| 1. |
- Adamsson, Åsa, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement and three-dimensional simulation of flow in a rectangular detention tank
- 2005
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Ingår i: Urban Water Journal. - 1744-9006 .- 1573-062X. ; 2:4, s. 277-287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are two main ways to obtain better knowledge of the hydraulics of ponds, namelymeasurements and simulations. In this study, the applicability of using three-dimensionalsimulations as an engineering tool in stormwater pond design was investigated. To dothis, three-dimensional simulations were compared with measurements of flow patternand residence time in a large physical model of a detention tank (13 x 9x 1 m). Theagreement between measurements and simulations concerning both flow pattern andresidence time distribution curves was found to be good for high flow rates.
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| 2. |
- Bengtsson, Lars
(författare)
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Wetland systems to control urban runoff
- 2007
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Ingår i: Urban Water Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-9006 .- 1573-062X. ; 4:2, s. 133-133
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Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Borris, Matthias, et al.
(författare)
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Snow pollution management in urban areas: an idea whose time has come?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Urban Water Journal. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1573-062X .- 1744-9006. ; 18:10, s. 840-849
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Needs for extending the principles of a sustainable urban drainage approach to the winter season with snow and pollutant accumulations have been so far unanswered. One of the first steps to remedy this situation is to make available a prototype snow management tool (PSMT) described herein. It is a simple empirical spreadsheet tool, as yet untested, which uses generally available input data to simulate accumulation of snow (as snow water equivalent) and pollutants in an urban catchment, intermittent snowmelt episodes, and snow management options including in situ melting, removal from the catchment, treatment of snowmelt by settling, and snow disposal in the receiving waters. The tool output comprises snow and the selected pollutant mass balances, and pollutant concentrations in snowmelt from individual snow deposits. Such data provide decision support for choosing the methods of disposal for individual snow deposits. The testing and refinement of the tool is planned.
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| 4. |
- Broekhuizen, Ico, et al.
(författare)
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Reducing uncertainties in urban drainage models by explicitly accounting for timing errors in objective functions
- 2021
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Ingår i: Urban Water Journal. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1573-062X .- 1744-9006. ; 18:9, s. 740-749
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traditional hydrological objective functions may penalize models that reproduce hydrograph shapes well, but with some shift in time; especially for urban catchments with a fast hydrological response. Hydrograph timing is not always critical, so this paper investigates alternative objective functions (based on the Hydrograph Matching Algorithm) that try to mimic visual hydrograph comparison. A modified version of the Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation is proposed to compare regular objective functions with those that account for timing errors. This is applied to 2-year calibration and validation data sets from an urban catchment. Results show that such objective functions provide equally reliable model predictions (they envelop the same fraction of observations), but with more precision, i.e. smaller estimated uncertainty of model predictions. Additionally, identifiability of some model parameters improved. Therefore objective functions based on the Hydrograph Matching Algorithm can be useful to reduce uncertainties in urban drainage modelling.
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| 5. |
- Bäckström, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Transport of stormwater pollutants through a roadside grassed swale
- 2006
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Ingår i: Urban Water Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1573-062X .- 1744-9006. ; 3:2, s. 55-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Investigations of the pollutant trapping capability of a grassed swale receiving runoff from a road with a traffic intensity of 8,000 vehicles/day were carried out in central Luleå, Sweden. Transport and retention of suspended solids, particles and heavy metals (copper, lead and zinc) were analysed. The sampling was carried out during seven rain events. The results show that once pollutants are trapped in a grassed swale they are not permanently bound to vegetation or soil. A roadside grassed swale may be regarded as a stormwater treatment facility that attenuates the peaks in pollutant loads, without being capable of producing consistently high removal rates.
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| 6. |
- Chowdhury, Rezaul K., et al.
(författare)
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Selection of the optimal alternative : rehabilitation of a regional drainage channel in Bangladesh
- 2009
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Ingår i: URBAN WATER JOURNAL. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1573-062X .- 1744-9006. ; 6:5, s. 395-405
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to the dynamic inter-relationship between human society and water resources, decision-making is a tricky task in water management sectors. In this study, multi-criteria analysis has been used as a decision support tool for the selection of a sustainable option in a regional channel improvement in Bangladesh. The Malnichara channel flows across the north-eastern divisional city of the country, and is responsible for storm water conveyance to the downstream Surma River. The channel was observed to be at risk due to anthropogenic activities such as encroachment, sewage and solid waste disposal and the filling up of natural depression basins. Using the multi-criteria analysis, three alternatives for channel improvement (sodding natural channel, lined natural channel and concrete box culvert) were evaluated with respect to ten indicators, grouped into four sustainability criteria (technical, economic, environmental and social). Sodding natural channel was found to be the optimal alternative, though the selection was sensitive to social criteria. Such a straightforward tool can efficiently be used to ensure sustainability of the channel through stakeholders' involvement in decision-making.
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| 7. |
- Davy, Jonathan, et al.
(författare)
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Designing a greywater treatment system in a highly adaptive urban environment: an ergonomics and human factors observational analysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Urban Water Journal. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 1573-062X .- 1744-9006. ; 20:5, s. 624-637
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Unplanned, high-density settlements in low-middle income countries often lack functional wastewater management systems. Nature-based solutions, such as constructed wetlands, are an option for the treatment of greywater, provided they are used by and useful to the community. We explored the effectiveness of iterative design for two pilot constructed wetlands in an informal settlement in Johannesburg, South Africa. Using ergonomics and human factors (E/HF) design approaches, this study evaluated the usability and postural risks associated with interactions with the constructed wetlands to motivate (and evaluate) design changes to increase use and reduce the risk of musculoskeletal pain. An elevated work area reduced musculoskeletal risks and a larger work area allowed more users at one time. The raised work areas provided other benefits such as stormwater and sewerage protection. The value of E/HF as part of a broader transdisciplinary team was demonstrated by embedding the design in the activities of the community.
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| 8. |
- Eriksson, Eva, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Phytotoxicity of grey wastewater evaluated by toxicity tests
- 2006
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Ingår i: Urban Water Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1573-062X .- 1744-9006. ; 3:1, s. 13-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An algal growth inhibition test and a short-term acute assay for willows were used in order to evaluate the phytotoxicity of grey wastewater from different sources. Bathroom grey wastewaters were toxic towards algae (EC10 = 36 – 375 mL/L), whereas kitchen and laundry wastewaters were found to be toxic to both organisms (EC10 = 55 – 198 mL/L). The investigation showed that untreated grey wastewater could pose an environmental hazard if discharged into small-size receiving waters. Discharge to willow evaporation beds is problematic and toxic effects may be encountered, but, compared to direct discharge to surface water, the risks of toxic effects are much less pronounced.
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| 9. |
- Glaas, Erik, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Development and user testing of the ICT-platform Visual Water supporting sustainable municipal stormwater planning
- 2022
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Ingår i: Urban Water Journal. - : Taylor & Francis Ltd. - 1573-062X .- 1744-9006. ; 19:9, s. 962-974
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The need to develop sustainable stormwater management is intensifying due to climate impacts and urban densification. Such complex planning processes require insights into disparate issues, connecting heterogeneous actors. While many decision-support tools are developed to facilitate such planning, research assessing their usefulness is requested. This study introduces and assesses one such ICT-tool; the Visual Water platform, aiming to support sustainable stormwater planning in Swedish municipalities. The study aims to identify critical points to consider for developers of related decision-support tools and to detangle requirements and tradeoffs in making them relevant and user-friendly, building on test-sessions with Swedish practitioners. Results show that the platform responds to challenges within municipal planning as outlined by Swedish practitioners. However, though the platform content is considered relevant, its application in real-world planning is perceived as somewhat unclear. The paper discusses ideas for how sustainability-related decision-support tools better can respond to user demands.
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| 10. |
- Govindarajan, Venkatesh, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolism-modelling approaches to long-term sustainability assessment of urban water services
- 2017
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Ingår i: Urban Water Journal. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1573-062X .- 1744-9006. ; 14:1, s. 11-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a discernible need for a holistic, long-term and sustainability approach in decision-making in water and wastewater utilities around the world. Metabolism-based modelling, which can quantify various flows within an urban water system (UWS), has shown its effective usability for a more comprehensive understanding of the impacts of intervention strategies and can be used by any water utility for future planning of UWS. This study presents the main principles of a holistic Sustainability Assessment Framework which can be simulated by using two analytical, conceptual, mass-balance-based models to quantify relevant key performance indicators (KPIs) associated with the metabolic flows of the urban water cycle. These two models are WaterMet2 (WM2) and dynamic metabolism model (DMM), developed recently under the aegis of the EU TRUST (Transitions to the Urban Water Services of Tomorrow) project. There are clear differences between the two models which make them useful in different contexts and circumstantial situations. DMM is a mass-balance consistent model which quantifies and presents annually-aggregated performance values for system wide energy consumption, emissions, environmental impacts and costs for the entire UWS though it is also possible to derive corresponding indicators for individual sub-systems (e.g. water distribution and wastewater transport). WM2 is the opposite of this, it is a distributed metabolism model which simulates water related and other resource flows throughout the UWS components with a higher resolution both spatially (e.g. multiple water resources and service reservoirs) and temporally (e.g. daily and monthly), and thereby is useful in contexts where utilities would like to focus on further details of the UWS metabolism with the aim to understand and solve specific problems. Overall, these two complementary metabolism-based approaches enable any water utility to quantitatively explore and understand the influences of different external drivers and intervention strategies on future performance profiles linked to any physical, environmental and economic criteria.
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