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| 2. |
- Aguilar Cabezas, Francisco X
(författare)
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Parcelized Cut-and-Carry Agroforestry Systems for Confined Livestock
- 2021
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Ingår i: Small-Scale Forestry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1873-7617 .- 1873-7854. ; 20, s. 119-143
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We characterize a parcelized land management system that does not meet traditional co-located agroforestry practices in the tropics. A cut-and-carry agroforestry system for confined livestock emphasizes land utilization as a source of fodder, cutting and carrying feed from parcels to paddocks near a farmer's home. It reduces feed cost by utilizing parcels under private, shared, and/or public ownership. Within cut-and-carry systems, we distinguish between those where parcels are managed as monocrops and traditional co-located agroforestry practices. Primary data for our case study were collected by surveying heads of household in Central Java, Indonesia, and analyzed following a capitals-based rural livelihoods framework. A sample of 122 farmers who managed parcels under co-located agroforestry practices was compared against 50 farmers who implemented parcelized monocropping. Overall, the adoption of cut-and-carry systems supports financial resiliency by limiting cash expenditures, facilitating income diversification, and producing assets that meet planned market opportunities and unforeseen cash needs. Survey results show that farmers who engage in parcelized agroforestry have more farming experience, higher farming income, are located at higher elevations, and live farther from the nearest local market. On-farm income among agroforestry cut-and-carry farmers was on average 11.1% higher than those using a cut-and-carry system but only adopting monocrop practices. Land as a biophysical capital asset under full private-ownership and at higher altitudes, and longer farming experience as a human capital asset, increased the likelihood of adopting parcelized co-located agroforestry practices. Membership in cash-crop cooperatives as a form of social capital asset was associated with a higher likelihood of managing land as parcelized monocrops.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Elias, et al.
(författare)
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Services for What and for Whom? A Literature Review of Private Forest Owners' Decision-Making in Relation to Forest-Based Services
- 2023
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Ingår i: Small-Scale Forestry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1873-7617 .- 1873-7854. ; 22, s. 511-535
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The more distanced forest owners become from their forests, the more room there is for different kinds of advice and service provision to help them in their forest management decisions. Therefore, the quality and adaptation of these services impact the use of forest resources significantly, including at a broader scale. Even though the forest owners' decision-making at the general level, as well as the role of advisory services and their efficiency has been the subject of various studies, literature on how forest owners make decisions in relation to the various types of service provisions appears to be limited, and no systematic review has been found. To offer a better understanding of the present state of knowledge on, and the relations between, decision-making, forest related services, and forest ownership, this literature review provides an overview of the scientific research between 2008 and 2020 on private forest owners' decision-making related to services. The results show that the forest owners' decision-making related to services has been gaining increasing interest as a research topic, especially during the last 5-6 years. However, it is still dominated by a few countries and contexts. In addition, in the current research decision-making concept is mostly understood as a decision outcome i.e., the forest owners' choice between typically two alternatives. The importance of process-based understanding on decision-making, on the other hand, seemed to be largely missing from the forest owner studies. As conclusions, five proposals for future research avenues are presented.
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| 5. |
- Attramadal, Havard, et al.
(författare)
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Report on the 11th international workshop on the CCN family of genes, Nice, October 20-24, 2022
- 2023
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF CELL COMMUNICATION AND SIGNALING. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1873-9601 .- 1873-961X. ; 17:1, s. 7-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In celebration of the twentieth anniversary of the inception of the CCN society, and of the first post-Covid-19 live meeting, the executive board of the ICCNS had chosen Nice as the venue for the 11th International workshop on the CCN family of genes. On this occasion participation in the meeting was extended to colleagues from other cell signaling fields who were invited to present both an overview of their work and the future directions of their laboratory. Also, for the first time, the members of the JCCS Editorial Board were invited to participate in a JCCS special session during which all aspects of the journal & laquo; life & raquo; were addressed and opened to free critical discussion. The scientific presentations and the discussions that followed showed once more that an expansion of the session topics was beneficial to the quality of the meeting and confirmed that the ARBIOCOM project discussed last April in Nice was now on track to be launched in 2023. The participants unanimously welcomed Professor Attramadal's proposition to organize the 2024, 12th International CCN workshop in Oslo, Norway.
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| 6. |
- Danley, Brian, et al.
(författare)
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Following up with Forest Inheritors : A Survival Analysis of Recently Inherited and Recently Sold Non-Industrial Forest Land in the State of Washington, USA
- 2024
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Ingår i: Small-scale Forestry. - : Springer. - 1873-7617 .- 1873-7854. ; 23:1, s. 175-189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A growing body of literature shows that the transfer of forest land from one owner to another in the US is associated with events such as parcelization of forest land and/or the subsequent conversion of the land away from forestry land use. For individuals and families who own forest land, a key driver of ownership transfer is the eventual or actual mortality of forest owners themselves. In the State of Washington as well as the US nationally, studies on forest legacy planning reveal that most forest owners want their children or grandchildren to own their forest properties after they no longer own the forest. In contrast, the same surveys also show that a majority of US forest owners acquired their forest land by purchasing the land from a non-relative. We utilize the Washington State Forestland Database to conduct a non-parametric survival analysis of how long recently inherited forest properties remain fully owned by the new owners (i.e. there is no subsequent sale associated with the property) compared to forest land that was sold. Results show that inherited parcels have a significantly lower survival probability as measured by remaining solely within the ownership of the new owner relative to parcels that were sold within an 8-year period. This study quantifies how the mode of forest transfer influences the duration of the following ownership lifecycle and indicates that stewardship efforts should be tailored for owners who have recently inherited forest lands.
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| 7. |
- Darynova, Zhuldyz, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability and stability of a statistical model to predict ground-based PM 2.5 over 10 years in Karachi, Pakistan, using satellite observations
- 2023
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Ingår i: Air Quality, Atmosphere and Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1873-9318 .- 1873-9326. ; 16:4, s. 669-679
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the complex mechanisms of climate change and its environmental consequences requires the collection and subsequent analysis of geospatial data from observations and numerical modeling. Multivariable linear regression and mixed-effects models were used to estimate daily surface fine particulate matter (PM2.5) levels in the megacity of Pakistan. The main parameters for the multivariable linear regression model were the 10-km-resolution satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD) and daily averaged meteorological parameters from ground monitoring (temperature, dew point, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and planetary boundary layer height). Ground-based PM2.5 was measured in two stations in the city, Korangi (industrial/residential) and Tibet Center (commercial/residential). The initial linear regression model was modified using a stepwise selection procedure and adding interaction parameters. Finally, the modified model showed a strong correlation between the PM2.5–satellite AOD and other meteorological parameters (R2 = 0.88–0.92 and p-value = 10−7 depending on the season and station). The mixed-effect technique improved the model performance by increasing the R2 values to 0.99 and 0.93 for the Korangi and Tibet Center sites, respectively. Cross-validation methods were used to confirm the reliability of the model to predict PM2.5 after 10 years.
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| 8. |
- Fu, Xi, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between species-level indoor microbiome, environmental characteristics, and asthma in junior high schools of Terengganu, Malaysia
- 2022
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Ingår i: Air quality, atmosphere and health. - : Springer Nature. - 1873-9318 .- 1873-9326. ; 15:6, s. 1043-1055
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Indoor microbiome exposure is important for asthma development, but current studies characterize the microbiome at the genus or above levels due to technical limitations. We aim to profile bacterial and fungal composition and concentration at the species level and assess its potential health effects. Four hundred sixty-three students from 8 junior high schools in Terengganu, Malaysia, were surveyed for asthma symptoms. Full-length PacBio amplicon sequencing and qPCR were conducted to quantify the absolute microbial concentration in the vacuum dust of the selected classroom. In total, 1358 bacterial and 358 fungal species were characterized, and drastic compositional variation was observed among classrooms. Three-level linear regression analyses revealed that taxa richness in Cyanobacteria were negatively associated with asthma (FDR < 0.001). The absolute concentration of Nocardioides exalbidus was protectively associated with asthma, and four bacteria species were positively associated with asthma (FDR < 0.1). Interestingly, all five species were recently isolated and characterized in Asian countries and never reported to associate with asthma. Indoor NO2 and formaldehyde concentration were associated with the overall bacterial community variation and fungal richness, respectively (p < 0.05). No environmental characteristics were directly associated with asthma, but indoor relative humidity, CO2 concentration, and weight of vacuum dust were associated with the asthma-related species (p < 0.05), suggesting a potential indirect health effect on students. This is the first study to characterize indoor microbiome and asthma-associated microorganisms at the species level, representing a region-specific microbiome exposure pattern in a tropical Asian country.
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| 9. |
- Häggström, Carola, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge Retention and Changes in Licensed Chainsaw Workers’ risk awareness
- 2023
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Ingår i: Small-Scale Forestry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1873-7617 .- 1873-7854. ; 22, s. 103-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Work with chainsaws is hazardous and felling trees is the activity with the highest risks for injuries and fatalities. While industrial forestry is increasingly mechanized, manual felling is still the main work method for private, small-scale forest owners. During this work, the workers' safety heavily depends on their skill and safe practice, so training is presumably important for preventing injuries and reducing fatalities. Unfortunately, private forest owners have been difficult to reach with this kind of safety intervention. Moreover, target chainsaw users are not likely to repeat the training very frequently. Hence, the training must both be effective and be so for many years to come. This paper addresses the knowledge retention and self-reported changes in behaviour of 682 chainsaw users who passed the exam for the Swedish chainsaw licence 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9 years previously. Acquisition of the licence resulted in a strong increase in 98% of the participants' risk awareness and safe work practices. Less than half (45%) of the participants passed a re-test equivalent to the theoretical examination for the chainsaw licence. Private forest owners performed somewhat better than employees did. The main indicator of retained knowledge of safe chainsaw handling was frequency of practice the previous year. After one year, the test results did not deteriorate with additional time. Based on those results, the best practice is to ensure regular usage of the chainsaw and refresher training when the chainsaw has not been used for a year.
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| 10. |
- Kilbo Edlund, Karl, et al.
(författare)
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High-resolution dispersion modelling of PM2.5, PM10, NOx and NO2 exposure in metropolitan areas in Sweden 2000‒2018 – large health gains due to decreased population exposure
- 2024
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Ingår i: Air Quality, Atmosphere and Health. - 1873-9318 .- 1873-9326.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ambient air pollution remains the major environmental cause of disease. Accurate assessment of population exposure and small-scale spatial exposure variations over long time periods is essential for epidemiological studies. We estimated annual exposure to fine and coarse particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), and nitrogen oxides (NOx, NO2) with high spatial resolution to examine time trends 2000‒2018, compliance with the WHO Air Quality Guidelines, and assess the health impact. The modelling area covered six metropolitan areas in Sweden with a combined population of 5.5 million. Long-range transported air pollutants were modelled using a chemical transport model with bias correction, and locally emitted air pollutants using source-specific Gaussian-type dispersion models at resolutions up to 50 × 50m. The modelled concentrations were validated using quality-controlled monitoring data. Lastly, we estimated the reduction in mortality associated with the decrease in population exposure. The validity of modelled air pollutant concentrations was good (R2 for PM2.5 0.84, PM10 0.61, and NOx 0.87). Air pollution exposure decreased substantially, from a population weighted mean exposure to PM2.5 of 12.2µgm−3 in 2000 to 5.4µgm−3 in 2018. We estimated that the decreased exposure was associated with a reduction of 2719 (95% CI 2046–3055) premature deaths annually. However, in 2018, 65%, 8%, and 42% of residents in the modelled areas were still exposed to PM2.5, PM10, or NO2 levels, respectively, that exceeded the current WHO Air Quality Guidelines for annual average exposure. This emphasises the potential public health benefits of reductions in air pollution emissions.
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