| 1. |
- Adamsson, Åsa, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement and three-dimensional simulation of flow in a rectangular detention tank
- 2005
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Ingår i: Urban Water Journal. - 1744-9006 .- 1573-062X. ; 2:4, s. 277-287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are two main ways to obtain better knowledge of the hydraulics of ponds, namelymeasurements and simulations. In this study, the applicability of using three-dimensionalsimulations as an engineering tool in stormwater pond design was investigated. To dothis, three-dimensional simulations were compared with measurements of flow patternand residence time in a large physical model of a detention tank (13 x 9x 1 m). Theagreement between measurements and simulations concerning both flow pattern andresidence time distribution curves was found to be good for high flow rates.
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| 2. |
- Al-Rubaei, Ahmed, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term hydraulic performance of stormwater infiltration systems
- 2015
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Ingår i: Urban Water Journal. - 1573-062X. ; 12:8, s. 660-671
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the common use of stormwater infiltration systems, there is still only limited data available evaluating the long-term hydraulic function of such systems. The hydraulic performance of twelve stormwater infiltration systems (vegetated and unvegetated concrete grid pavers, unvegetated interlocking concrete pavers and grassed swales) was therefore investigated in field and laboratory environments in Växjö, Sweden. The systems investigated had not been subjected to regular maintenance to sustain infiltration capacity. Due to this, and the fact that, for most systems, an inappropriate joint filling material was used and (at the swales) there was severe compaction, most systems showed a reduced infiltration capacity. Despite this, especially the older vegetated systems, were still capable of infiltrating intense design rainfalls. This study showed the influence of some factors (type and age of the system, the type of joint filling material (grass and macadam) and the distance from the edge of the pavement) on the long-term behaviour of the infiltration capacity. In conclusion, there is a significant risk that existing stormwater infiltration systems are not working adequately in praxis. Proper implementation of construction and regular control by the inspecting authority has to be ensured.
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| 3. |
- Bengtsson, Lars
(författare)
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Wetland systems to control urban runoff
- 2007
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Ingår i: Urban Water Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-9006 .- 1573-062X. ; 4:2, s. 133-133
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Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Berggren, Karolina, et al.
(författare)
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Climate changed rainfalls for urban drainage capacity assessment
- 2014
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Ingår i: Urban Water Journal. - 1573-062X. ; 11:7, s. 543-556
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Guidance on what type of rainfall to use when assessing hydraulic capacity of urban drainage systems under climate change is unclear; focus is mainly on what climate factors to use. Based on a case study in Kalmar, Sweden, this paper compares system performance using two design rainfalls, Block rainfalls and Chicago Design Storm (CDS), and selected observed rainfalls, with two methods of addressing future climate: a constant factor and Delta Change (DC) factors that depend on rainfall intensity. The use of CDS rainfalls presents the maximum hydraulic response, whereas Block rainfalls give lower responses but identify critical durations in the system, which may be useful addressing adaptation actions. Observed rainfalls of target return periods gave similar responses to CDS rainfalls, and can be applied with DC factors to address future changes in both intensity and volume. Differences between the two methods indicate a high dependence related to the maximum factors applied on the rainfalls
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| 5. |
- Blecken, Godecke-Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Stormwater control measure (SCM) maintenance considerations to ensure designed functionality
- 2017
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Ingår i: Urban Water Journal. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1573-062X. ; 14:3, s. 278-290
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Great investment is made in the design and installation of stormwater control measures (SCMs). Substantial research investment, too, is made to optimise the performance of SCMs. However, once installed, SCMs often suffer from lack of maintenance or even outright neglect. Key maintenance needs for wet ponds, constructed stormwater wetlands, bioretention, infiltration practices, permeable pavement, swales, and rainwater harvesting systems are reviewed with many tasks, such as the cleaning of pre-treatment areas and the preservation of infiltration surfaces, being common maintenance themes among SCMs. Consequences of lacking maintenance are illustrated (mainly insufficient function or failure). Probable reasons for neglect include insufficient communication, unclear responsibilities, lack of knowledge, financial barriers, and decentralised measures. In future designs and research, maintenance (and lack thereof) should be considered. Assessing the performance of SCMs conservatively and including safety factors may prevent consequences of under-maintenance; and requiring regular inspection may help to enforce sufficient maintenance.
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| 6. |
- Borris, Matthias, et al.
(författare)
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Snow pollution management in urban areas: an idea whose time has come?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Urban Water Journal. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1573-062X .- 1744-9006. ; 18:10, s. 840-849
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Needs for extending the principles of a sustainable urban drainage approach to the winter season with snow and pollutant accumulations have been so far unanswered. One of the first steps to remedy this situation is to make available a prototype snow management tool (PSMT) described herein. It is a simple empirical spreadsheet tool, as yet untested, which uses generally available input data to simulate accumulation of snow (as snow water equivalent) and pollutants in an urban catchment, intermittent snowmelt episodes, and snow management options including in situ melting, removal from the catchment, treatment of snowmelt by settling, and snow disposal in the receiving waters. The tool output comprises snow and the selected pollutant mass balances, and pollutant concentrations in snowmelt from individual snow deposits. Such data provide decision support for choosing the methods of disposal for individual snow deposits. The testing and refinement of the tool is planned.
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| 7. |
- Broekhuizen, Ico, et al.
(författare)
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Reducing uncertainties in urban drainage models by explicitly accounting for timing errors in objective functions
- 2021
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Ingår i: Urban Water Journal. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1573-062X .- 1744-9006. ; 18:9, s. 740-749
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traditional hydrological objective functions may penalize models that reproduce hydrograph shapes well, but with some shift in time; especially for urban catchments with a fast hydrological response. Hydrograph timing is not always critical, so this paper investigates alternative objective functions (based on the Hydrograph Matching Algorithm) that try to mimic visual hydrograph comparison. A modified version of the Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation is proposed to compare regular objective functions with those that account for timing errors. This is applied to 2-year calibration and validation data sets from an urban catchment. Results show that such objective functions provide equally reliable model predictions (they envelop the same fraction of observations), but with more precision, i.e. smaller estimated uncertainty of model predictions. Additionally, identifiability of some model parameters improved. Therefore objective functions based on the Hydrograph Matching Algorithm can be useful to reduce uncertainties in urban drainage modelling.
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| 8. |
- Bäckström, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Transport of stormwater pollutants through a roadside grassed swale
- 2006
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Ingår i: Urban Water Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1573-062X .- 1744-9006. ; 3:2, s. 55-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Investigations of the pollutant trapping capability of a grassed swale receiving runoff from a road with a traffic intensity of 8,000 vehicles/day were carried out in central Luleå, Sweden. Transport and retention of suspended solids, particles and heavy metals (copper, lead and zinc) were analysed. The sampling was carried out during seven rain events. The results show that once pollutants are trapped in a grassed swale they are not permanently bound to vegetation or soil. A roadside grassed swale may be regarded as a stormwater treatment facility that attenuates the peaks in pollutant loads, without being capable of producing consistently high removal rates.
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| 9. |
- Cettner, Annicka, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable development and urban stormwater practice
- 2014
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Ingår i: Urban Water Journal. - 1573-062X. ; 11:3, s. 185-197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The traditional use of piped systems for stormwater management is increasingly criticized as being ‘unsustainable’. These systems are part of the water domain where much research has focused on sustainable development indicators to support decision-makers in selecting systems that are more sustainable. However, the interest in sustainable development indicators is low. This paper identifies conditions to engage the practitioners to inform their actions in regard to sustainable stormwater management. Empirical evidence has been obtained from interviews with water professionals from Swedish municipalities. The environmental-technical discourse of sustainable stormwater development is a strong barrier in the change process, to the neglect of the social aspects. In the interviews, reframing the discourse was possible in visions of future sustainable stormwater systems embracing green infrastructure. In action, primary conditions can support sustainable pathways in realizing this vision. The paper suggests further incentives for increased implementation of non-structural measures by developing the identified conditions.
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| 10. |
- Chowdhury, Rezaul K., et al.
(författare)
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Selection of the optimal alternative : rehabilitation of a regional drainage channel in Bangladesh
- 2009
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Ingår i: URBAN WATER JOURNAL. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1573-062X .- 1744-9006. ; 6:5, s. 395-405
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to the dynamic inter-relationship between human society and water resources, decision-making is a tricky task in water management sectors. In this study, multi-criteria analysis has been used as a decision support tool for the selection of a sustainable option in a regional channel improvement in Bangladesh. The Malnichara channel flows across the north-eastern divisional city of the country, and is responsible for storm water conveyance to the downstream Surma River. The channel was observed to be at risk due to anthropogenic activities such as encroachment, sewage and solid waste disposal and the filling up of natural depression basins. Using the multi-criteria analysis, three alternatives for channel improvement (sodding natural channel, lined natural channel and concrete box culvert) were evaluated with respect to ten indicators, grouped into four sustainability criteria (technical, economic, environmental and social). Sodding natural channel was found to be the optimal alternative, though the selection was sensitive to social criteria. Such a straightforward tool can efficiently be used to ensure sustainability of the channel through stakeholders' involvement in decision-making.
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