| 1. |
- Back, Jenny, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Psychological risk factors for exercise dependence
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. - New York : Routledge. - 1612-197X .- 1557-251X. ; 19:4, s. 461-472
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main aim of this study was to investigate if exercisers' personality characteristics were associated with exercise dependence. Specifically, the purpose was to examine if anxiety, obsessive passion, and physical appearance orientation were associated to an increased risk for exercise dependence. Participants were 330 exercisers from exercise groups, sport clubs and university sport science classes in the southwest of Sweden. Data were analysed using CHAID (Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection) analysis. The CHAID analysis indicated that anxiety was the main predictor of exercise dependence. More specifically, 12.7% more exercisers who experienced high levels of anxiety symptoms (i.e. scores above 6), were, in comparison to the exercises experiencing low levels of anxiety, classified as ?at risk for exercise dependence?. For exercisers that reported low levels of anxiety symptoms (i.e. scores below 7), obsessive passion for exercise was a positive statistically significant predictor (absolute risk difference?=?8.6%). Overall, the results highlight anxiety as a main risk factor behind exercise dependence. Also, the risk of exercise dependence may increase either from obsessive passion or as a coping strategy for anxiety. Furthermore, results may illustrate two types of exercise dependence; ?primary? exercise dependence driven mainly by an obsessive passion for exercise and ?secondary? exercise dependence where exercise function as a strategy to cope with anxiety.
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| 2. |
- Bean, Corliss, et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal associations between perceived programme quality, basic needs support and basic needs satisfaction within youth sport : A person-centred approach
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. - New York : Taylor & Francis. - 1612-197X .- 1557-251X. ; 18:1, s. 76-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acknowledging the importance of longitudinal data to test process-based psychological theories of motivation is critical. The purpose of this study was to use a person-centred approach to identify unique subgroups (i.e. profiles) of youth athletes based on their level of self-reported programme quality (PQ) and basic needs support mid-way through their sport season and investigate potential differences between the subgroups on their self-reported basic needs satisfaction at the end of the sport season. The current study involved 541 Canadian youth athletes (males n = 289; females n = 250; gender-fluid n = 2) within 52 sport programmes over the course of 18 months. Youthathletes ranged in age from 8 through 19 (M = 13.76, SD = 2.61). A latent profile analysis (LPA) in Mplus 8.0 was used to carry out the analyses. The LPA revealed three distinct profiles based on youth athletes’ levels of self-reported PQ and basic needs support. Specifically, athletes who perceived their sport experience to be of higher quality and supported their basic psychological needs midway through the sport season also reported higher levels of basic needs satisfaction at season end. Results from this study contribute to the field of sport psychology through understanding how basic needs theory contributes to the dimensions of programme quality and by informing recommendations for future coach education on how to satisfy youth athletes’ basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness through programmedelivery. © 2018 International Society of Sport Psychology
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| 3. |
- Book Jr., Robert T., et al.
(författare)
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Oatmeal is better than no meal : the career pathways of ten professional athletes from underserved communities in the United States
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. - New York : Taylor & Francis. - 1612-197X .- 1557-251X. ; 19:4, s. 504-523
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to explore career pathways to athletic success in American professional athletes with low socioeconomic background. Ten African American professional male athletes, who met the criteria of playing at least one year in a professional league and spending their formative years in an American underserved community, participated in the study. Interviews inspired by the cultural praxis of athletes’ careers, lasted 68-137 minutes, and the transcripts were thematically analysed. Four career stages (childhood years, middle/high school years, college years, professional years) and three themes (context, challenges, coping) were visible in the career pathways of the participants. During the first stage the athletes’ athletic foundation was developed by participating in inexpensive, easy to access sports in unstructured sporting environments, while simultaneously relying upon the strength of a mother to keep them safe. An increased susceptibility to the dangers of environmental factors (e.g., drugs, gangs) during the middle/high school years made this period of time the most precarious for the athletes, but was also the most crucial for their athletic development. The college years were a time of “catching up,” whereby the athletes entered a whole new environment for which they were physically (e.g., underweight) and psycho-socially (e.g., racial integration) unprepared, but their hard work and the help of peers and coaches propelled them to success (i.e., professional contract). Finally, the results indicate that coping resources the athletes developed dealing with hardship were perceived as key factors enabling them to endure the difficulties of a professional career. © 2020 International Society of Sport Psychology.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Defruyt, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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Competencies of dual career support providers (DCSPs) : A scenario-specific perspective
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. - New York, NY : Taylor & Francis. - 1612-197X .- 1557-251X. ; 19:1, s. 43-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although dual career (DC) support is important, there is a lack of research on the competencies professional dual career support providers (DCSPs) themselves require to manage specific job challenges. Therefore, current research, that was part of the Gold in Education and Elite Sport (GEES) project, aims at: (1) examining how well DCSPs managed specific challenges (called scenarios) within the European context, (2) identifying the competencies DCSPs need to manage the scenarios, and (3) exploring which variables influence how well they manage these scenarios. The Dual Career Competency Questionnaire for Support Providers with Scenario extension (DCCQ-SPSc) was completed by 288 DCSPs from nine European countries. The scenarios were: (1) Managing a non-supportive environment, (2) Supporting a student-athlete to cope with relocation, (3) Supporting a student-athlete in developing a study plan, (4) Helping a student-athlete to cope with a challenging year, (5) Referring a student-athlete to other professional help, and (6) Dealing with wrong expectations of a student-athlete. Results revealed that each scenario was experienced by more than half of the DCSPs (range 55%–87%) and that in general, they managed these scenarios average up to good. DCSPs prioritised different competency factors depending on the specific scenario. Frequency of experiencing (for the first four scenarios) and possession of the prioritised competency factor (for all scenarios) were significant predictors for the management of the scenarios. This study shows the importance of scenario-specific competency development and can be used in the development of educational curricula for DCSPs. © 2019 International Society of Sport Psychology
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| 6. |
- Downing, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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A systematic review of quantitative studies concerning psychological aspects of early specialisation
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. - : Routledge. - 1612-197X .- 1557-251X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the intense and long-standing interest surrounding early sport specialisation, scholars still debate its nature and implications. Previous researchers have also identified the need for further research relating to the psychological aspects of early specialisation such as lower quality motivation, dropout and burnout. To help guide future research it is important to build upon the quantitative literature concerning such psychological aspects of early specialisation. The specific aims of this paper are to provide an overview of research results of quantitative studies that set out to explore relationships between early specialisation and psychological aspects, and to critically examine the designs of such studies. As such, study design characteristics including participant demographics, the psychological aspects represented, and the research questions and results are explored. Data searches were conducted in PubMed, SportDiscus, and PsychINFO using search terms such as "early sport speciali*". Twenty-one relevant papers met the inclusion criteria. The results highlight that the published papers in this area are broad in some respects (variety of sports, performance levels, and gender), but narrow in others (North American dominance, few psychological aspects explored, and few papers per psychological aspect). Many of the studies are based on cross-sectional and retrospective self-reports. Overall, this paper serves as a foundation on which to design future research studies in this area.
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| 7. |
- Downing, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Early specialisation among Swedish aesthetic performers : exploring motivation and perceptions of parental influence
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. - : Routledge. - 1612-197X .- 1557-251X. ; 20:4, s. 1013-1032
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Early specialisation is largely advised against, partly due to the postulated negative motivational implications. However, early specialisation is commonly considered necessary for high-level performance in aesthetic activities, such as gymnastics and dance. The present study, therefore, explores the relationship between motivation and early specialisation in a sample of Swedish aesthetic performers, from a self-determination theory perspective. The aims of this study were twofold: (1) to identify whether early specialisation is associated with motivation (autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, and dropout intentions) within a sample of aesthetic performers, and (2) to investigate if such relationships are moderated by perceptions of parental influence. Two hundred and ninety high-level aesthetic performers (M=15.88 years old, SD=2.34; 83% female) were recruited from Swedish clubs and schools to complete a questionnaire pack. The questionnaire pack included questions concerning demographic information, specialisation history, motivation, dropout intentions, and perceptions of parental influence. The results of our analyses do not support the claims that early specialisation is associated with negative motivational implications. In fact, the results show that those who reported a higher degree of specialisation ≤ 12 years old reported less controlled motivation than those who reported a lesser degree of early specialisation. Additionally, perceptions of parental influence were not found to moderate the relationship between early specialisation and motivation. These results are discussed in relation to the growing critique regarding the conceptualisation and measurement of early specialisation in sport literature.
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| 8. |
- Ekengren, Johan, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring career experiences of Swedish professional handball players : Consolidating firsthand information into an empirical career model
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. - New York : Taylor & Francis. - 1612-197X .- 1557-251X. ; 18:2, s. 156-175
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study was aimed at developing the empirical career model of Swedish professional handball players by means of exploring their career experiences in athletic and non-athletic developments through the lens of the holistic athletic career model. Eighteen Swedish professional handball players (nine men and nine women), who had recently terminated or were finishing their careers took part in semi-structured interviews about their careers from the beginning to the end with an interest in both athletic and non-athletic developments. Thematic analysis initially focused on identifying the handball career structure (i.e. stages and sub-stages). Then, the interviews were analysed inductively to identify shared themes in the players’ experiences relevant to each career stage. These themes were incorporated in the relevant stages, and the empirical career model of Swedish professional handball players (further – the empirical model) was finalised. The empirical model describes careers of Swedish handball players as having four athletic stages – initiation, development (with three sub-stages), mastery (with four sub-stages), and discontinuation – complemented by players’ psychological, psychosocial, academic/vocational, and financial developments. Each stage is also aligned with age markers and contains themes describing players’ career experiences from the holistic perspective. The empirical model contributes to contextualised career research and serves as a basis for developing career-long psychological support services in Swedish handball including player/coach/parent education organised by the Swedish Handball Federation.© 2018 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
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| 9. |
- Ekengren, Johan, 1979-
(författare)
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Preparing the Swedish men's handball team for three consecutive Olympic Games : a sport psychology practitioner's reflections
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. - New York, NY : Taylor & Francis. - 1612-197X .- 1557-251X. ; 19:sup1, s. S231-S232
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the last decade I have been employed as a sport psychology practitioner for the Swedish men’s handball team (further – the Team). Pinnacles of my work were psychological preparations for three consecutive Olympic Games (2012-2020). In this presentation I will share my narratives about the psychological preparations for these Games and lessons learned. Major interventions were carried out during the pre-Olympic camps about one month before the related Games. The content was adapted to match the request from the coach and my assessment of players’ needs. Below I organize my experiences in three narratives. The first is “The Team is in crisis, and I struggled to show competence and earn players’ trust”. The players gathered after a heartbreaking defeat in a qualifying match for a future World Championship. The Team were torn, and the 2012 Olympics was approaching fast. The coach highlighted the need for team building to mend the pieces and be able to perform as a unit. I answered the call by conducting group workshops and work with individual athletes clarifying roles and goals. The Team performed over expectations and won a silver medal. I for my part, won trust. The second narrative is entitled “Rio had a sweet melody, but we danced to a different tune”. Preparing for Rio 2016, the coach asked for a copy-paste story to repeat the prior success. The Team felt in harmony, and everything went (too) smooth, few players wanted to prepare for possible adversity. I worked with team dynamics and chose to mainly focus the individual work on potential stressors and coping. Soon I realized I was dancing on my own. Sweden ended last in their group, only winning one match. At the time I am writing this abstract, I plan for the pre-camp for Tokyo 2020 and my narrative so far is “It’s possible to be big in Japan but I’m the worrying kind”. There has been a rejuvenation of the Team and a new coaching staff focuses on the Team values requesting my mainly individual level work. I think we mix apples and oranges by talking about values but not about behaviors and not preparing enough for potential stressors. Here are the lessons learned to share: professional philosophy is dynamic and changes with experiences, the situation in the Team is a key for planning the applied work, and coaches’ requests may bring changes in the practitioner’s approach.
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| 10. |
- Elbe, Anne-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Acculturation through sport : Different contexts different meanings
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. - New York, NY : Taylor & Francis. - 1612-197X .- 1557-251X. ; 16:2, s. 178-190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on the role of sport as a social integrative agent for migrants has provided equivocal results. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between ethnic–cultural identity and sport environmental factors. Young migrant male athletes from two different societal and sport contexts were studied: migrants from Eastern European countries living in Greece (n=60) and from Latin America living in Spain (n=60). Participants completed measures of ethnic and cultural identity, task-oriented motivational climate, and autonomy- supportive coaching behaviour. Analysis of variance revealed that Eastern European inhabitants of Greece scored higher on fringe and assimilation, and lower on lack of interaction compared to Latin American inhabitants of Spain. In addition, for the former group, a mastery motivational climate and autonomy-supportive coaching predicted an integrative identity, whereas for the latter group, the motivational environment did not predict acculturation patterns. The results suggest that sport may serve different acculturation purposes, thus explaining to a degree the lack of consistent results regarding the integrative role of sport. The study provides preliminary support for the importance of the sport motivational environment for the facilitation of integration. © 2016 International Society of Sport Psychology.
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