| 1. |
- Backlund, Per, et al.
(författare)
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SIDH : A Game-Based Architecture for a Training Simulator
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Computer Games Technology. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 1687-7047 .- 1687-7055.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Game-based simulators, sometimes referred to as "lightweight" simulators, have benefits such as flexible technology and economic feasibility. In this article, we extend the notion of a game-based simulator by introducing multiple screen view and physical interaction. These features are expected to enhance immersion and fidelity. By utilizing these concepts we have constructed a training simulator for breathing apparatus entry. Game hardware and software have been used to produce the application. More important, the application itself is deliberately designed to be a game. Indeed, one important design goal is to create an entertaining and motivating experience combined with learning goals in order to create a serious game. The system has been evaluated in cooperation with the Swedish Rescue Services Agency to see which architectural features contribute to perceived fidelity. The modes of visualization and interaction as well as level design contribute to the usefulness of the system.
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| 2. |
- Bevilacqua, Fernando, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Automated analysis of facial cues from videos as a potential method for differentiating stress and boredom of players in games
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Computer Games Technology. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 1687-7047 .- 1687-7055.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Facial analysis is a promising approach to detect emotions of players unobtrusively, however approaches are commonly evaluated in contexts not related to games, or facial cues are derived from models not designed for analysis of emotions during interactions with games. We present a method for automated analysis of facial cues from videos as a potential tool for detecting stress and boredom of players behaving naturally while playing games. Computer vision is used to automatically and unobtrusively extract 7 facial features aimed to detect the activity of a set of facial muscles. Features are mainly based on the Euclidean distance of facial landmarks and do not rely on pre-dened facial expressions, training of a model or the use of facial standards. An empirical evaluation was conducted on video recordings of an experiment involving games as emotion elicitation sources. Results show statistically signicant dierences in the values of facial features during boring and stressful periods of gameplay for 5 of the 7 features. We believe our approach is more user-tailored, convenient and better suited for contexts involving games.
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| 3. |
- Ekanayake, Hiran B., et al.
(författare)
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Comparing expert driving behavior in real world and simulator contexts
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Computer Games Technology. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 1687-7047 .- 1687-7055.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Computer games are increasingly used for purposes beyond mere entertainment, and current hi-tech simulators can provide quite, naturalistic contexts for purposes such as traffic education. One of the critical concerns in this area is the validity or transferability of acquired skills from a simulator to the real world context. In this paper, we present our work in which we compared driving in the real world with that in the simulator at two levels, that is, by using performance measures alone, and by combining psychophysiological measures with performance measures. For our study, we gathered data using questionnaires as well as by logging vehicle dynamics, environmental conditions, video data, and users' psychophysiological measurements. For the analysis, we used several novel approaches such as scatter plots to visualize driving tasks of different contexts and to obtain vigilance estimators from electroencephalographic (EEG) data in order to obtain important results about the differences between the driving in the two contexts. Our belief is that both experimental procedures and findings of our experiment are very important to the field of serious games concerning how to evaluate the fitness of driving simulators and measure driving performance. © 2013 Hiran B. Ekanayake et al.
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| 4. |
- Hagelbäck, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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A Multiagent Potential Field-Based Bot for Real-Time Strategy Games
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Computer Games Technology. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 1687-7055 .- 1687-7047. ; 2009
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bots for real-time strategy (RTS) games may be very challenging to implement. A bot controls a number of units that will have to navigate in a partially unknown environment, while at the same time avoid each other, search for enemies, and coordinate attacks to fight them down. Potential fields are a technique originating from the area of robotics where it is used in controlling the navigation of robots in dynamic environments. Although attempts have been made to transfer the technology to the gaming sector, assumed problems with efficiency and high costs for implementation have made the industry reluctant to adopt it. We present a multiagent potential field-based bot architecture that is evaluated in two different real-time strategy game settings and compare them, both in terms of performance, and in terms of softer attributes such as configurability with other state of-the-art solutions.We show that the solution is a highly configurable bot that can match the performance standards of traditional RTS bots. Furthermore, we show that our approach deals with Fog of War (imperfect information about the opponent units) surprisingly well.We also show that a multiagent potential field-based bot is highly competitive in a resource gathering scenario.
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| 5. |
- Kelkkanen, Viktor, et al.
(författare)
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Synchronous Remote Rendering for VR
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Computer Games Technology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-7047 .- 1687-7055. ; 2021
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Remote rendering for VR is a technology that enables high-quality VR on low-powered devices. This is realized by offloading heavy computation and rendering to high-powered servers that stream VR as video to the clients. This article focuses on one specific issue in remote rendering when imperfect frame timing between client and server may cause recurring frame drops. We propose a system design that executes synchronously and eliminates the aforementioned problem. The design is presented, and an implementation is tested using various networks and hardware. The design cannot drop frames due to synchronization issues but may on the other hand stall if temporal disturbances occur, e.g., due to network delay spikes or loss. However, experiments confirm that such events can remain rare given an appropriate environment. For example, remote rendering on an intranet at 90 fps with a server located approximately 50 km away yielded just 0.002% stalled frames while rendering with extra latency corresponding to the duration of exactly one frame (11.1 ms at 90 fps). In a LAN without extra latency setting, i.e., with latency equal to locally rendered VR, 0.009% stalls were observed while using a wired Ethernet connection and 0.058% stalls when using 5 GHz wireless IEEE 802.11 ac. © 2021 Viktor Kelkkanen et al.
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| 6. |
- Lindley, Craig, et al.
(författare)
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Game Play Schemas : From Player Analysis to Adaptive Game Mechanics
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Computer Games Technology. - : Hindawi Publishing. - 1687-7047 .- 1687-7055. ; :1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Schema theory provides a foundation for the analysis of game play patterns created by players during their interaction with a game. Schema models derived from the analysis of play provide a rich explanatory framework for the cognitive processes underlying game play, as well as detailed hypotheses for the hierarchical structure of pleasures and rewards motivating players. Game engagement is accounted for as a process of schema selection or development, while immersion is explained in terms of levels of attentional demand in schema execution. However, schemas may not only be used to describe play, but might be used actively as cognitive models within a game engine. Predesigned schema models are knowledge representations constituting anticipated or desired learned cognitive outcomes of play. Automated analysis of player schemas and comparison with predesigned target schemas can provide a foundation for a game engine adapting or tuning game mechanics to achieve specific effects of engagement, immersion, and cognitive skill acquisition by players. Hence, schema models may enhance the play experience as well as provide a foundation for achieving explicitly represented pedagogical or therapeutic functions of games. This paper has described an approach to the analysis of game play based upon schema theory and attention theory. An empirically basedmethod has been described as a basis for identifying and validating hypothetical game play schemas. Automated schema recognition and the potential uses of explicit schema representations within game systems have been explored. This approach provides for explicit modeling of the C. A. Lindley and C. C. Sennersten 7 cognitive systems and processes underlying game play, both for analytical studies of play and as a potential implementation mechanism for adaptive games. Work on the analysis of games using this approach is ongoing. It is hoped that the results of this work will provide the foundations for future implementation of schema-based adaptive game systems.
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| 7. |
- Nevelsteen, Kim J. L.
(författare)
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Virtual World, Defined from a Technological Perspective, and Applied to Video Games, Mixed Reality and the Metaverse
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Ingår i: International Journal of Computer Games Technology. - 1687-7047 .- 1687-7055.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is no generally accepted definition for a virtual world, with many complimentary terms and acronyms having emerged implying a virtual world. Advances in systems architecture techniques such as, host migration between instances, mobile ad-hoc networking, and distributed computing, bring in to question whether those architectures can actually support a virtual world. Without a concrete definition, controversy ensues and it is problematic to design an architecture for a virtual world. Several researchers provided a definition but aspects of each definition are still problematic and simply can not be applied to contemporary technologies. The approach of this article is to sample technologies using grounded theory, and obtain a definition for a ‘virtual world’ that is directly applicable to technology. The obtained definition is compared with related work and used to classify advanced technologies, such as: a pseudo-persistent video game, a MANet, Virtual and Mixed Reality, and the Metaverse. The results of this article include: a break down of which properties set apart the various technologies; a definition that is validated by comparing it with other definitions; an ontology showing the relation of the different complimentary terms and acronyms; and, the usage of pseudo-persistent to categories those technologies which only mimic persistence.
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| 8. |
- Su, Yanhui, et al.
(författare)
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Business Intelligence Challenges for Independent Game Publishing
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Computer Games Technology. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 1687-7047 .- 1687-7055. ; 2020, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the continuous development of the game industry, research in the game field is also deepening. Many interdisciplinary areas of knowledge and theory have been used to promote the development of the game industry. Business intelligence technologies have been applied to game development for game design and game optimization. However, few systematic research efforts have focused on the field of game publishing, particularly with regard to independent (indie) game publishing. In this paper, we analyse data collected from a set of interviews with small indie game developers. The results indicate that most of the indie game developers have already used business intelligence for game self-publishing, although three main challenges have been identified: first, how to conduct marketing promotion and improve the return on investment (ROI); second, how to collect game publishing data; and third, how to analyse the data in order to guide game self-publishing. Our interviews also reveal that the business model applied to a game significantly impacts the role of game analytics. The study expands and advances the research on how game analytics can be used for game publishing, particularly for indie game self-publishing.
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| 9. |
- Toftedahl, Marcus, 1981-
(författare)
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Localization Tools in General Purpose Game Engines : A Systematic Mapping Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Computer Games Technology. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 1687-7047 .- 1687-7055. ; 2021
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper addresses localization from a game development perspective by studying the state of tool support for a localization work in general purpose game engines. Using a systematic mapping study, the most commonly used game engines and their official tool libraries are studied. The results indicate that even though localization tools exists for the game engines included in the study, the visibility, availability, and functionality differ. Localization tools that are user facing, i.e., used to create localization, are scarce while many are tool facing, i.e., used to import localization kits made outside the production pipeline.
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| 10. |
- Örtqvist, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Immersion and gameplay experience : a contingency framework
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Computer Games Technology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-7047 .- 1687-7055.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nature of the relationship between immersion and gameplay experience is investigated, focusing primarily on the literature related to flow. In particular, this paper proposes that immersion and gameplay experience are conceptually different, but empirically positively related through mechanisms related to flow. Furthermore, this study examines gamers' characteristics to determine the influence between immersion and gameplay experiences. The study involves 48 observations in one game setting. Regression analyses including tests for moderation and simple slope analysis are used to reveal gamers' age, experience, and understanding of the game, which moderate the relationship between immersion and gameplay experience. The results suggest that immersion is more positive for gameplay experience when the gamer lacks experience and understanding of the game as well as when the gamer is relatively older. Implications and recommendations for future research are discussed at length in the paper.
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