| 1. |
- Aazami, J., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of three environmental flow techniques in Shoor wetland of Golpayegan, Iran
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1735-1472 .- 1735-2630. ; 19:8, s. 7885-7898
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shoor wetland, in south central Iran, is a unique ecosystem which plays an important role in maintaining stability of this eco-region. The most important function of Shoor is dust control. Environmental flow releases are a tool for wetland restoration, but their success has not been consistent. We utilized Justin (Watershed), Flow Duration Curve (FDC), and Water Resources Balance (WRB) methods to determine optimal environmental flow for Shoor wetland, which can help in its preservation. Data pertaining to Golpayegan River flow, reported by Chamesfand Hydrometric Station between 1985 and 2017 were used for FDC analysis. FDC results say that 60% of flow frequency occurrence in to Shoor is < 2 m3/s, and 20% is > 5 m3/s. Water resource balance analysis indicates that between May and November, environmental flow to Shoor is negative, and the wetland is in desiccation mode. Suggesting that, at this time, surface water charges are essential for health of the wetland. The average monthly environmental flow rate (l/s) for each method are as follows: Justin (1282), FDC (1397.5), and WRB (5373). Environmental flow assessed by WRB is the highest. To protect health of Shoor and prevent further degradation of this wetland, we recommend shutting down agricultural drains. This action will safeguard appropriate groundwater levels and protect areas of Shoor that are prone to dust creation. Better well water management will also help restore Shoor ecosystem. We highly recommend these measures.
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| 2. |
- Bodlund, Ida, et al.
(författare)
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Coagulant proteins identified in Mustard : a potential water treatment agent
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1735-1472 .- 1735-2630. ; 11:4, s. 873-880
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of natural coagulant protein in drinking water treatment has been discussed for a long time, though the method is still not in practice, probably due to limited knowledge and availability of material. In the present work, different Mustard varieties were tested for the presence of coagulant protein compared with Moringa seed extract and their potential application in water treatment. The coagulation activity of the protein extract was measured using synthetic clay solution as well as water from pond. The protein content was determined by Bradford method, molecular mass determined by Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and peptide sequence was analyzed by Mass spectrometry. Extract of Mustard (large) and Moringa seed showed coagulation activity of a parts per thousand...70 and a parts per thousand...85 % after 90 min, respectively. Interestingly, seed extracts from other Mustard varieties had coagulation activity after heat activation at 95 A degrees C for 5 h. However, the coagulation activity of Mustard seed extract against turbid pond water was higher (a parts per thousand...60 %) compared to Moringa seed extract (a parts per thousand...50 %). The peptide sequence analysis of 6.5 and 9 kDa proteins was found to be homologous to Moringa coagulant protein and napin3, respectively. To our knowledge, this could be the first report on Mustard seed having coagulant protein. The coagulation activity of Mustard (large) against highly turbid pond water suggested that it could be a potential natural coagulant for water treatment.
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| 3. |
- Chaudhary, R., et al.
(författare)
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CO2-assisted removal of nutrients from municipal wastewater by microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. - : SPRINGER. - 1735-1472 .- 1735-2630. ; 15:10, s. 2183-2192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Axenic culture of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris ATCC((R)) 13482 and Scenedesmus obliquus FACHB 417 was used for phycoremediation of primary municipal wastewater. The main aim of this study was to measure the effects of normal air and CO2-augmented air on the removal efficacy of nutrients (ammonia N and phosphate P) from municipal wastewater by the two microalgae. Batch experiments were carried out in cylindrical glass bottles of 1L working volume at 25 degrees C and cool fluorescent light of 6500lux maintaining 14/10h of light/dark cycle with normal air supplied at 0.2Lmin(-1) per liter of the liquid for both algal strains for the experimental period. In the next set of experiments, the treatment process was enhanced by using 1, 2 and 5% CO2/air (vol./vol.) supply into microalgal cultures. The enrichment of inlet air with CO2 was found to be beneficial. The maximum removal of 76.3 and 76% COD, 94.2 and 92.6% ammonia, and 94.8 and 93.1% phosphate after a period of 10days was reported for C. vulgaris and S. obliquus, respectively, with 5% CO2/air supply. Comparing the two microalgae, maximum removal rates of ammonia and phosphate by C. vulgaris were 4.12 and 1.75mgL(-1)day(-1), respectively, at 5% CO2/air supply. From kinetic study data, it was found that the specific rates of phosphate utilization (q(phsophate)) by C. vulgaris and S. obliquus at 5% CO2/air supply were 1.98 and 2.11day(-1), respectively. Scale-up estimation of a reactor removing phosphate (the criteria pollutant) from 50 MLD wastewater influent was also done.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Granström, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Volatile organic compounds emitted from hardwood drying as a function of processing parameters
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. - 1735-1472 .- 1735-2630. ; 5:2, s. 141-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the drying of wood, volatile organic compounds are emitted. These emissions contribute, in the presence of nitrogen oxides and sunlight, to the formation of ground level ozone and other harmful photo-oxidants. Emissions of volatile organic compounds from the drying of birch sawdust in a spouted bed were analyzed with a flame ionization detector by flame ionization detector and with a gas chromatograph-mass pectrometer GC MS. A D-optimal model of the volatile organic compounds emissions showed that the emissions increased exponentially with decreasing sawdust moisture content and that the final sawdust moisture content was influencinge emissions about twice as much as the inlet drying medium temperature and the month of logging. At inlet temperatures of 140-170 °C, the emissions increased steeply when the moisture content of the sawdust reached 10 %, whereas an inlet temperature of 200 °C caused a surge of thermal degradation products at 15 % moisture content. The results of this study should help to reduce the emissions of volatile hydrocarbons during the drying of hardwood sawdust and wood chips
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| 6. |
- Håkansson, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Sulphate reducing bacteria to precipitate mercury after electrokinetic soil remediation
- 2008
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Ingår i: International journal of environmental science and technology. - 1735-1472 .- 1735-2630. ; 5:2, s. 267-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Combined treatment with electroremediation and sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) was tested in laboratory and pilot scale. The contaminated soil came from a chlor-alkali factory and contained about 100 mg/kg Hg. Iodide/iodine complexing agent was used to mobilize mercury. Mercury iodide complexes were moved to the anode solution using an electric field. The anode solution was then mixed with hydrogen sulphide (H2S) containing water, causing precipitation of mercury sulphide. The H2S was produced at site by a SRB reactor. Precipitation problems arising from the nature of the anode solution were expected, since this solution is highly acidic, very oxidised and may contain iodide/iodine that strongly complexes mercury and can hinder mercury sulphide precipitation. Mercury concentrations in the anode solution were up to 65.7 mg/L (field) and 15.4 mg/L (lab. scale). Reduction of mercury in the water was >93% at all times. Iodide did not hinder the process: Nonetheless, in the lab system, iodide concentration was high in the anode solution but mercury reduction was > 99.9%. The redox potential was sufficiently low for HgS precipitation during the experiments, except for a short period, when the mercury removal decreased to 94%. Sulphate reducing bacteria are shown as a viable tool for the treatment of mercury contaminated, acidic, oxidative, iodide containing water, such as that produced by electrokinetic remediation. A second SRB step or other water treatment is required to reduce the mercury concentration to environmentally acceptable levels. Redox. potential is the most sensitive factor in the system.
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| 7. |
- Jia, Yu, et al.
(författare)
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Geotechnical and chemical characterization of field-applied fly ash as sealing material over mine tailings
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. - : Springer. - 1735-1472 .- 1735-2630. ; 16:3, s. 1701-1710
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study addresses the geotechnical and chemical properties of sealing materials using a paper mill by-product, fly ash, on top of sulfide-bearing mine waste tailings after 5 years of field application. From a geotechnical perspective, the low in situ bulk density (≤ 1500 kg/m3) ensured a high degree of water saturation (90.2%) for the field-applied ash. The chemical characteristics and behaviors of the fly ash samples reflected a high long-term leaching capacity (liquid-to-solid ratio of 10 cm3/g) and high alkalinity (liquid-to-solid ratio of up to 500 cm3/g). The laboratory leaching results suggested that none of the elements released from the field-applied ash exceeded the EU limits for inert materials, and the concentrations of elements were far below the limits for hazardous materials at landfill sites. Based on the in situ and laboratory characterizations of the field-applied ash, the fly ash sealing material was considered geotechnically stable. However, a number of geotechnical parameters could not be measured due to the cementation of the ash. Moreover, the chemical composition of the field-applied ash exhibited considerable variations when compared with that of the raw ash generated from the same paper mill. Overall, the field-applied ash displayed high alkalinity and effectively buffered the acid generated from sulfidic tailings for long-term sealing purposes.
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| 8. |
- Juranović Cindrić, Iva, et al.
(författare)
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Metals in pine needles : characterisation of bio-indicators depending on species
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. - : Springer. - 1735-1472 .- 1735-2630. ; 16:8, s. 4339-4346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Air pollution can be studied by appropriate bio-indicators, such as pine needles due to their waxy surface. Metal uptake and accumulation is determined by on growing area, but also on the respective species. Scope of the study was to analyse needles of Pinus densiflora Siebold et Zucc., Pinus nigra Arnold, Pinus sylvestris L., and Pinus thunbergiana Franco for metals and metalloids, namely Aluminum, Arsenic, Boron, Barium, Calcium, Cadmium, Cobalt, Copper, Chromium, Iron, Potassium, Lithium, Magnesium, Manganese, Molybdenum, Sodium, Nickel, Lead, Selenium, Strontium, and Zinc. Quantitation of the analytes was performed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry after acidic microwave-assisted digestion.The obtained data were checked for statistically significant differences. The metal levels differ between the various species, but no general tendency was found for all metals. Since the environmental conditions were the same for all sampled trees, the differences in metal accumulation are supposed to be linked to species of pine tree.The diverse accumulation behaviour can be used for treating polluted soil.
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| 9. |
- Khattab, R. A., et al.
(författare)
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Biodegradation of 17-β-estradiol in water
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1735-1472 .- 1735-2630. ; 16:8, s. 4935-4944
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study reports a potential biotechnical method of 17-β-estradiol removal in aquatic systems. The different bacterial strains isolated from sewage water samples were Bacillus sp., Enterobacter sp. I, Enterobacter sp. II, Klebsiella sp., Aeromonas veronii and Aeromonas punctate. These isolates were characterized on the basis of a single PCR reaction from the 5′ end of the PCR fragment to obtain > 700 bp of high-quality sequence. The adjoining lineages of each organism were obtained by BLAST searches. The identified bacterial species were incubated in a saline media under different concentrations of 17-β-estradiol in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The concentrations of CO2 and 17-β-estradiol were measured by GC and HPLC, respectively. The percentage degradations of 17-β-estradiol in aerobic and anaerobic conditions were 100 and 91.56%, respectively, using Klebsiella and Bacillus species. The developed and reported method is an inexpensive, selective and economic. This method may be used to remove 17-β-estradiol in any water resource.
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| 10. |
- Kokare, Samruddha, et al.
(författare)
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A comparative life cycle assessment of stretchable and rigid electronics : a case study of cardiac monitoring devices
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. - : Springer Nature. - 1735-1472 .- 1735-2630.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stretchable electronics is a new innovation and becoming popular in various fields, especially in the healthcare sector. Since stretchable electronics use less printed circuit boards (PCBs), it is expected that the environmental performance of a stretchable electronics-based device is better than a rigid electronics-based device that provides the same functionalities. Yet, such a study is rarely available. Thus, the main purpose of this research is to perform a comparative life cycle analysis of stretchable and rigid electronics-based devices. This research combines both the case study approach and the research review approach. For the case study, a cardiac monitoring device with both stretchable and rigid electronics is used. The ISO 14044:2006 standard's prescribed LCA approach and ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (Hierarchist) are followed for the impact assessment using the SimaPro 9.1 software. The LCA results show that the stretchable cardiac monitoring device has better environmental performance in all eighteen impact categories. This research also shows that the manufacturing process of stretchable electronics has lower environmental impacts than those for rigid electronics. The main reasons for the improved environmental performance of stretchable electronics are lower consumption of raw material as well as decreased energy consumption during manufacturing. Based on the LCA results of a cardiac monitoring device, the study concludes that stretchable electronics and their manufacturing process have better environmental performance in comparison with the rigid electronics and their manufacturing process.
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