| 1. |
- Ali, Neserin, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of nanoparticle-protein coronas formed in vitro between nanosized welding particles and nasal lavage proteins.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nanotoxicology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1743-5390 .- 1743-5404. ; 10:2, s. 226-234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Welding fumes include agglomerated particles built up of primary nanoparticles. Particles inhaled through the nose will to some extent be deposited in the protein-rich nasal mucosa, and a protein corona will be formed around the particles. The aim was to identify the protein corona formed between nasal lavage proteins and four types of particles with different parameters. Two of the particles were formed and collected during welding and two were manufactured iron oxides. When nasal lavage proteins were added to the particles, differences were observed in the sizes of the aggregates that were formed. Measurements showed that the amount of protein bound to particles correlated with the relative size increase of the aggregates, suggesting that the surface area was associated with the binding capacity. However, differences in aggregate sizes were detected when nasal proteins were added to UFWF and Fe2O3 particles (having similar agglomerated size) suggesting that yet parameters other than size determine the binding. Relative quantitative mass spectrometric and gel-based analyses showed differences in the protein content of the coronas. High-affinity proteins were further assessed for network interactions. Additional experiments showed that the inhibitory function of secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor, a highly abundant nasal protein, was influenced by particle binding suggesting that an understanding of protein function following particle binding is necessary to properly evaluate pathophysiological events. Our results underscore the importance of including particles collected from real working environments when studying the toxic effects of particles because these effects might be mediated by the protein corona.
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| 2. |
- Assenhöj, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Protein interaction, monocyte toxicity and immunogenic properties of cerium oxide crystals with 5% or 14% gadolinium, cobalt oxide and iron oxide nanoparticles–an interdisciplinary approach
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nanotoxicology. - : Taylor and Francis Ltd.. - 1743-5390 .- 1743-5404. ; 15:8, s. 1035-1038
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metal oxide nanoparticles are widely used in both consumer products and medical applications, but the knowledge regarding exposure-related health effects is limited. However, it is challenging to investigate nanoparticle interaction processes with biological systems. The overall aim of this project was to improve the possibility to predict exposure-related health effects of metal oxide nanoparticles through interdisciplinary collaboration by combining workflows from the pharmaceutical industry, nanomaterial sciences, and occupational medicine. Specific aims were to investigate nanoparticle-protein interactions and possible adverse immune reactions. Four different metal oxide nanoparticles; CeOx nanocrystals with 5% or 14% Gd, Co3O4, and Fe2O3, were characterized by dynamic light scattering and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Nanoparticle-binding proteins were identified and screened for HLA-binding peptides in silico. Monocyte interaction with nanoparticle–protein complexes was assessed in vitro. Herein, for the first time, immunogenic properties of nanoparticle-binding proteins have been characterized. The present study indicates that especially Co3O4-protein complexes can induce both ‘danger signals’, verified by the production of inflammatory cytokines and simultaneously bind autologous proteins, which can be presented as immunogenic epitopes by MHC class II. The clinical relevance of these findings should be further evaluated to investigate the role of metal oxide nanoparticles in the development of autoimmune disease. The general workflow identified experimental difficulties, such as nanoparticle aggregate formation and a lack of protein-free buffers suitable for particle characterization, protein analyses, as well as for cell studies. This confirms the importance of future interdisciplinary collaborations. © 2021 The Author(s).
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| 3. |
- Bayat, Narges, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of engineered nanoparticles on the cellular structure and growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nanotoxicology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1743-5390 .- 1743-5404. ; 8:4, s. 363-373
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to study the effects of nanoparticles (NPs) with different physicochemical properties on cellular viability and structure, Saccharomyces cerevisiae were exposed to different concentrations of TiO2-NPs (1-3 nm), ZnO-NPs (<100 nm), CuO-NPs (<50 nm), their bulk forms, Ag-NPs (10 nm) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The GreenScreen assay was used to measure cyto- and genotoxicity, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) used to assess ultrastructure. Cu-ONPs were highly cytotoxic, reducing the cell density by 80% at 9 cm(2)/ml, and inducing lipid droplet formation. Cells exposed to Ag-NPs (19 cm(2)/ml) and TiO2-NPs (147 cm(2)/ml) contained dark deposits in intracellular vacuoles, the cell wall and vesicles, and reduced cell density (40 and 30%, respectively). ZnO-NPs (8 cm(2)/ml) caused an increase in the size of intracellular vacuoles, despite not being cytotoxic. SWCNTs did not cause cytotoxicity or significant alterations in ultrastructure, despite high oxidative potential. Two genotoxicity assays, GreenScreen and the comet assay, produced different results and the authors discuss the reasons for this discrepancy. Classical assays of toxicity may not be the most suitable for studying the effects of NPs in cellular systems, and the simultaneous assessment of other measures of the state of cells, such as TEM are highly recommended.
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| 4. |
- Bundschuh, Mirco
(författare)
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Nanosized titanium dioxide elevates toxicity of cationic metals species for Daphnia - have aging and natural organic matter an unexpected impact?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nanotoxicology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1743-5390 .- 1743-5404. ; 16, s. 16-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In aquatic ecosystems, nanosized titanium dioxide particles (nTiO(2)) likely interact with natural organic matter (NOM) and may alter the ecotoxicity of co-occurring metals. The magnitude of changes in toxicity may be modulated by the duration of interactions (i.e. aging) between these factors. As those interactions are hardly addressed in literature, the present study aimed at assessing the impact of aging durations (0, 1, 3 and 6 days) on metals with mainly cationic (silver (Ag), cadmium (Cd)) or anionic (arsenic (As)) toxic ions in combination with three nTiO(2) levels (0.0, 0.6 and 3.0 mg/L) and two NOM levels (0 versus 8 mg TOC/L). The interaction of these factors was additionally investigated for two aging scenarios: in one scenario nTiO(2) were aged together with one of the metals, while in other scenario metals were added to aged nTiO(2). Subsequently, their combined acute effects on Daphnia magna were assessed. The results uncovered that nTiO(2) elevate the toxicity of metals with mainly cationic species (i.e. Ag+ and Cd2+) with the effect size depending on their valence electron. Contrary, nTiO(2) have no impact on the metal with mainly anionic species (i.e. HAsO42-). Furthermore, NOM reduced metal toxicity only for Ag and aging duration had a limited impact on the test outcome suggesting that relevant interactions between metal and nTiO(2) occur rather quick (below 24 h). These findings suggest that the charge of metals' most toxic species is the determining factor for its interaction with nanoparticles and the resulting ecotoxicological effect assessment.
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| 5. |
- Bundschuh, Mirco
(författare)
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Quantity and quality of natural organic matter influence the ecotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nanotoxicology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1743-5390 .- 1743-5404. ; 10, s. 1415-1421
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanoparticles' fate is amongst other parameters determined by the quantity and quality of natural organic matter (NOM). Consequently, the ecotoxicity of nanoparticles is modified, while only little information is available on the NOM characteristics triggering this interplay. This study systematically examined how NOM quantity and quality influences the acute ecotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO(2)) towards Daphnia magna. Therefore, two nTiO(2) products (A-100 and P25; approximate to 100nm) were investigated in combination with seven NOM types of variable quality at four levels each (up to 4.00mg total organic carbon/L). The results showed that - independent of the applied nTiO(2) product and NOM type - nTiO(2) ecotoxicity decreased up to a factor of>18 with increasing NOM concentration. More importantly, increasing levels of aromaticity and hydrophobicity of the NOM decreased the magnitude of toxic effects caused by nTiO(2), which was again independent of the nTiO(2) product tested. In the light of the ubiquitary presence of NOM, the ecotoxicological risk of nTiO(2) in surface waters with high NOM loads is likely moderate. However, interactions of nTiO(2) and NOM in combination with other natural or chemical stressors are not well-understood but seem to be fundamental for a reliable risk assessment of nanoparticles.
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| 6. |
- Cappellini, Francesca, et al.
(författare)
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Mechanistic insight into reactivity and (geno)toxicity of well-characterized nanoparticles of cobalt metal and oxides
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nanotoxicology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1743-5390 .- 1743-5404. ; 12:6, s. 602-620
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An increasing use of cobalt (Co)-based nanoparticles (NPs) in different applications and exposures at occupational settings triggers the need for toxicity assessment. Improved understanding regarding the physiochemical characteristics of Co metal NPs and different oxides in combination with assessment of toxicity and mechanisms may facilitate decisions for grouping during risk assessment. The aim of this study was to gain mechanistic insights in the correlation between NP reactivity and toxicity of three different Co-based NPs (Co, CoO, and Co3O4) by using various tools for characterization, traditional toxicity assays, as well as six reporter cell lines (ToxTracker) for rapid detection of signaling pathways of relevance for carcinogenicity. The results showed cellular uptake of all NPs in lung cells and induction of DNA strand breaks and oxidative damage (comet assay) by Co and CoO NPs. In-depth studies on the ROS generation showed high reactivity of Co, lower for CoO, and no reactivity of Co3O4 NPs. The reactivity depended on the corrosion and transformation/dissolution properties of the particles and the media highlighting the role of the surface oxide and metal speciation as also confirmed by in silico modeling. By using ToxTracker, Co NPs were shown to be highly cytotoxic and induced reporters related to oxidative stress (Nrf2 signaling) and DNA strand breaks. Similar effects were observed for CoO NPs but at higher concentrations, whereas the Co3O4 NPs were inactive at all concentrations tested. In conclusion, our study suggests that Co and CoO NPs, but not Co3O4, may be grouped together for risk assessment.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Cronholm, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of sonication and serum proteins on copper release from copper nanoparticles and the toxicity towards lung epithelial cells
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nanotoxicology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1743-5390 .- 1743-5404. ; 5:2, s. 269-281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Different methodological settings can influence particle characteristics and toxicity in nanotoxicology. The aim of this study was to investigate how serum proteins and sonication of Cu nanoparticle suspensions influence the properties of the nanoparticles and toxicological responses on human lung epithelial cells. This was investigated by using methods for particle characterization (photon correlation spectroscopy and TEM) and Cu release (atomic absorption spectroscopy) in combination with assays for analyzing cell toxicity (MTT-, trypan blue- and Comet assay). The results showed that sonication of Cu nanoparticles caused decreased cell viability and increased Cu release compared to non-sonicated particles. Furthermore, serum in the cell medium resulted in less particle agglomeration and increased Cu release compared with medium without serum, but no clear difference in toxicity was detected. Few cells showed intracellular Cu nanoparticles due to fast release/dissolution processes of Cu. In conclusion; sonication can affect the toxicity of nanoparticles.
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| 9. |
- Ekstrand-Hammarström, Barbro, et al.
(författare)
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Human Primary Bronchial Epithelial Cells are more Responsive to Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles than the Lung Epithelial Cell Lines A549 and BEAS-2B
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nanotoxicology. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1743-5390 .- 1743-5404. ; 6:6, s. 623-634
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have compared the cellular uptake and responses of fivepreparations of nanocrystalline titanium dioxide (TiO2) betweennormal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells and epithelialcell lines (A549 and BEAS-2B). The P25 nanoparticles, containingboth anatase and rutile modifications, induced reactive oxygenspecies (ROS) and secretion of the neutrophil chemoattractantIL-8 in all three cell types used. Pure anatase and rutile particlesprovoked differential IL-8 response in A549 and no response inBEAS-2B cells despite similar formation of ROS. The pure TiO2modifications also provoked release of the inflammatorymediators: IL-6, G-CSF and VEGF, in NHBE cells but not in the twocell lines. We conclude that the responsiveness of lung epithelialcells is strongly dependent on both the physicochemicalproperties of TiO2 nanoparticles and the type of responder cells.The differential pro-inflammatory responsiveness of primarylung epithelial cells compared with immortalized cell linesshould be considered in the assessment of adverse reactions toinhaled nanoparticles.
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| 10. |
- Ekstrand-Hammarström, Barbro, et al.
(författare)
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Human primary bronchial epithelial cells respond differently to titanium dioxide nanoparticles than the lung epithelial cell lines A549 and BEAS-2B
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nanotoxicology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1743-5390 .- 1743-5404. ; 6:6, s. 623-634
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have compared the cellular uptake and responses of five preparations of nanocrystalline titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) between normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells and epithelial cell lines (A549 and BEAS-2B). The P25 nanoparticles, containing both anatase and rutile modifications, induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and secretion of the neutrophil chemoattractant IL-8 in all three cell types used. Pure anatase and rutile particles provoked differential IL-8 response in A549 and no response in BEAS-2B cells despite similar formation of ROS. The pure TiO(2) modifications also provoked release of the inflammatory mediators: IL-6, G-CSF and VEGF, in NHBE cells but not in the two cell lines. We conclude that the responsiveness of lung epithelial cells is strongly dependent on both the physicochemical properties of TiO(2) nanoparticles and the type of responder cells. The differential pro-inflammatory responsiveness of primary lung epithelial cells compared with immortalized cell lines should be considered in the assessment of adverse reactions to inhaled nanoparticles.
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