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- Andersen, Lars B., et al.
(författare)
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The association between physical activity, physical fitness and development of metabolic disorders
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pediatric Obesity. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1747-7174 .- 1747-7166. ; 6, s. 29-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors have been shown to cluster in some children. This has been shown in children from the age of nine years, but recently we found no clustering in six-year old children. It is uncertain when clustering develops and which parameters are related to the development of clustered CVD risk. Methods. A longitudinal study including 484 children aged six years. Three years later, 434 children participated in a follow-up. The main outcome was clustering of five CVD risk factors: homeostasis assessment insulin resistance (HOMA), total cholesterol:HDL ratio, triglyceride (TG), systolic blood pressure and sum of four skinfolds. Independent variables were physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness. Results. CVD risk factors were independently distributed in the six-year-olds, and there was no association between composite risk factor score and physical fitness or activity even if there were obese and unfit children in the population. Clustering of CVD risk factors was found at the age of nine years, and the observed number with three or more CVD risk factors was 3.33 (95% CI: 1.41-7.87) times higher than expected if risk factors had been independently distributed. At the age of nine years, the lowest quartile of fitness had 34.9 (95% CI: 8.0-152.5) times higher risk of having clustered risk than the most fit quartile. Conclusion. Clustering of CVD risk factors developed between the age of six and nine years. At nine years of age clustered CVD risk was highly associated with low fitness level.
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| 3. |
- Dencker, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Body fat, abdominal fat and body fat distribution related to VO(2PEAK) in young children.
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pediatric Obesity. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1747-7174 .- 1747-7166. ; 6:2-2, s. 597-602
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Objective. Aerobic fitness, defined as maximum oxygen uptake (VO(2PEAK)), and body fat measurements represent two known risk factors for disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between VO(2PEAK) and body fat measurements in young children at a population-based level. Methods. Cross-sectional study of 225 children (128 boys and 97 girls) aged 8-11 years, recruited from a population-based cohort. Total lean body mass (LBM), total fat mass (TBF), and abdominal fat mass (AFM) were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Body fat was also calculated as a percentage of body mass (BF%) and body fat distribution as AFM/TBF. VO(2PEAK) was assessed by indirect calorimetry during maximal exercise test. Results. Significant relationships existed between body fat measurements and VO(2PEAK) in both boys and girls, with Pearson correlation coefficients for absolute values of VO(2PEAK) (0.22-0.36, P< 0.05), and for VO(2PEAK) scaled by body mass (-0.38 - -0.70, P<0.05). No relationships were detected for VO(2PEAK) scaled to LBM (-0.17-0.04, all not significant). Boys and girls in the lowest quartile according to body fat measurements had higher absolute values of VO(2PEAK) and lower values of VO(2PEAK) scaled by body mass, compared with those in the highest quartile. No differences were found for VO(2PEAK) scaled to LBM. Conclusions. Our findings document the coexistence of two known risk factors for disease at a young age and confirms that VO(2PEAK) was scaled to LBM may be a better, body fat independent way of expressing fitness.
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| 5. |
- Ericsson, Ingegerd
(författare)
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To measure and improve motor skills in practice
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pediatric Obesity. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1747-7166 .- 1747-7174. ; 3:1, s. 21-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. The purpose is to validate and discuss the possibilities to use the Motorisk Utveckling som Grund för Inlärning (Motor skills Development as Basis for Learning, MUGI) observation checklist as a measurement instrument for gross motor skills and to introduce the MUGI model for motor training as an alternative to improve children's motor skills in practice. Methods. Motor skills observations were carried out on all pupils in the first three school years at a state-funded primary school in Sweden (n = 251). Pupils in an intervention group (n = 152) had one lesson of physical activity and motor training every school day and also, when needed, an extra motor training lesson per week. The MUGI observation checklist, which includes 16 items that measure static and dynamic balance, bilateral coordination, and eye-hand coordination, was validated and tested for reliability. Results. After one year of intervention, the pupils in the intervention group had significantly better (p < 0.05) motor skills than pupils in the control group. Results of factor analysis, reliability tests, and evaluator agreement show that the MUGI observation checklist fulfills requirements at an acceptable level of validity and reliability. The MUGI model was found to function well in practice for improving children's motor skills. Conclusions. The MUGI observation checklist could be an alternative to current measurement instruments in studies of children's gross motor skills, and also function as planning documentation for individual intervention programs. The MUGI model could be used to improve children's motor skills in practice.
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| 6. |
- Gunnarsson Mériaux, Benita, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Identification and follow-up of obesity in ten-year-old school children.
- 2008
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Ingår i: International journal of pediatric obesity : IJPO : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1747-7174. ; 3:2, s. 102-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Growth surveillance of children in school health services is a routine in Sweden. We describe the effect at follow-up of an overt identification of obesity in school children. METHODS: Follow-up data were collected in two populations of ten-year-old children with obesity. Children in the study group belonged to a cohort born in 1990. Here the presence of obesity had been identified at the routine growth screening, and intervention activities against obesity had been actively offered. Controls belonged to a cohort born in 1989. RESULTS: Of the 176 children with obesity, 91 were in the study group (41 girls) and 85 (44 girls) in the control group. No differences were found between the groups in age, gender or body mass index at baseline. At follow-up, after one to two years, children in the study group had a modest but significantly more pronounced decrease in the relative body mass index, compared with controls. The mean difference between the populations in body mass index standard deviation score (z-score) after adjustment for baseline body mass index and follow-up time was -0.14 (95% confidence interval: -0.25 to -0.02; P=0.027). Socioeconomic status, gender, follow-up time and group were independent predictors for change in body mass index z-score. CONCLUSIONS: To identify children with obesity in a routine school health survey may be a crucial initial step in the management of childhood obesity.
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| 8. |
- Jiang, Jingxiong, et al.
(författare)
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Risk factors for overweight in 2- to 6-year-old children in Beijing, China
- 2006
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pediatric Obesity. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1747-7166 .- 1747-7174. ; 1:2, s. 103-108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To assess the prevalence of overweight among Chinese preschool children and to explore risk factors of childhood obesity focusing on parental characteristics, feeding practice and lifestyle. Methods. Data on 930 families with 2- to 6-year-old children in five kindergartens were obtained in a cross sectional study. Families were randomly selected from two of all six urban districts in Beijing, China. Information on parental characteristics, dietary habits, lifestyle habits, and feeding practice was collected by parental self-report questionnaires. The children's stature and weight were measured in light clothing and without shoes. Overweight and obesity were defined according to international cut-off values, as proposed by the International Obesity Task Force. Multivariate regression analysis was used to explore risk factors of child overweight. Results. The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 10.7% and 4.2%, respectively, and increased with age. The prevalence of child overweight was 14.1% and 7.5% in obese and non-obese families, respectively. Significant associations were observed between child and parent characteristics for overweight, frequency of eating in restaurant, television hours, and hours of physical activity. Child overweight was associated with parental overweight (Odds Ratio [OR] 2.43, 95% CI 0.78, 6.59), low maternal education level (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.39, 3.55), food restriction (OR 2.68, 95% CI 1.64, 4.29), and television watching>2h/d (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.17, 2.09), after adjusting for sex, age, family income and kindergarten (for cluster study design). Conclusions. Overweight prevalence among Chinese preschool children in Beijing is comparable to some European countries. Prevention strategies should include identified lifestyle risk factors.
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