| 1. |
- Acker, Pascal, et al.
(författare)
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π-Conjugation Enables Ultra-High Rate Capabilities and Cycling Stabilities in Phenothiazine Copolymers as Cathode-Active Battery Materials
- 2019
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Ingår i: Advanced Functional Materials. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1616-301X .- 1616-3028. ; 29:45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, organic battery cathode materials have emerged as an attractive alternative to metal oxide–based cathodes. Organic redox polymers that can be reversibly oxidized are particularly promising. A drawback, however, often is their limited cycling stability and rate performance in a high voltage range of more than 3.4 V versus Li/Li+. Herein, a conjugated copolymer design with phenothiazine as a redox‐active group and a bithiophene co‐monomer is presented, enabling ultra‐high rate capability and cycling stability. After 30 000 cycles at a 100C rate, >97% of the initial capacity is retained. The composite electrodes feature defined discharge potentials at 3.6 V versus Li/Li+ due to the presence of separated phenothiazine redox centers. The semiconducting nature of the polymer allows for fast charge transport in the composite electrode at a high mass loading of 60 wt%. A comparison with three structurally related polymers demonstrates that changing the size, amount, or nature of the side groups leads to a reduced cell performance. This conjugated copolymer design can be used in the development of advanced redox polymers for batteries.
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| 2. |
- Ahmed, Bilal, et al.
(författare)
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i-MXenes for Energy Storage and Catalysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Advanced Functional Materials. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1616-301X .- 1616-3028. ; 30:47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2017, a new family of in-plane, chemically-ordered quaternary MAX phases, coined i-MAX, has been reported since 2017. The first i-MAX phase, (Mo2/3Sc1/3)(2)AlC, garnered significant research attention due to the presence of chemically ordered Sc within the Mo-dominated M layer, and the facilitated removal of both Al and Sc upon etching, resulting in 2D i-MXene, Mo1.33C, with ordered divacancies. The i-MXene renders an exceptionally low resistivity of 33.2 mu omega m(-1) and a high volumetric capacitance of approximate to 1150 F cm(-3). This discovery has been followed by the synthesis of, to date, 32 i-MAX phases and 5 i-MXenes, where the latter have shown potential for applications including, but not limited to, energy storage and catalysis. Herein, fundamental investigations of i-MAX phases and i-MXenes, along with their applicability in supercapacitive and catalytic applications, are reviewed. Moreover, recent results on ion intercalation and post-etching treatment of Mo1.33C are presented. The charge storage performance can also be tuned by forming MXene hydrogel and through inert atmosphere annealing, where the latter renders a superior volumetric capacitance of approximate to 1635 F cm(-3). This report demonstrates the potential of the i-MXene family for catalytic and energy storage applications, and highlights novel research directions for further development and successful employment in practical applications.
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| 3. |
- Ail, Ujwala, et al.
(författare)
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Thermoelectric Properties of Polymeric Mixed Conductors
- 2016
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Ingår i: Advanced Functional Materials. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 1616-301X .- 1616-3028. ; 26:34, s. 6288-6296
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The thermoelectric (TE) phenomena are intensively explored by the scientific community due to the rather inefficient way energy resources are used with a large fraction of energy wasted in the form of heat. Among various materials, mixed ion-electron conductors (MIEC) are recently being explored as potential thermoelectrics, primarily due to their low thermal conductivity. The combination of electronic and ionic charge carriers in those inorganic or organic materials leads to complex evolution of the thermovoltage (Voc) with time, temperature, and/or humidity. One of the most promising organic thermoelectric materials, poly(3,4-ethyelenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT-PSS), is an MIEC. A previous study reveals that at high humidity, PEDOT-PSS undergoes an ionic Seebeck effect due to mobile protons. Yet, this phenomenon is not well understood. In this work, the time dependence of the Voc is studied and its behavior from the contribution of both charge carriers (holes and protons) is explained. The presence of a complex reorganization of the charge carriers promoting an internal electrochemical reaction within the polymer film is identified. Interestingly, it is demonstrated that the time dependence behavior of Voc is a way to distinguish between three classes of polymeric materials: electronic conductor, ionic conductor, and mixed ionic–electronic conductor
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| 4. |
- Altmann, Brigitte, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of Novel Long-Lasting Ceria-Stabilized Zirconia-Based Ceramics with Different Surface Topographies as Implant Materials
- 2017
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Ingår i: Advanced Functional Materials. - : Wiley-VCH Verlag. - 1616-301X .- 1616-3028. ; 27:40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of long-lasting zirconia-based ceramics for implants, which are not prone to hydrothermal aging, is not satisfactorily solved. Therefore, this study is conceived as an overall evaluation screening of novel ceria-stabilized zirconia-alumina-aluminate composite ceramics (ZA8Sr8-Ce11) with different surface topographies for use in clinical applications. Ceria-stabilized zirconia is chosen as the matrix for the composite material, due to its lower susceptibility to aging than yttria-stabilized zirconia (3Y-TZP). This assessment is carried out on three preclinical investigation levels, indicating an overall biocompatibility of ceria-stabilized zirconia-based ceramics, both in vitro and in vivo. Long-term attachment and mineralized extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition of primary osteoblasts are the most distinct on porous ZA8Sr8-Ce11p surfaces, while ECM attachment on 3Y-TZP and ZA8Sr8-Ce11 with compact surface texture is poor. In this regard, the animal study confirms the porous ZA8Sr8-Ce11p to be the most favorable material, showing the highest bone-to-implant contact values and implant stability post implantation in comparison with control groups. Moreover, the microbiological evaluation reveals no favoritism of biofilm formation on the porous ZA8Sr8-Ce11p when compared to a smooth control surface. Hence, together with the in vitro in vivo assessment analogy, the promising clinical potential of this novel ZA8Sr8-Ce11 as an implant material is demonstrated.
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| 5. |
- An, Dong, et al.
(författare)
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NIR-II Responsive Inorganic 2D Nanomaterials for Cancer Photothermal Therapy : Recent Advances and Future Challenges
- 2021
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Ingår i: Advanced Functional Materials. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1616-301X .- 1616-3028. ; 31:32
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Non-invasive cancer photothermal therapy (PTT) is a promising replacement for traditional cancer treatments. The second near-infrared region induced PTT (NIR-II PTT, 1000-1500 nm) with less energy dissipation has been developed for deeper-seated tumor treatment in recent years compared with the traditional first near-infrared light (750-1000 nm). In addition, the use of emerging inorganic 2D nanomaterials as photothermal agents (PTAs) further enhanced PTT efficiency due to their intrinsic photothermal properties. NIR-II light stimulated inorganic 2D nanomaterials for PTT is becoming a hot topic in both academic and clinical fields. This review summarizes the categories, structures, and photothermal conversion properties of inorganic 2D nanomaterials for the first time. The recent synergistic strategies of NIR-II responsive PTT combined with other treatment approaches including chemotherapy, chemodynamic therapy, photodynamic therapy, radiotherapy are summarized. The future challenges and perspectives on these 2D nanomaterials for NIR-II responsive PTT systems construction are further discussed.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Printable All-Organic Electrochromic Active-Matrix Displays
- 2007
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Ingår i: Advanced Functional Materials. - : Wiley. - 1616-301X .- 1616-3028. ; 17:16, s. 3074-3082
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- All-organic active matrix addressed displays based on electrochemical smart pixels made on flexible substrates are reported. Each individual smart pixel device combines an electrochemical transistor with an electrochromic display cell, thus resulting in a low-voltage operating and robust display technology. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) doped with poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) served as the active material in the electrochemical smart pixels, as well as the conducting lines, of the monolithically integrated active-matrix display. Different active-matrix display addressing schemes have been investigated and a matrix display fill factor of 65 % was reached. This is achieved by combining a three-terminal electrochemical transistor with an electrochromic display cell architecture, in which an additional layer of PEDOT:PSS was placed on top of the display cell counter electrode. In addition, we have evaluated different kinds of electrochromic polymer materials aiming at reaching a high color switch contrast. This work has been carried out in the light of achieving a robust display technology that is easily manufactured using a standard label printing press, which forced us to use the fewest different materials as well as avoiding exotic and complex device architectures. Together, this yields a manufacturing process of only five discrete patterning steps, which in turn promise for that the active matrix addressed displays can be manufactured on paper or plastic substrates in a roll-to-roll production procedure.
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| 7. |
- Arndt, Tina, et al.
(författare)
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Engineered Spider Silk Proteins for Biomimetic Spinning of Fibers with Toughness Equal to Dragline Silks
- 2022
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Ingår i: Advanced Functional Materials. - : Wiley. - 1616-301X .- 1616-3028. ; 32:23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spider silk is the toughest fiber found in nature, and bulk production of artificial spider silk that matches its mechanical properties remains elusive. Development of miniature spider silk proteins (mini-spidroins) has made large-scale fiber production economically feasible, but the fibers’ mechanical properties are inferior to native silk. The spider silk fiber's tensile strength is conferred by poly-alanine stretches that are zipped together by tight side chain packing in β-sheet crystals. Spidroins are secreted so they must be void of long stretches of hydrophobic residues, since such segments get inserted into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. At the same time, hydrophobic residues have high β-strand propensity and can mediate tight inter-β-sheet interactions, features that are attractive for generation of strong artificial silks. Protein production in prokaryotes can circumvent biological laws that spiders, being eukaryotic organisms, must obey, and the authors thus design mini-spidroins that are predicted to more avidly form stronger β-sheets than the wildtype protein. Biomimetic spinning of the engineered mini-spidroins indeed results in fibers with increased tensile strength and two fiber types display toughness equal to native dragline silks. Bioreactor expression and purification result in a protein yield of ≈9 g L−1 which is in line with requirements for economically feasible bulk scale production.
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| 8. |
- Asadpoordarvish, Amir, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Light-Emitting Paper
- 2015
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Ingår i: Advanced Functional Materials. - : Wiley. - 1616-301X .- 1616-3028. ; 25:21, s. 3238-3245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A solution-based fabrication of flexible and light-weight light-emitting devices on paper substrates is reported. Two different types of paper substrates are coated with a surface-emitting light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) device: a multilayer-coated specialty paper with an intermediate surface roughness of 0.4 μm and a low-end and low-cost copy paper with a large surface roughness of 5 μm. The entire device fabrication is executed using a handheld airbrush, and it is notable that all of the constituent layers are deposited from solution under ambient air. The top-emitting paper-LECs are highly flexible, and display a uniform light emission with a luminance of 200 cd m−2 at a current conversion efficacy of 1.4 cd A−1.
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| 9. |
- Asawa, Kenta, et al.
(författare)
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Cell Surface Functionalization with Heparin-Conjugated Lipid to Suppress Blood Activation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Advanced Functional Materials. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1616-301X .- 1616-3028. ; 31:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organ transplantation leads to damage of the endothelial glycocalyx of the transplanted organ, and the activated endothelial surface induces thromboinflammation. The result is dysfunction of the transplanted organ, known as ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Long-term graft survival strongly depends on the regulation of IRI. Here the aim is to reconstruct the glycocalyx to regulate blood activation during IRI. Heparin-conjugated lipid (fHep-lipid) is synthesized with 0.6, 1.8, 2.7, 4.5, or 8.0 fragmented heparins per lipid to compare their anticoagulation activity. First, liposome and cells are modified with each fHep-lipid and the surface properties are evaluated. Then the hemocompatibility of the modified human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) is examined in a loop model using human blood. The antithrombin-binding capacity and anti-factor Xa activity of the fHep-lipids depend on the number of conjugated heparins, with efficacy increasing with increasing number of heparins. The modified liposomes are highly negatively charged and show strong anti-factor Xa activity. In addition, the cell surfaces of human erythrocytes and hMSCs can be uniformly modified with fHep-lipid. The whole blood studies reveal that fHep-lipid on hMSCs can prevent generation of thrombin-antithrombin complexes, coagulation markers, and platelet aggregation, whereas unmodified hMSCs trigger activation of the platelet and coagulation systems.
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| 10. |
- Aziz, Shazed, et al.
(författare)
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Fast and High-Strain Electrochemically Driven Yarn Actuators in Twisted and Coiled Configurations
- 2021
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Ingår i: Advanced Functional Materials. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1616-301X .- 1616-3028. ; 31:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Commercially available yarns are promising precursor for artificial muscles for smart fabric-based textile wearables. Electrochemically driven conductive polymer (CP) coated yarns have already shown their potential to be used in smart fabrics. Unfortunately, the practical application of these yarns is still hindered due to their slow ion exchange properties and low strain. Here, a method is demonstrated to morph poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene:poly-styrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) coated multifilament textile yarns in highly twisted and coiled structures, providing >1% linear actuation in <1 s at a potential of +0.6 V. A potential window of +0.6 V and -1.2 V triggers the fully reversible actuation of a coiled yarn providing >1.62% strain. Compared to the untwisted, regular yarns, the twisted and coiled yarns produce >9x and >20x higher strain, respectively. The strain and speed are significantly higher than the maximum reported results from other electrochemically operated CP yarns. The yarn’s actuation is explained by reversible oxidation/reduction reactions occurring at CPs. However, the helical opening/closing of the twisted or coiled yarns due to the torsional yarn untwisting/retwisting assists the rapid and large linear actuation. These PEDOT:PSS coated yarn actuators are of great interest to drive smart textile exoskeletons.
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