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| 2. |
- Nylander, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia spectrum disorders in adults - Is there a connection? : A literature review and some suggestions for future clinical research
- 2008
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Ingår i: Clinical Neuropsychiatry. - Rom : Giovanni Fioriti Editore. - 1724-4935. ; 5:1, s. 43-54
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since autism was first described, there has been an ongoing discussion concerning the connections, if any, with schizophrenia. Once thought to be the same disorder, autistic disorder and childhood schizophrenia were in the 1970s shown to be distinguishable by symptomatology and age of onset. However, as the concept of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) as well as that of schizophrenia spectrum disorders have evolved, the distinction has become less clear. To begin with the increased frequency of ASD diagnosed in adults of normal intelligence has brought up the issue of possible comorbidily of ASD and psychoses. Second, in the schizophrenia research field, it has become clear that schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder, implying that a liability may be manifested by developmental delays or abnormalities appearing in early childhood. Thus, as neurodevelopmental markers for adult schizophrenia have become better known, it seems reasonable to speculate that ASD may be among several such vulnerability factors. Finally, autistic symptoms in adults and some non-psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia are not always easily distinguishable. Cognitive impairments, deficit symptoms and motor symptoms including catatonia may be features of ASD as well as of schizophrenia. Until we have reliable biological markers for psychiatric syndromes, differential diagnosis between ASD, particularly in patients of normal intelligence, and psychoses, particularly some variants within the schizophrenia spectrum, will remain difficult. A further confounding factor is the possibility of comorbidity. More studies are needed, preferably as collaborative efforts between adult psychiatry and child and adolescent psychiatry.
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| 3. |
- Rydén, E., et al.
(författare)
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Autism spectrum disorder in an adult psychiatric population : A naturalistic cross sectional controlled study
- 2008
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Ingår i: Clinical Neuropsychiatry. - 1724-4935. ; 5:1, s. 13-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Object: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) e.g. autism, Asperger syndrome, and Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified, have yet to become a focus of attention in clinical adult psychiatry. The aims of the present study were firstly to characterize psychiatric patients with ASD in regard to demographical factors, psychiatric comorbidity and personality traits and compare the ASD group with a psychiatric control group in these respects. Secondly. we wanted to compare differences of personalily traits between females and males in the ASD group.Method: Adult psychiatric patients where ASD or attention deficit hyperactivily disorder (ADHD) was suspected were referred to a tertiary unit in Stockholm 2001-2006. All patients diagnosed at the unit with ASD (n=84; 39 females and 45 males) were consecutively included and compared to all 46 identically interviewed and assessed patients who did not receive an ASD or ADHD diagnosis. Among scales used were the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), SCID II Screen, and Swedish universities Scales of Personality (SSP).Results: ASD patients had an equal educational level but a lower social and occupational functioniug. Their GAF scores were significantly lower compared to the control group. Prior to referral, major depressive disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorders were the most common psychiatric diagnoses. In the assessment approximately 1/3 fulfilled diagnostic criteria for comorbid ADHD. The patients with ASD also had significantly more schizotypal and avoidant personality traits according to SCID II screen. In SSP, patients with ASD rated themselves significantly higher on Stress-susceptibility, Embitterment, Detachment, Trait irritability and Lack of assertiveness than controls. Females with ASD scored significantly higher than males on borderline and passive-aggressive traits according to the SCID II Screen and on Embitterment and Trait irritability m the SSP.Conclusions: We could show that psychiatric patients with ASD have a low level of functioning and a personality profile which is gender specific. This may contribute to the identification and understanding of patients with ASD in adult psychiatry.
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| 4. |
- Skeppar, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Neurodevelopmental disorders with comorbid affective disorders sometimes produce psychiatric conditions traditionally diagnosed as schizophrenia
- 2013
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Ingår i: Clinical Neuropsychiatry. - 1724-4935. ; 10:3-4, s. 123-133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The knowledge in psychiatric genetics, neuroanatomy, functional neuroanatomy, neuropsychology, neuropsychopharmacology and clinical psychiatry, has immensely increased in the last decades. Here, the psychiatric conditions schizophrenia, affective disorders and autism spectrum disorder are discussed. Reported findings in relevant literature and our clinical experience in adult psychiatry in line with these findings, are subjects of this article. Disorders that in the last 100 years typically have been described as schizophrenia might today be better viewed as neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD:s), particularly autism spectrum disorder, combined with affective disorders. Also in affective disorders, without any signs and symptoms typical of a diagnosis of schizophrenia, NDD:s are very common, albeit generally less severe. The ensuing view on schizophrenia and on affective disorders respectively has very important and far reaching conceptual and clinical implications.
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| 5. |
- Uvnäs-Moberg, Kerstin
(författare)
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Oxytocin, a possible treatment for COVID-19? Everything to gain, nothing to lose
- 2020
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Ingår i: Clinical Neuropsychiatry. - 1724-4935. ; 17, s. 192-195
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- After comparing the morbidity patterns of COVID-19 infections, variations of oxytocin levels and some properties of the neurohormone oxytocin, the authors put forward their hypothesis that oxytocin might constitute a safe, inexpensive and readily available treatment for this disease.
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