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| 2. |
- Andersson, Annika, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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A Conceptual Framework for E-Learning in Developing Countries : A Critical Review of Research Challenges
- 2009
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Ingår i: The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1681-4835. ; 38:1, s. 1-16
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a critical review of research on challenges for e-learning with a particular focus on developing countries. A comprehensive literature review including 60 papers on e-learning challenges was undertaken for the purpose of understanding how to implement e-learning in developing countries. Research questions were: what has existing research identified as the major challenges for e-learning, and, what differences, if any, are there between developing countries and developed countries in this respect? The literature study found 278 papers which were condensed to 60 based on exclusion and inclusion criteria designed to find papers of best quality as well as papers that clearly investigated well-defined challenges. The research found 30 specific challenges which were grouped into four categories, viz.: courses, individuals, technology and context. The overall conclusion is that these challenges are equally valid for both developed and developing countries; however in developing countries more papers focus on access to technology and context whereas in developed countries more papers concern individuals. A further finding is that most papers focus on one or two categories of challenges; few papers exhibit a comprehensive view. Because challenges are interrelated, based on the findings we propose a conceptual framework of emerging issues for e-learning in developed and developing countries. The framework is useful to guide both practice and research.
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| 3. |
- Cunningham, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Factors Impacting on the Current Level of Open Innovation and ICT Entrepreneurship in Africa
- 2016
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Ingår i: The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries. - : Wiley. - 1681-4835. ; 73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Across Africa, Innovation and ICT entrepreneurship are increasingly recognised as important enablers of national and regional socio-economic growth. However, the level of skills capacity, indigenous entrepreneurial expertise and policy support varies considerably. This research study was informed by a semi-structured, moderated focus group involving five public and four education and research stakeholders from eight African Member States. It focused on identifying factors impacting on the current level of open innovation and ICT entrepreneurship in Africa. Organised in Lilongwe, Malawi on 08 May 2015 during IST-Africa Week 2015, a purposive approach was applied to identify the nine informants based on intensity sampling. The results highlighted six main factors: a) level of political will reflected by resource prioritisation; b) alignment with national development plans and associated funding priorities; c) level of understanding of strategic benefits by ministers and senior civil servants; d) level of awareness and sensitization of the general public, e) availability of national innovation and entrepreneurial expertise; and f) willingness and capacity to cooperate with other stakeholders to achieve common goals. Future research will capture perspectives from the private, societal and international donor sectors, and create and validate potential models/methodologies to address the challenges and opportunities identified in this study.
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| 4. |
- Grönlund, Åke, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Citizens’ use of new media in authoritarian regimes : A case study of Uganda
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries. - Hong Kong, China : City University of Hong Kong Press. - 1681-4835. ; 67:1, s. 1-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By subsidizing the costs of civic participation, the use of the Internet is believed to stimulate participation but there are fears that intensive Internet use causes withdrawal from public life. This paper investigates the connection between the way individuals participate online and offline in authoritarian, low-income regimes, and the nature of eParticipation among citizens in authoritarian regimes such as Uganda. Based on personal interviews with 116 Internet users, the study found that common drivers of eParticipation, such as low cost, security and anonymity are hard to transplant into the offline world for citizens of authoritarian states such as Uganda. Perceived risks of retribution and intimidation for expressing a particular opinion or supporting a political cause mean that citizen-to-citizen participation is the predominant form but still at low levels, while citizen-to-government participation is negligible.
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| 5. |
- Kemppainen, Jyri, et al.
(författare)
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Development Projects and ICT : a Review of Non-Technical Aspects
- 2014
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Ingår i: The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries. - : Wiley. - 1681-4835. ; 63, s. 1-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of information and communication technology (ICT) in international development co-operation (IDC) is tightly linked with international political agenda. Currently, international development co-operation emphasizes three concepts: sustainable development, international human rights, and millennium development goals. This article presents to IT professionals six non-technical aspects for improving ICT oriented IDC projects. Firstly, those ICT projects should be aligned with internationally agreed political agenda. Secondly, they should cohere with internationally agreed development goals. Thirdly, their design should recognize the political and legal context of the host country. Fourthly, their design and implementation have to follow donor guidelines derived from commonly agreed good practices of IDC project management and design---even when the contextual design tools of ICT for development (ICT4D) research are of limited use with the structured design approaches of IDC. Fifthly, ICT oriented IDC projects should have appropriate indicators for their formative and summative evaluation. Sixthly, IT professionals should stay up-to-date with constantly developing ICT and evolving IDC. The presented non-technical aspects of IDC projects are derived from the central concepts and consensuses of IDC as well as from an analysis of the relevant literature, and the six aspects are reflected on our fourteen years of field work in IDC projects in the least developed countries of Sub-Saharan Africa. We argue that IT professionals are more competent for IDC projects when their technical expertise is complemented with the presented aspects.
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| 6. |
- Khan, Sana Z., et al.
(författare)
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Hopes and fears in implementation of electronic health records in Bangladesh
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1681-4835. ; 54:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Health is seen as a major key for development and many developing country governments invest in ICT-based Health Information Systems (HIS). The purpose of this paper is to explore physicians’ hopes and fears for implementing Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems in Bangladeshi hospitals. Data was collected through interviews and observations at two Bangladeshi hospitals. We found very little use of EHR systems at the hospitals and many physicians were skeptical of using EHR systems. Whereas this skepticism could be seen as a symptom of backward thinking our analysis found much of this skepticism to be reasonable. In this way this research contributes to the ongoing debate on how to implement HIS in developing countries. We articulate and analyze users’ concerns beyond mere “attitudes” and “acceptance”. Our results show that the fears and concerns on the hospital floors are legitimate and should be taken into consideration when HIS projects are initiated.
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| 7. |
- Kivunike, Florence Nameere, et al.
(författare)
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Using a Structured Approach to Evaluate ICT4D : Healthcare Delivery in Uganda
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries. - : Wiley. - 1681-4835. ; 66:8, s. 1-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using a case from the healthcare delivery sector, we demonstrate how a structured evaluation approach can facilitate the measurement of actual ICT contributions in various contexts. Typically, such are intricate due to the complexities inherent in the environments, making it difficult to evaluate the relationship between ICT and the benefits it intends to achieve to a reasonable degree. The approach suggested in this paper tries to partly remedy some of these complications, by facilitating qualitative data elicitations, aggregation, analysis and evaluation. To make this computationally meaningful, a decision support tool for handling numerically imprecise information is used for the data analysis and evaluation details. The results of this indicate that such an approach makes at least some meaningful input for practitioners and policymakers. In comparison to the qualitative in-depth approaches this approach facilitates a one-point in time assessment, which is less resource intensive, but provides prompt and substantial insight on the development performance of ICT4D initiatives. A similar approach would also be applicable to different sectors, and can utilize a broader scope of criteria, as well as incorporate views from several categories of stakeholders.
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| 8. |
- Thapa, Devinder, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the Link between ICT and Development in the Context of Developing Countries : A Literature Review
- 2014
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Ingår i: The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries. - : Wiley. - 1681-4835. ; 64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article contributes to the ongoing discussion on relating information and communication technology (ICT) to development (D). The quest to relate ICT to D is a topic of open deliberation and critical scrutiny in ICT4D research communities. To enhance the understanding in this regard, we conducted a literature review. The review examines 80 articles to identify various development theories and the role of technologies in the development process. While scanning the articles, Sen’s capability approach (CA) emerged as a suitable framework with which to explore the link between ICT and D. To show the relevance of the link, we used the CA as a guiding framework, and reanalyzed ten empirical case studies focusing on projects in remote and rural areas. Furthermore, the article suggests six gaps in the current research, and, accordingly, six areas for future research.
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| 9. |
- Hallberg, David, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Constraints of ICT in lifelong learning on disadvantaged women
- 2014
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Ingår i: The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries. - Hongkong : Wiley. - 1681-4835. ; 61:8, s. 1-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper draws attention to the urgency of taking into consideration women’s genderspecific needs and interests in the implementation of community-based ICT projects in lifelong learning. We set out this research to understand the constraints of information and communications technology (ICT) in lifelong learning on disadvantaged women. National statistics and data from field studies were used. The constraints and their consequences at national level are often a result of national policies and regulations – or lack thereof – while the constraints and their consequences at local/regional level involve everyday-life occurrences that are present in women's immediate surroundings. Hence, an understanding of both levels is critical. This research is valuable for stakeholders delving into issues of development intervention using ICTs, not only in Kenya but in a broader, global perspective.
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| 10. |
- Hasan, Zahid
(författare)
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Evaluation Of A Government ICT Policy Document From A Communicative Action Perspective : A Case Of Bangladesh
- 2016
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Ingår i: The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1681-4835. ; 73:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The literature on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) policy studies have revealed multiple limitations concerning design and implementation of policies adopted by many governments of developing countries, which include contextual limitations in design, a mix of incomprehensive projects and strategies, as well as gaps between addressed goals and actual outcomes. However, nothing is said about the policy document itself with regard to the communication of ideas, issues, themes, and perspectives of the policy. This article extends to do a discourse analysis of Bangladesh's ICT policy document to evaluate communicative aspects, using the framework of Habermas' Theory of Communicative Action (TCA). The findings uncover multiple limitations to the policy document in terms of four TCA validity claims: truth, legitimacy, sincerity, and clarity. The truth claim shows a lack in defining and describing multiple terms and issues, explaining varied ideological stances and accounting for benefits and challenges, along with interpretation of some facts. Similarly, the legitimacy claim reveals that matters that appeal to emotion, such as constitutional obligation, social equity, disabled people, minorities, and women and community issues, lie as foundation to justify that claim. The uses of connotative words and metaphors in addition to uses of jargon and unexplained terms are also found under the claim for sincerity and clarity, all of which ultimately are not compatible with the values of the validity claims.
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