inspiratory neural drive : Implications for breathlessness
- 2023
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In: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1569-9048. ; 311
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The perception of breathlessness is mechanistically linked to the awareness of increased inspiratory neural drive (IND). Stimulation of upper airway cold receptors on the trigeminal nerve (TGN) with TGN agonists such as menthol or cool air to the face/nose has been hypothesized to reduce breathlessness by decreasing IND. The aim of this systematic scoping review was to identify and summarize the results of studies in animals and humans reporting on the impact of TGN stimulation or blockade on measures of IND. Thirty-one studies were identified, including 19 in laboratory animals and 12 in human participants. Studies in laboratory animals consistently reported that as TGN activity increased, measures of IND decreased (e.g., phrenic nerve activity). In humans, stimulation of the TGN with a stream of cool air to the face/nose decreased the sensitivity of the ventilatory chemoreflex response to hypercapnia. Otherwise, TGN stimulation with menthol or cool air to the face/note had no effect on measures of IND in humans. This review provides new insight into a potential neural mechanism of breathlessness relief with selected TGN agonists.
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- Aucoin, Rachelle, et al.
(author)
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Impact of trigeminal nerve and/or olfactory nerve stimulation on activity of human brain regions involved in the perception of breathlessness
- 2023
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In: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1569-9048. ; 311
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Breathlessness is a centrally processed symptom, as evidenced by activation of distinct brain regions such as the insular cortex and amygdala, during the anticipation and/or perception of breathlessness. Inhaled L-menthol or blowing cool air to the face/nose, both selective trigeminal nerve (TGN) stimulants, relieve breathlessness without concurrent improvements in physiological outcomes (e.g., breathing pattern), suggesting a possible but hitherto unexplored central mechanism of action. Four databases were searched to identify published reports supporting a link between TGN stimulation and activation of brain regions involved in the anticipation and/or perception of breathlessness. The collective results of the 29 studies demonstrated that TGN stimulation activated 12 brain regions widely implicated in the anticipation and/or perception of breathlessness, including the insular cortex and amygdala. Inhaled L-menthol or cool air to the face activated 75% and 33% of these 12 brain regions, respectively. Our findings support the hypothesis that TGN stimulation contributes to breathlessness relief by altering the activity of brain regions involved in its central neural processing.
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- Ax, M., et al.
(author)
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Regional lung ventilation in humans during hypergravity studied with quantitative SPECT
- 2013
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In: Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1569-9048 .- 1878-1519. ; 189:3, s. 558-564
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recently we challenged the view that arterial desaturation during hypergravity is caused by redistribution of blood flow to dependent lung regions by demonstrating a paradoxical redistribution of blood flow towards non-dependent regions. We have now quantified regional ventilation in 10 healthy supine volunteers at normal and three times normal gravity (1G and 3G). Regional ventilation was measured with Technegas (Tc-99m) and quantitative single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Hypergravity caused arterial desaturation, mean decrease 8%, p<0.05 vs. 1G. The ratio for mean ventilation per voxel for non-dependent and dependent lung regions was 0.81+/-0.12 during 1G and 1.63+/-0.35 during 3G (mean+/-SD), p<0.0001. Thus, regional ventilation was shifted from dependent to non-dependent regions. We suggest that arterial desaturation during hypergravity is caused by quantitatively different redistributions of blood flow and ventilation. To our knowledge, this is the first study presenting high-resolution measurements of regional ventilation in humans breathing normally during hypergravity.
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- Bergmann, Astrid, et al.
(author)
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Early and late effects of remote ischemic preconditioning on spirometry and gas exchange in healthy volunteers
- 2020
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In: Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1569-9048 .- 1878-1519. ; 271
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIP) may protect remote organs from ischemia-reperfusion-injury (IRI) in surgical and non-surgical patients. There are few data available on RIP and lung function, especially not in healthy volunteers. The null-hypothesis was tested that RIP does not have an effect on pulmonary function when applied on healthy volunteers that were breathing spontaneously and did not experience any intervention. After approval of the Ethics Committee and informed consent of the study subjects, 28 healthy non-smoking volunteers were included and randomized in either the RIP group (n = 13) or the control group (n = 15). In the RIP group, lower limb ischemia was induced by inflation of a blood pressure cuff to a pressure 20 mmHg above the systolic blood pressure. After five minutes the blood pressure cuff was released for five minutes rest. The procedure was repeated three times resulting in 40 min ischemia and reperfusion. Capillary blood samples were taken, and lung function tests were performed at baseline (T1) and 60 min (T2) and 24 h (T3) after RIP. The control group was treated in the same fashion, but the RIP procedure was replaced by a sham protocol.Results: 60 min after RIP capillary pO(2) decreased significantly and returned to baseline level after 24 h in the RIP group. This did not occur in the control group. Capillary pCO(2), variables of lung function tests and pulmonary capillary blood volume remained unchanged throughout the experiment in both groups.Conclusion: Oxygenation is impaired early after RIP which is possibly induced by transient ventilation-perfusion inequality. No late effects of RIP were observed. The null hypothesis has to be rejected that RIP has no effect on respiratory variables in healthy volunteers.
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