| 1. |
- Atry, Ashkan, et al.
(författare)
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Beyond the Individual : Sources of Attitudes Towards Rule Violation in Sport
- 2012
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Ingår i: Sport, Ethics and Philosophy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1751-1321 .- 1751-133X. ; 6:4, s. 467-479
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today, certain rule-violating behaviours, such as doping, are considered to be an issue of concern for the sport community. This paper underlines and examines the affective dimensions involved in moral responses to, and attitudes towards, rule-violating behaviours in sport. The key role played by affective processes underlying individual-level moral judgement has already been implicated by recent developments in moral psychological theories, and by neurophysiological studies. However, we propose and discuss the possibility of affective processes operating on a social level which may influence athletes’ individual-level attitudes. We conclude that one-sided focus on individual rule- violating behaviour and individual sanctions may prove to be ineffective in coming to terms with the issue. In this regard we recommend a twofold approach by addressing underlying social dimensions, along with preventive measures through affect-oriented education.
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| 2. |
- Atry, Ashkan, et al.
(författare)
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Gene Doping and the Responsibility of Bioethicists
- 2011
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Ingår i: Sport, Ethics and Philosophy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1751-1321 .- 1751-133X. ; 5:2, s. 149-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we will argue: (1) that scholars, regardless of their normative stand against or for genetic enhancement indeed have a moral/professional obligation to hold on to a realistic and up-to-date conception of genetic enhancement; (2) that there is an unwarranted hype surrounding the issue of genetic enhancement in general, and gene doping in particular; and (3) that this hype is, at least partly, created due to a simplistic and reductionist conception of genetics often adopted by bioethicists.
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| 3. |
- Damkjaer, Camilla
(författare)
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Slowness out of Sync : Understandings of Time in Ashtanga Yoga
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sport, Ethics and Philosophy. - 1751-1321 .- 1751-133X. ; 16:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Yoga is often presented as a ‘slow’ form of exercise. Yoga magazines are filled with advice about how to ‘slow down’. However, Ashtanga yoga is considered dynamic and ‘fast’ - something that dates back to its role in the modern re-invention of hatha yoga in India, highly influenced by European physical practices (Alter, 2004; Michelis, 2005; Singleton, 2010; Goldberg, 2016). It is therefore paradoxical that it has become part of the craving for ‘slow’ forms of exercise. This article argues that, when looking at the role of time in contemporary yoga practice, we first need to examine critically the different understandings of time that are part of the practice, and their geo-political circumstances.
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| 4. |
- Daudi, Aurélien
(författare)
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‘Ecce Ego’ : Apollo, Dionysus, and Performative Social Media
- 2023
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Ingår i: Sport, Ethics and Philosophy. - : Routledge. - 1751-1321 .- 1751-133X. ; , s. 1-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Epitomized in the bodily exhibitions of ‘fitspiration’, photo-based social media is biased toward self-beautification and glorification of reality. Meanwhile, evidence is growing of psychological side effects connected to this ‘pictorial turn’ in our communication. In The Birth of Tragedy, Nietzsche poses the question how ugliness and discord can produce aesthetic pleasure. This paper proceeds from an inverse relationship and examines why glorification of appear- ances and conspicuous beauty fails to do the same, and even compounds suffering. Drawing on the Apollo-Dionysus dualism undergirding Nietzsche’s aesthetic philosophy, I posit a deeper relation between the saturation of visual self-exhibitionism typified in fitspiration and its empirical effects. Concentrating on the med- ium and self-representational photograph, I argue that Instagram is primarily an instrument of Apolline artifice and that the pictorial turn which defines the present centers Apolline mediation to the detrimental exclusion of meaningful communion with its Dionysiac antithesis. For users immersed in this Apolline sphere of visual self- representation, a fractured existence beholden to conditions of the image ensues—comprising surface-level appearances, deification of the moment, and loss of existential sustenance through myth. By positioning fitspiration not as an aberration but as the logical conclusion of the medium’s intrinsic Apolline property, it becomes a litmus test of the entire visual landscape and illustrative of the implications that uncritical participation in it may bring.
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| 5. |
- Daudi, Aurélien
(författare)
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Social Media Hedonism and the Case of ’Fitspiration’ : A Nietzschean Critique
- 2023
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Ingår i: Sport, Ethics and Philosophy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1751-1321 .- 1751-133X. ; 17:2, s. 127-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Though the rise of social media has provided countless advantages and possibilities, both within and without the domain of sports, recent years have also seen some more detrimental aspects of these technologies come to light. In particular, the widespread social media culture surrounding fitness – ‘fitspiration’ – warrants attention for the way it encourages self-sexualization and -objectification, thereby epitomizing a wider issue with photo-based social media in general. Though the negative impact of fitspiration has been well documented, what is less understood are the ways it potentially impacts and molds moral psychology, and how these same aspects may come to influence digital sports subcultures more broadly. In this theoretical paper, I rely on the insights of Friedrich Nietzsche to analyze the moral significance of a culture like fitspiration becoming normalized and influential in structuring and informing self-understanding, notions of value, and how to flourish in life. Using two doctrines central to Nietzsche’s philosophy—The Last Man and his conception of the ’higher self’ – I argue that fitspiration involves a form of hedonism that is potentially harmful to the pursuit and achievement of human flourishing. Through fitspiration, desire is elevated to a central moral principle, underlying the way users both consume and produce its content, catering simultaneously to their desires for external validation and instant gratification. It thereby creates conditions which foster a culture in adherence to the ethos of The Last Man. In doing so, I argue it impedes the cultivation of the virtues and higher values which define the higher individual, regarded by Nietzsche as essential for human flourishing. However, drawing on the ethical framework of the higher individual provides the philosophical and psychological resources with which resisting and overcoming the more harmful temptations of these trends may be possible.
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| 6. |
- Daudi, Aurélien
(författare)
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Will to power : Revaluating (female) empowerment in ‘fitspiration’
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sport, Ethics and Philosophy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1751-1321 .- 1751-133X. ; 18:2, s. 177-193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Female empowerment has long been a prominent social concern in Western culture. With the rise of social media, the quest for female empowerment has become embodied in self-presentational practices, occurring conspicuously throughout the Instagram fitness subculture: ‘fitspiration’. Here, female empowerment is merged with the body-centrality inherent to fitness, and the self-sexualization that has become characteristic of both photo-based social media in general, and fitspiration in particular. Meanwhile, an extensive body of research highlights numerous detrimental effects of self-sexualization on women. Evidently, something seems awry with the implied proposition ‘sexualization as empowerment’. Drawing on Friedrich Nietzsche’s philosophy of power and its relationship to human flourishing, this article aims to critically examine the conception of female empowerment expressed in fitspiration and to conceptualize a philosophically compelling reformulation of universal human empowerment. I argue that what is commonly conceived of as female empowerment in trends like fitspiration—delineated in its explicit relationship to sexualization—may be seriously flawed. Rejecting this understanding in favor of a Nietzschean universal alternative may prove beneficial to individuals both within and without the contemporary fitness culture.
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| 7. |
- Jonasson, Kalle, 1976-
(författare)
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Broadband and circuits : the place of public gaming in the history of sport
- 2016
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Ingår i: Sport, Ethics and Philosophy. - Abingdon : Routledge. - 1751-1321 .- 1751-133X. ; 10:1, s. 28-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This essay concerns the place of e-sport in the history of sport. E-sport is construed as an entity in this corpus, by seeking out historical counterparts that display similar forms of play and organisation. Thus, ancient Roman games are identified as an early instance of what could be called public gaming, i.e. competitive digital games in a public setting. Two recent philosophical statements regarding the history of sport furnish the point of departure of the analysis: Steven Connor’s historicising of the term sport and Heather Reid’s treatise of virtue in the games and athletics of antiquity. The varying content of sport in its course through time is discussed foremost in relation to how the human and nonhuman elements have been organised. In order to settle the role of public gaming in the history of sport, two aspects of Roman games are highlighted to ’fabricate’ its legacy in the history of e-sport: Pollice Verso (’Thumb gesture’) and simulations. It is concluded that the way Roman games have been understood in relation Hellenic Athletics has its counterpart in how e-sport is understood in relation to sport. Public gaming as an instance in the history of sport, when contrasted to Greek athletics and Modern sport, appear as a deviant and violent practice. This view is problematized by a discussion of virtue in sport as being possible to elicit from it for both practitioners and spectators. Furthermore, public gaming appears as a bastard in the history of sport since it blurs the demarcation between human and nonhuman elements more often than its hallowed counterparts. To place e-sport as an entity in the history, present and future of sport testifies to that the phase sport is in now is characterised by hybridity, and that sport stands at a crossroads. If the next dominant understanding of sport primarily will connote ’corporeality’ and ’humanness’, such as in the case of lifestyle sport and sport for all, e-sport’s focus on the ’formal’ and ’competitive’ aspects of modern sport will contribute to that deliverance; and vice versa.
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| 8. |
- Jonasson, Kalle, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Judging athletic movement in moving images : a critique of agonic reason in representations of alpine sport, seen through the Paltrow v. Sanderson ski crash trial
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sport, Ethics and Philosophy. - Abingdon : Taylor & Francis. - 1751-1321 .- 1751-133X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper concerns the judgement and critique of athletic movement in moving images. Inspired by the ski crash trial case of Paltrow v. Sanderson, and by comparing different media representations of downhill skiing, the essay outlines a framework that discerns as well as connects elements of movement and images, developing the concept of the ‘diorama’ in relation to Deleuze’s notion of the diagram and Kant’s idea of critique. Thus, moving images featuring elite alpine skier Mikaela Shiffrin, fictional character James Bond, and an official skiing game for the international ski federation (World Cup Ski Racing, FIS) figure as comparative material to the animation that played a central role in the celebrity trial. Diorama and diagram are posited on a continuum to assess when and how judgement takes place in each of the exhibits. The essay concludes by discussing how the judging of athletic movement in moving images contributed to Paltrow winning the case, and theoretically by connecting this finding to dioramas and diagrams as tools apt for a framework aiming at the critique of athletic movement in moving images. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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| 9. |
- Jönsson, Kutte
(författare)
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Paralympics and the Fabrication of 'Freak Shows' : On Aesthetics and Abjection in Sport
- 2017
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Ingår i: Sport, Ethics and Philosophy. - : Routledge. - 1751-1321 .- 1751-133X. ; 11:2, s. 224-237
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two years before the opening of the Paralympic Games in London in 2012, the British TV network Channel 4 launched a campaign called Freaks of Nature. As part of the campaign they produced the short film Meet the Superhumans by director Tom Tagholm. The film became an immediate success, but was also criticised for portraying the Paralympians as ‘freaks’ and for reducing the Paralympics to a ‘freak show’. But was it wrong to describe the Paralympics as a ‘freak show’? Is there even a point of using the term ‘freak show’ in relation to sports? There might be, and that is what I am discussing in this paper. To be more specific, I am proposing that the term ‘freak show’ can challenge and destabilise common aesthetic views in sport, simply by the adding of abject dimensions to the athletic performances. From this one can claim that the Paralympics reconnects to the freak show-tradition of the past. And that, in itself, can have a moral and political impact.
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| 10. |
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