| 1. |
- Andréasson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Emotional Empathy and Facial Feedback
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of nonverbal behavior. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0191-5886 .- 1573-3653. ; 32:4, s. 215-224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We studied if emotional empathy is related to sensitivity to facial feedback. The participants, 112 students, rated themselves on the questionnaire measure of emotional empathy (QMEE) and were divided into one high and one low empathic group. Facial expressions were manipulated to produce a happy or a sulky expression. During the manipulation, participants rated humorous films with respect to funniness. These ratings were the dependent variable. No main effect of facial expression was found. However, a significant interaction between empathy and condition indicated that the high as compared to the low empathic group rated the films as being funnier in a happy condition and a tendency to be less funny in a sulky condition. On the basis of the present results we suggest emotional empathy to be one important and previously ignored factor to explain individual differences in effects of facial feedback.
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| 2. |
- Anikin, Andrey, et al.
(författare)
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Human Non-linguistic Vocal Repertoire : Call Types and Their Meaning
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-3653 .- 0191-5886. ; 42:1, s. 53-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent research on human nonverbal vocalizations has led to considerable progress in our understanding of vocal communication of emotion. However, in contrast to studies of animal vocalizations, this research has focused mainly on the emotional interpretation of such signals. The repertoire of human nonverbal vocalizations as acoustic types, and the mapping between acoustic and emotional categories, thus remain underexplored. In a cross-linguistic naming task (Experiment 1), verbal categorization of 132 authentic (non-acted) human vocalizations by English-, Swedish- and Russian-speaking participants revealed the same major acoustic types: laugh, cry, scream, moan, and possibly roar and sigh. The association between call type and perceived emotion was systematic but non-redundant: listeners associated every call type with a limited, but in some cases relatively wide, range of emotions. The speed and consistency of naming the call type predicted the speed and consistency of inferring the caller's emotion, suggesting that acoustic and emotional categorizations are closely related. However, participants preferred to name the call type before naming the emotion. Furthermore, nonverbal categorization of the same stimuli in a triad classification task (Experiment 2) was more compatible with classification by call type than by emotion, indicating the former's greater perceptual salience. These results suggest that acoustic categorization may precede attribution of emotion, highlighting the need to distinguish between the overt form of nonverbal signals and their interpretation by the perceiver. Both within- and between-call acoustic variation can then be modeled explicitly, bringing research on human nonverbal vocalizations more in line with the work on animal communication.
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| 3. |
- Bänziger, Tanja, et al.
(författare)
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Introducing the MiniPONS: A Short Multichannel Version of the Profile of Nonverbal Sensitivity (PONS).
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of nonverbal behavior. - 0191-5886 .- 1573-3653. ; 35:3, s. 189-204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite extensive research activity on the recognition of emotional expression, there are only few validated tests of individual differences in this competence (generally considered as part of nonverbal sensitivity and emotional intelligence). This paper reports the development of a short, multichannel, version (MiniPONS) of the established Profile of Nonverbal Sensitivity (PONS) test. The full test has been extensively validated in many different cultures, showing substantial correlations with a large range of outcome variables. The short multichannel version (64 items) described here correlates very highly with the full version and shows reasonable construct validity through significant correlations with other tests of emotion recognition ability. Based on these results, the role of nonverbal sensitivity as part of a latent trait of emotional competence is discussed and the MiniPONS is suggested as a convenient method to perform a rapid screening of this central socioemotional competence.
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| 4. |
- Bänziger, Tanja, et al.
(författare)
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The Role of Perceived Voice and Speech Characteristics in Vocal Emotion Communication.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of nonverbal behavior. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0191-5886 .- 1573-3653. ; 38:1, s. 31-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aiming at a more comprehensive assessment of nonverbal vocal emotion communication, this article presents the development and validation of a new rating instrument for the assessment of perceived voice and speech features. In two studies, using two different sets of emotion portrayals by German and French actors, ratings of perceived voice and speech characteristics (loudness, pitch, intonation, sharpness, articulation, roughness, instability, and speech rate) were obtained from non-expert (untrained) listeners. In addition, standard acoustic parameters were extracted from the voice samples. Overall, highly similar patterns of results were found in both studies. Rater agreement (reliability) reached highly satisfactory levels for most features. Multiple discriminant analysis results reveal that both perceived vocal features and acoustic parameters allow a high degree of differentiation of the actor-portrayed emotions. Positive emotions can be classified with a higher hit rate on the basis of perceived vocal features, confirming suggestions in the literature that it is difficult to find acoustic valence indicators. The results show that the suggested scales (Geneva Voice Perception Scales) can be reliably measured and make a substantial contribution to a more comprehensive assessment of the process of emotion inferences from vocal expression.
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| 5. |
- Dimberg, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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The Voluntary Facial Action Technique : A Method to Test the Facial Feedback Hypothesis
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of nonverbal behavior. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0191-5886 .- 1573-3653. ; 35:1, s. 17-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to the facial feedback hypothesis, facial muscles do not only express emotions, they also have the ability to modulate subjective experiences of emotions and to initiate emotions. This study examined the voluntary facial action technique, where participants were instructed to react with the Zygomatic major muscle (smile) or the Corrugator supercilii muscle (frown) when exposed to different stimuli. The results demonstrate that the technique effectively induces facial feedback effects. Through use of this technique we further addressed three important areas of facial feedback and found, first, that facial feedback did not modulate the experience of positive and negative emotion evoking stimuli differently. Second, the modulating ability provided significant feedback effects, while the initiating ability did not. Third, an effect of feedback remained and could be detected even some time after the critical manipulation. It is concluded that the present technique can be used in the future study of facial feedback.
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| 6. |
- Flykt, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring Emotion Recognition and the Understanding of Others’ Unspoken Thoughts and Feelings when Narrating Self-Experienced Emotional Events
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of nonverbal behavior. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0191-5886 .- 1573-3653. ; 45, s. 67-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emotion decoding competence can be addressed in different ways. In this study, clinical psychology, nursing, or social work students narrated a 2.5–3 min story about a self-experienced emotional event and also listened to another student’s story. Participants were video recorded during the session. Participants then annotated their own recordings regarding their own thoughts and feelings, and they rated recordings by other participants regarding their thoughts and feelings [empathic accuracy, EA, task]. Participants further completed two emotion recognition accuracy (ERA) tests that differed in complexity. The results showed that even though significant correlations were found between the emotion recognition tests, the tests did not positively predict empathic accuracy scores. These results raise questions regarding the extent to which ERA tests tap the competencies that underlie EA. Different possibilities to investigate the consequences of method choices are discussed.
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| 7. |
- Israelsson, Alexandra, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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Blended Emotions can be Accurately Recognized from Dynamic Facial and Vocal Expressions
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. - : Springer Nature. - 0191-5886 .- 1573-3653. ; 47:3, s. 267-284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- People frequently report feeling more than one emotion at the same time (i.e., blended emotions), but studies on nonverbal communication of such complex states remain scarce. Actors (N = 18) expressed blended emotions consisting of all pairwise combinations of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness – using facial gestures, body movement, and vocal sounds – with the intention that both emotions should be equally prominent in the resulting expression. Accuracy of blended emotion recognition was assessed in two preregistered studies using a combined forced-choice and rating scale task. For each recording, participants were instructed to choose two scales (out of 5 available scales: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness) that best described their perception of the emotional content and judge how clearly each of the two chosen emotions were perceived. Study 1 (N = 38) showed that all emotion combinations were accurately recognized from multimodal (facial/bodily/vocal) expressions, with significantly higher ratings on scales corresponding to intended vs. non-intended emotions. Study 2 (N = 51) showed that all emotion combinations were also accurately perceived when the recordings were presented in unimodal visual (facial/bodily) and auditory (vocal) conditions, although accuracy was lower in the auditory condition. To summarize, results suggest that blended emotions, including combinations of both same-valence and other-valence emotions, can be accurately recognized from dynamic facial/bodily and vocal expressions. The validated recordings of blended emotion expressions are freely available for research purposes.
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| 8. |
- Juslin, Patrik N, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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The Mirror to Our Soul? Comparisons of Spontaneous and Posed Vocal Expression of Emotion
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of nonverbal behavior. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0191-5886 .- 1573-3653. ; 42:1, s. 1-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been the subject of much debate in the study of vocal expression of emotions whether posed expressions (e.g., actor portrayals) are different from spontaneous expressions. In the present investigation, we assembled a new database consisting of 1877 voice clips from 23 datasets, and used it to systematically compare spontaneous and posed expressions across 3 experiments. Results showed that (a) spontaneous expressions were generally rated as more genuinely emotional than were posed expressions, even when controlling for differences in emotion intensity, (b) there were differences between the two stimulus types with regard to their acoustic characteristics, and (c) spontaneous expressions with a high emotion intensity conveyed discrete emotions to listeners to a similar degree as has previously been found for posed expressions, supporting a dose-response relationship between intensity of expression and discreteness in perceived emotions. Our conclusion is that there are reliable differences between spontaneous and posed expressions, though not necessarily in the ways commonly assumed. Implications for emotion theories and the use of emotion portrayals in studies of vocal expression are discussed.
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| 9. |
- Laukka, Petri, et al.
(författare)
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In a nervous voice : Acoustic analysis and perception of anxiety in social phobics' speech
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of nonverbal behavior. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0191-5886 .- 1573-3653. ; 32:4, s. 195-214
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the effects of anxiety on nonverbal aspects of speech using data collected in the framework of a large study of social phobia treatment. The speech of social phobics (N = 71) was recorded during an anxiogenic public speaking task both before and after treatment. The speech samples were analyzed with respect to various acoustic parameters related to pitch, loudness, voice quality, and temporal apsects of speech. The samples were further content-masked by low-pass filtering (which obscures the linguistic content of the speech but preserves nonverbal affective cues) and subjected to listening tests. Results showed that a decrease in experienced state anxiety after treatment was accompanied by corresponding decreases in a) several acoustic parameters (i.e., mean and maximum voice pitch, high-frequency components in the energy spectrum, and proportion of silent pauses), and b) listeners' perceived level of nervousness. Both speakers' self-ratings of state anxiety and listeners' ratings of perceived nervousness were further correlated with similar acoustic parameters. The results complement earlier studies on vocal affect expression which have been conducted on posed, rather than authentic, emotional speech.
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| 10. |
- Lo Coco, Alida, et al.
(författare)
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The assessment of susceptibility to emotional contagion : a contribution to the Italian adaptation of the emotional contagion scale
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of nonverbal behavior. - : Springer. - 0191-5886 .- 1573-3653. ; 38:1, s. 67-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Emotional Contagion Scale (ECS; Doherty in J Nonverbal Behav 21(2):131-154, 1997) is a self-report instrument assessing susceptibility to emotional contagion. The study was aimed at examining its dimensionality, reliability, and validity in the Italian context. It was completed by 541 young adults (45 % men) in Study 1 and 649 young adults (40 % men) in Study 2. The results of a series of confirmatory factor analyses showed that a bi-factor model, with one general factor and four specific factors was supported. The general and specific factors were differentially related to self-other differentiation, empathy, emotional fragility, masculinity, and femininity. Notwithstanding, the results posited some questions about the ECS reliability and convergent validity. Implications for scoring of the ECS and the need to revise it are discussed.
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