| 1. |
- Ahrén, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Estimation of the Relative Contribution of Postprandial Glucose Exposure to Average Total Glucose Exposure in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Endocrinology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-8337 .- 1687-8345. ; 2016
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We hypothesized that the relative contribution of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) versus postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) to glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) could be calculated using an algorithm developed by the A1c-Derived Average Glucose (ADAG) study group to make HbA1c values more clinically relevant to patients. The algorithm estimates average glucose (eAG) exposure, which can be used to calculate apparent PPG (aPPG) by subtracting FPG. The hypothesis was tested in a large dataset (comprising 17 studies) from the vildagliptin clinical trial programme. We found that 24 weeks of treatment with vildagliptin monotherapy (n = 2523) reduced the relative contribution of aPPG to eAG from 8.12% to 2.95% (by 64%, p < 0.001). In contrast, when vildagliptin was added to metformin (n = 2752), the relative contribution of aPPG to eAG insignificantly increased from 1.59% to 2.56%. In conclusion, glucose peaks, which are often prominent in patients with type 2 diabetes, provide a small contribution to the total glucose exposure assessed by HbA1c, and the ADAG algorithm is not robust enough to assess this small relative contribution in patients receiving combination therapy.
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| 2. |
- Al Alawi, AM, et al.
(författare)
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Magnesium and Human Health: Perspectives and Research Directions
- 2018
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Ingår i: International journal of endocrinology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-8337 .- 1687-8345. ; 2018, s. 9041694-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Magnesium is the fourth most abundant cation in the body. It has several functions in the human body including its role as a cofactor for more than 300 enzymatic reactions. Several studies have shown that hypomagnesemia is a common electrolyte derangement in clinical setting especially in patients admitted to intensive care unit where it has been found to be associated with increase mortality and hospital stay. Hypomagnesemia can be caused by a wide range of inherited and acquired diseases. It can also be a side effect of several medications. Many studies have reported that reduced levels of magnesium are associated with a wide range of chronic diseases. Magnesium can play important therapeutic and preventive role in several conditions such as diabetes, osteoporosis, bronchial asthma, preeclampsia, migraine, and cardiovascular diseases. This review is aimed at comprehensively collating the current available published evidence and clinical correlates of magnesium disorders.
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| 3. |
- Barbaro, M, et al.
(författare)
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Multigeneration Inheritance through Fertile XX Carriers of an NR0B1 (DAX1) Locus Duplication in a Kindred of Females with Isolated XY Gonadal Dysgenesis
- 2012
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Ingår i: International journal of endocrinology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-8345 .- 1687-8337. ; 2012, s. 504904-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A 160 kb minimal common region in Xp21 has been determined as the cause of XY gonadal dysgenesis, if duplicated. The region contains theMAGEBgenes and theNR0B1gene; this is the candidate for gonadal dysgenesis if overexpressed. Most patients present gonadal dysgenesis within a more complex phenotype. However, few independent cases have recently been described presenting with isolated XY gonadal dysgenesis caused by relatively smallNR0B1locus duplications. We have identified anotherNR0B1duplication in two sisters with isolated XY gonadal dysgenesis with an X-linked inheritance pattern. We performed X-inactivation studies in three fertile female carriers of three different smallNR0B1locus duplications identified by our group. The carrier mothers did not show obvious skewing of X-chromosome inactivation, suggesting thatNR0B1overexpression does not impair ovarian function. We furthermore emphasize the importance to investigate theNR0B1locus also in patients with isolated XY gonadal dysgenesis.
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| 4. |
- Egerod, Kristoffer L., et al.
(författare)
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beta-Cell Specific Overexpression of GPR39 Protects against Streptozotocin-Induced Hyperglycemia
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Endocrinology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-8337 .- 1687-8345.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mice deficient in the zinc-sensor GPR39, which has been demonstrated to protect cells against endoplasmatic stress and cell death in vitro, display moderate glucose intolerance and impaired glucose-induced insulin secretion. Here, we use the Tet-On system under the control of the proinsulin promoter to selectively overexpress GPR39 in the beta cells in a double transgenic mouse strain and challenge them with multiple low doses of streptozotocin, which in the wild-type littermates leads to a gradual increase in nonfasting glucose levels and glucose intolerance observed during both food intake and OGTT. Although the overexpression of the constitutively active GPR39 receptor in animals not treated with streptozotocin appeared by itself to impair the glucose tolerance slightly and to decrease the beta-cell mass, it nevertheless totally protected against the gradual hyperglycemia in the steptozotocin-treated animals. It is concluded that GPR39 functions in a beta-cell protective manner and it is suggested that it is involved in some of the beneficial, beta-cell protective effects observed for Zn(++) and that GPR39 may be a target for antidiabetic drug intervention.
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| 5. |
- Espes, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Increased Circulating Betatrophin Concentrations in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Endocrinology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-8337 .- 1687-8345. ; 2014, s. 323407-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Betatrophin has recently been described as a key hormone to stimulate beta-cell mass expansion in response to insulin resistance and obesity in mice. The finding has generated an interest in the development of antidiabetic drugs with betatrophin as the active component. However, the circulating levels of betatrophin in patients with type 2 diabetes are not well known. Betatrophin concentrations in plasma of 27 type 2 diabetes patients and 18 gender-, age-, and BMI-matched controls were measured. Study participants were characterized with regard to BMI, waist and hip circumference, blood pressure, and fasting plasma blood lipids, creatinine, glucose, HbA1c, and C-peptide. HOMA2 indices were calculated. Betatrophin was 40% higher in patients with type 2 diabetes (893 +/- 80 versus 639 +/- 66 pg/mL). Betatrophin positively correlated with age in the controls and with HbA1c in the type 2 diabetes patients. All study participants were insulin resistant with mean HOMA2B IR in both groups exceeding 2 and HOMA2% S < 50%. Control individuals had impaired fasting glucose concentrations. In this report on betatrophin concentrations in type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance, elevated betatrophin levels were measured in the patients with type 2 diabetes. Future studies are clearly needed to delineate the exact role, if any, of betatrophin in regulating human beta-cell mass.
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| 6. |
- Geidenstam, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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Amino Acid Signatures to Evaluate the Beneficial Effects of Weight Loss
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Endocrinology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-8337 .- 1687-8345. ; 2017
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims. We investigated the relationship between circulating amino acid levels and obesity; to what extent weight loss followed by weight maintenance can correct amino acid abnormalities; and whether amino acids are related to weight loss. Methods. Amino acids associated with waist circumference (WC) and BMI were studied in 804 participants from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Cardiovascular Cohort (MDC-CC). Changes in amino acid levels were analyzed after weight loss and weight maintenance in 12 obese subjects and evaluated in a replication cohort (n = 83). Results. Out of the eight identified BMI-associated amino acids from the MDC-CC, alanine, isoleucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and glutamate decreased after weight loss, while asparagine increased after weight maintenance. These changes were validated in the replication cohort. Scores that were constructed based on obesity-associated amino acids and known risk factors decreased in the ≥10% weight loss group with an associated change in BMI (R(2) = 0.16-0.22, p < 0.002), whereas the scores increased in the <10% weight loss group (p < 0.0004). Conclusions. Weight loss followed by weight maintenance leads to differential changes in amino acid levels associated with obesity. Treatment modifiable scores based on epidemiological and interventional data may be used to evaluate the potential metabolic benefit of weight loss.
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| 7. |
- Hopkins, Mark, et al.
(författare)
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Fasting Leptin Is a Metabolic Determinant of Food Reward in Overweight and Obese Individuals during Chronic Aerobic Exercise Training
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Endocrinology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-8337 .- 1687-8345. ; , s. 323728-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Changes in food reward have been implicated in exercise-induced compensatory eating behaviour. However, the underlying mechanisms of food reward, and the physiological correlates of exercise-induced changes in food reward, are unknown. Methods. Forty-six overweight and obese individuals completed 12 weeks of aerobic exercise. Body composition, food intake, and fasting metabolic-related hormones were measured at baseline, week six, and postintervention. On separate days, the reward value of high-and-low-fat food (explicit liking and implicit wanting) was also assessed at baseline, week six, and postintervention. Results. Following the intervention, FM, FFM, and VO2peak improved significantly, while fasting leptin decreased. However, food intake or reward did not change significantly. Cross-sectional analyses indicated that FM (P = 0.022) and FFM (P = 0.046) were associated with explicit liking for high-fat food, but implicit wanting was associated with FM only (P = 0.005). Fasting leptin was associated with liking (P = 0.023) and wanting (P = 0.021) for high-fat food. Furthermore, a greater exercise-induced decline in fasting leptin was associated with increased liking (P = 0.018). Conclusion. These data indicate that food reward has a number of physiological correlates. In particular, fasting leptin appears to play an active role in mediating food reward during exercise-induced weight loss.
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| 8. |
- Huang, YJ, et al.
(författare)
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Mitochondrial DNA: A New Predictor of Diabetic Kidney Disease
- 2020
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Ingår i: International journal of endocrinology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-8337 .- 1687-8345. ; 2020, s. 3650937-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common cause of end-stage renal disease, and diagnosis and treatment in time can help delay its progress. At present, there are more and more studies on the pathogenesis of DKD; mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in DKD. The occurrence and development of DKD is closely related to epigenetic changes and the interaction between mtDNA, ROS, inflammatory factors, and endothelial damage, which continuously aggravates kidney. The change of mtDNA is both the cause of DKD and the result of DKD. It is of great significance to incorporate the change of mtDNA into the monitoring of patients with diabetes. Existing evidence indicates that changes in mtDNA copy number in blood and urine reflect mitochondrial dysfunction and the severity of DKD. However, large-scale, long-term follow-up clinical trials are still needed to determine the threshold range. By the time, mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants will become a new method for the treatment of DKD and other diabetic complications; mtDNA also can be a therapeutic target for them.
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| 9. |
- Juhlin, CC, et al.
(författare)
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Parafibromin as a diagnostic instrument for parathyroid carcinoma-lone ranger or part of the posse?
- 2010
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Ingår i: International journal of endocrinology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-8345 .- 1687-8337. ; 2010, s. 324964-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma requires an invasive growth pattern or metastases detected at histopathological examination; unfortunately, not all carcinomas exhibit visible malignant properties at the initial assessment. Therefore, immunohistochemical markers have been sought for the recognition of parathyroid malignancy. In 2003, theHyperparathyroidism 2 (HRPT2)gene was found mutated in the majority of sporadic parathyroid carcinomas investigated, and studies regarding the protein product parafibromin proposed loss of nuclear parafibromin as a highly sensitive marker for the detection of parathyroid carcinoma. Recent studies have not fully reproduced these findings, as subsets of carcinomas display positive parafibromin immunoreactivity, and fractions of adenomas demonstrate absent expression. Overall, parafibromin is a marker of value to the endocrine pathologist, but it cannot be recommended as a sole indicator of parathyroid carcinoma. Additional markers such as protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) could complement parafibromin when assessing malignant potential of parathyroid tumours.
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| 10. |
- Kreitschmann-Andermahr, Ilonka, et al.
(författare)
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Support Needs of Patients with Cushing's Disease and Cushing's Syndrome : Results of a Survey Conducted in Germany and the USA
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Endocrinology. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 1687-8337 .- 1687-8345.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Cushing's disease (CD) and Cushing's syndrome (CS) are chronic illnesses, characterized by symptoms of prolonged hypercortisolism, which often changes to hypocortisolism after successful treatment. In view of the high disease burden of CD/CS patients and long-term impaired quality of life, the present survey was conducted to gain information about subjective illness distress and patients' specific needs in terms of supportive measures beyond medical interventions. Patients and Methods. Cross-sectional questionnaire study including patients with CD treated in 2 German neurosurgical tertiary referral centers and CD/CS patient members of a US-based patient support group completed a survey inquiring about disease burden, coping strategies, and support needs. Additionally, the degree of interest in different offers, e.g., internet-based programs and seminars, was assessed. Results. 84 US and 71 German patients answered the questionnaire. Patients in both countries indicated to suffer from Cushing-related symptoms, reduced performance, and psychological problems. 48.8% US patients and 44.4% German patients stated that good medical care and competent doctors helped them the most in coping with the illness. US patients were more interested in support groups (p = 0.035) and in courses on illness coping (p = 0.008) than the German patients, who stated to prefer brochures (p = 0.001). 89.3% of US patients would attend internet-based programs compared to 75.4% of German patients (p = 0.040). There were no differences between groups for the preferred duration of and the willingness to pay for such a program, but US patients would travel longer distances to attend a support meeting (p = 0.027). Conclusion. Patients in both countries need skilled physicians and long-term medical care in dealing with the effects of CD/CS, whereas other support needs differ between patients of both countries. The latter implies that not only disease-specific but also culture-specific training programs would need to be considered to satisfy the needs of patients in different countries.
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