| 1. |
- Bjärstig, Therese, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Implementing collaborative planning in the swedish mountains : The case of Vilhelmina
- 2018
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Ingår i: WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment. - Southampto : WIT Press. - 9781784662912 ; , s. 781-796, s. 781-795
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Critical appraisals have stressed the need for participation and social learning in spatial planning, and planning is now seen as a process of innovative collaboration by multiple actors. During such ‘collaborative planning’, various parties try to develop new inclusive strategies through dialog. Collaborative planning is a major strand of current planning theory and highlights the need for new methods that involve citizen participation. In Sweden, the realization of collaborative planning in practice remains elusive, and research on the subject is limited, so further studies are needed. Thus, in the project “Green planning: Vilhelmina as a testbed for innovative land use planning in the mountain region”, we tested and implemented methods for involving citizens and other land-use stakeholders in the process of developing Vilhelmina municipality’s comprehensive plan (MCP). This paper presents lessons learned from that process and data obtained from a set of focus groups, a workshop, surveys, and personal communication. From these activities in the Swedish mountain region, we learned that collaborative practices have both pros and cons that must be addressed for practical realization of the widely embraced ideal of collaborative planning.
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| 2. |
- Cai, Zhichang, et al.
(författare)
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Ecological urban design through Material and Energy Flow Analysis and Life Cycle Assessment : From an architect's perspective
- 2010
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Ingår i: Wit Transactions on Ecology and The Environment. - 1746-448X .- 1743-3541. ; 142, s. 3-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The process of ecological urban design was studied through the perspective of Material/Energy Flow Analysis from an architect's viewpoint. The study examined how to control and adjust the production, transportation, distribution and consumption of material and energy flows in built environment systems, and how to analyse the relevant ecological design methods. Two environmental methods were used, Material/Energy Flow Analysis as the main method and Life Cycle Assessment as a parallel method, to analyse the 'integrated efficiency' of material and energy utilisation in the built environment and its significance for sustainable design. The analysis was applied to two cases: Material Flow Analysis of household wastewater treatment and Energy Flow Analysis of energy for heating and cooling buildings.
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| 3. |
- Castell, Pål, 1974
(författare)
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Space for Community : on the study of resident involvement in neighborhood space management
- 2006
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Ingår i: The Sustainable City IV : Urban Regeneration and Sustainability. - 1743-3541.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objects of study of this paper are groups of residents that are engaged in gardening and other management tasks in their neighbourhood. Such participation processes are sometimes promoted as a salvation of decline and eroded social capital in marginalised urban communities. This paper summarises experiences from previous Swedish case studies of resident involvement in open space management. It also proposes a revised classification model for the analysis, description and comparison of processes of resident involvement in neighbourhood space management in rental housing areas. The new typology is based on the level of autonomy, the management tasks, the type of contract and the type of compensation.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Edwards, Ylva, et al.
(författare)
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Quality-assured solutions for green roof gardens on concrete deck with zero tolerance for leaks
- 2016
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Ingår i: WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment. - : WIT Press. ; 204, s. 363-372
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eco-neighborhoods with gardens on concrete decks are for several reasons increasingly being prescribed today in major Swedish cities. However, there is a lack of knowledge, experience, standards and guidelines as well as collaboration between parties and stakeholders when installing such systems. It is incredibly important to avoid any leakage during the lifetime of a green roof garden but this cannot be completely guaranteed with today’s installation practice and project management. At Sustainable City 2014 in Siena, we presented a paper about a new project aiming at bringing together researchers, government and industry to collaborative development of new and attractive solutions for green roof gardens with consideration to the environment and high requirements for durability, materials, construction and energy efficiency. This paper is a continuation of the paper presented in Siena and reports on the most recent results from the collaborative project which will finalize in November 2016. After that, the project will be further evaluated in a proposed continuation project for another couple of years.
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| 6. |
- Edwards, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Quality-assured solutions for green roof gardens on concrete decks with zero tolerance for leaks
- 2014
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Ingår i: Wit Transactions on Ecology and The Environment. - : WITPress. - 1746-448X .- 1743-3541. ; 191, s. 635-645
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eco neighborhoods with green infrastructure solutions are increasingly being prescribed today in Swedish cities for reducing and attenuating storm water runoff, increasing biodiversity, having a temperature moderating effect and for energy saving. Thus, contractors are simply required to build with green gardens on concrete decks, such as green roofs, green terraces, green courtyards and green complete neighborhoods. A lot of knowledge and experience is in fact lacking today, and consequences may therefore be devastating. If green system solutions are to be seen as an obvious choice in future settlements, and not as a problem, there must be clear guidelines and specifications that ensure a sustainable outcome. This is missing today. This paper reports a project aiming at bringing together researchers, government and industry to the collaborative development of new and attractive solutions for green roof gardens with consideration to the environment and high requirements for durability, materials, construction and energy efficiency. These solutions must also be adaptable to similar types of facilities, specific needs and environments. One such area concerns public land such as parks, streets and squares on concrete decks. Certification and tailored guidelines for different types of systems are being developed. The initiating part of this project clearly indicates that there is a need for better understanding, more research and long term monitoring/follow up of green roofs. Furthermore, a holistic approach is introduced to ensure that one good green roof function will not have severe negative effects on other functions.
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| 7. |
- Elmi Mohamed, Abdullahi
(författare)
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Managing shared river basins in the Horn of Africa : Ethiopian planned water projects on the Juba and Shabelle Rivers and effects on downstream uses in Somalia
- 2013
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Ingår i: Wit Transactions on Ecology and The Environment. - 1746-448X .- 1743-3541. ; 172, s. 139-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Juba and Shabelle Rivers in the Horn of Africa are shared by Ethiopia, Kenya and Somalia. Most of the rivers' runoff originates from the Ethiopian Highlands. Before entering into the Indian Ocean, the rivers pass through a semidesert area and cross area of border dispute. The rivers are in a war-scarce, warravaged and contentious region. The paper examines the physical and developmental aspects of the two rivers, and analyses resulting trans-boundary river management issues. Methodology used is document and literature reviews, interviews with key persons and other relevant organizations. River master plans and other relevant documents describing policies as well as existing and planned uses were reviewed. The two rivers supply support important economic areas in southern Somalia. As an outcome from their master plans of the river basins, Ethiopia is now planning to build several large dams for hydropower generation and large scale irrigation schemes. No notifications were given to downstream Somalia, which will be the most affected downstream riparian of the projects. These unilateral major water development projects will have substantial adverse impacts on Somalia, as there are no agreements between the nations on sharing river waters. The sum of the existing uses in Somalia and planned ones in Ethiopia will exceed available water resources in the rivers. Potential disputes over the shared rivers are therefore likely to rise. Turning this risk of conflict into a sustainable peace and development in the region, the paper presents existing and potential opportunities for cooperation over the shared water resources for mutually sharing benefits.
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| 8. |
- Hasan, A., et al.
(författare)
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Estimating surface flow over digital elevation models using a new improved form-based algorithm
- 2011
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Ingår i: River Basin Management VI. - 1743-3541. - 9781845645168 ; 146, s. 201-212
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses new improvements of a form-based algorithm, which is used to estimate flow distribution over a continuous surface. In the new form- based algorithm (IFBFD), cells in a DEM are classified into five different classes. The classes are Peaks, Complicated, Sinks, Flats and Undisturbed cells. The method of how to estimate the flow distribution from each cell depends on its class. Estimating the flow distribution over flat area cells and sinks is done in an innovative way. The flow over a flat area can be either flow-out or flow-in. Flow-out occurs when one or more cells on the flat area border has an elevation lower than the flat area cells. The flat area is classified as 'flow-in' when all cells on the border of flat area have elevations higher than the flat area cells. The result is that the flow will be converged in the center of the flat area, and that cells will have no outflow (sink). Additionally, a culvert function is added to the new algorithm to enable the user to deal with man-made flow barriers like roads and railway lines. The new culvert function breaches the barrier and connects the flow between two defined points on both sides of it. The new algorithm is tested using the number of mathematical surfaces, as well as on a real DEM derived from LIDAR data. The results of comparing our new algorithm with some well-known algorithm used in most GIS programs shows that the IFBFD algorithm produces more realistic results than other algorithms. Tests show the capability of the new IFBFD algorithm to deal with different terrain types, flat areas and sinks, making it suitable for simulating the real flow distribution over any DEM without the need to e.g. fill sinks. Moreover, the IFBFD algorithm produces a convincing result when deriving the drainage network.
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| 9. |
- Levihn, Fabian, et al.
(författare)
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Biomass and waste incineration CHP: co-benefits of primary energy savings, reduced emissions and costs
- 2014
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Ingår i: Wit Transactions on Ecology and The Environment. - : WIT Press. - 1746-448X .- 1743-3541. ; 190, s. 127-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy utility companies face trade-offs in navigating through today’s environmental challenges. On the one hand they face intense political, social and environmental pressures to move towards adopting energy systems that incorporate the use of renewable energy resources. By making this transition they would contribute to carbon reduction and mitigate climate change. On the other hand, they need to coordinate their resources and become efficient when investing in new plants or upgrading existing production systems. This paper seeks to address the gains that utility companies can make when replacing older fossil fuel base- plants with efficient combined heat and power (CHP) plants. We discuss the system effects from the changes in production of other units when new plants are constructed. Using one of the largest energy utility companies in Sweden, Fortum, as empirical point of departure, we analyzed the company’s transition from using coal and hydrocarbons to an increased use of renewables and waste incineration CHP. Our analysis was based on comprehensive production data on CO2, SOx and NOx emissions. Our findings suggest that primary energy consumption drops when older, less efficient fossil plants are substituted for new efficient CHP plants; this drop includes the effect on remaining production. The benefits in terms of primary energy savings might even be greater than what is achieved in meeting the goal of climate change abatement through reduced CO2 emissions; NOx and SOx emissions are decreased with new biomass CHPs. Waste incineration CHP increase NOx and SOx emissions, when there is less fossil fuel to replace after the use of biomass is extended. In both cases, economic efficiency increase as costs are reduced.
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| 10. |
- Mehaffy, Michael W., et al.
(författare)
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Public spaces and private conflicts in the new urban agenda
- 2019
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Ingår i: Wit Transactions on Ecology and The Environment. - : WITPress. - 1746-448X .- 1743-3541. ; 238, s. 87-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The New Urban Agenda, developed at the UN-Habitat III conference on sustainable urban development and later adopted by consensus by 193 countries, includes nine paragraphs affirming the importance of robust public space networks for sustainable and functional cities. But what are the essential requirements for functional public space in cities? What are the current challenges and shortcomings – especially at a time of rapid urbanization, and the decline of public spaces in many cities? We report on a literature survey done by the Centre for the Future of Places at KTH Royal Institute of Technology, as part of a collaboration with UN-Habitat towards implementation of the New Urban Agenda. The literature provides ample evidence that public spaces are arenas for numerous potential conflicts, but also, if properly allocated and structured, places of peaceful co-presence, creative interaction, participation, and co-production. Furthermore, a critical aspect of successful public space is the ability to self-organise into a structure of territorial regions, combining private interiors with connective public edges. We discuss larger lessons for city structure, design and development strategy, and sustainable urbanisation for the future.
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