| 1. |
- Adell, Emeli, et al.
(författare)
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Developing HMI components for a driver assistance system for safe speed and safe distance
- 2008
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Ingår i: IET Intelligent Transport Systems. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 1751-9578 .- 1751-956X. ; 2:1, s. 1-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes a pre-screening procedure that was carried out with a number of candidate Human-Machine-Interaction solutions in three different modes (visual, auditory and haptic) for the concepts of “safe speed and safe distance” (referred to as SASPENCE) of an Advanced Driver Assistance System (termed as ADAS). This procedure was performed simultaneously in two European countries, Sweden and Spain, in 2004. In each country two groups of about 30 drivers each participated in the two-phase procedure. Eleven visual display alternatives for speed information and ten alternatives for distance warning as well as twelve auditory warning sounds were screened by a standard procedure. In addition, two alternatives of haptic feedback via the accelerator pedal were tested in a mock-up driving seat. The overall results provide recommendations for visual, auditory and haptic feedback alternatives to build a driver support system for safe speed and safe distance.
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| 2. |
- Alvarado Mendoza, Paul, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Ecological interface design inspired human machine interface for advanced driver assistance systems
- 2011
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Ingår i: IET Intelligent Transport Systems. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 1751-9578 .- 1751-956X. ; 5:1, s. 53-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development and evaluation of an integrated advisory interface for several advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) is focused here. It was developed using an ecological interface design (EID) approach and was combined with the type of auditory warnings used in vehicles today to investigate multiple-staged warnings. The warning combination was evaluated using a fixed-base medium-fidelity driving simulator. The results suggest that the development of driver interfaces based on EID could benefit by being combined with the iterative nature of the user-centred design methods to make accurate assumptions on how the design is suitable for end-users in the context of use. Simulator results also show that participants drove with greater safety margins to lead vehicles and maintained better lateral positioning when driving with the interface, indicating that integrated multiple-staged warnings can have a positive effect on driver behaviour if correctly designed.
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| 3. |
- Ana, Ferreira, et al.
(författare)
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Gender and age-related differences in the perception of in-vehicle mobile phone usage among Portuguese drivers
- 2012
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Ingår i: IET Intelligent Transport Systems. - 1751-9578 .- 1751-956X. ; 7:2, s. 223-229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has already been proved that the use of the mobile phone while driving has a negative impact on the driving performance, increasing the risk of being involved in a car accident. However, in order to plan adequate corrective actions, there is the need to know more about people's usage of mobile phone while driving and what are drivers' opinions about the risk represented by that action. The aim of the present study was three-fold: to investigate the patterns of use of the mobile phone while driving by gender and age, to find out the prevalence of hands-free systems use by gender and age and, finally, to understand the perceived hazard in using the mobile phone while driving by gender and age. A sample of 769 Portuguese drivers answered a web-based survey developed in the frame of the European project INTERACTION. The answers revealed that the rate of mobile phone use among Portuguese drivers is very high. In addition, results showed that drivers perceived talking on a hands-free mobile phone while driving as much less dangerous compared with speaking on a hand-held mobile phone. Based on those results, further research is suggested.
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| 4. |
- Babicheva, Tatiana, et al.
(författare)
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Empty vehicle redistribution and fleet size in autonomous taxi systems
- 2019
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Ingår i: IET Intelligent Transport Systems. - : INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET. - 1751-956X .- 1751-9578. ; 13:4, s. 677-682
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates empty vehicle redistribution algorithms for personal rapid transit and autonomous taxi services. The focus is on passenger service and operator cost. A new redistribution algorithm is presented in this study: index-based redistribution (IBR). IBR is a proactive method, meaning it takes into account both current demand and anticipated future demand, in contrast to reactive methods, which act based on current demand only. From information on currently waiting for passengers, predicted near-future demand and projected arrival of vehicles, IBR calculates an index for each vehicle station, and redistribution is done based on this index. Seven different algorithm combinations are evaluated using a test case in Paris Saclay, France (20 stations and 100 vehicles). A combination of simple nearest neighbours and IBR is shown to be promising. Its results outperform the other methods tested in peak and off-peak demand, in terms of average and maximum passenger waiting times as well as station queue length. The effect of vehicle fleet size on generalised cost is analysed. Waiting times, mileage and fleet size are taken into account while assessing this generalised cost.
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| 5. |
- Bärgman, Jonas, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Holistic assessment of driver assistance systems: how can systems be assessed with respect to how they impact glance behaviour and collision avoidance?
- 2020
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Ingår i: IET Intelligent Transport Systems. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 1751-9578 .- 1751-956X. ; 14:9, s. 1058-1067
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study demonstrates the need for a holistic safety-impact assessment of an advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) and its effect on eye-glance behaviour. It implements a substantial incremental development of the what-if (counterfactual) simulation methodology, applied to rear-end crashes from the SHRP2 naturalistic driving data. This assessment combines (i) the impact of the change in drivers’ off-road glance behaviour due to the presence of the ADAS, and (ii) the safety impact of the ADAS alone. The results illustrate how the safety benefit of forward collision warning and autonomous emergency braking, in combination with adaptive cruise control (ACC) and driver assist (DA) systems, may almost completely dominate the safety impact of the longer off-road glances that activated ACC and DA systems may induce. Further, this effect is shown to be robust to induced system failures. The accuracy of these results is tempered by outlined limitations, which future estimations will benefit from addressing. On the whole, this study is a further step towards a successively more accurate holistic risk assessment which includes driver behavioural responses such as off-road glances together with the safety effects provided by the ADAS.
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| 6. |
- Casselgren, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Reusable road condition information system for traffic safety and targeted maintenance
- 2017
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Ingår i: IET Intelligent Transport Systems. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology. - 1751-956X .- 1751-9578. ; 11:4, s. 230-238
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Driver awareness of current winter road conditions (RCs) is known to affect the frequency of accidents due to sudden changes in these conditions. For example, partially icy roads that appear during autumn in northern areas typically result in collisions and ditch runs unless the drivers are generally aware of the situation. Availing motorists who drive under winter RCs of enhanced information is therefore highly desirable to increase their awareness of hazardous driving conditions. Such conditions need to be predicted ahead of time and presented to drivers before they attempt slippery road sections. Moreover, the identification of slippery RCs should quickly trigger targeted road maintenance to reduce the risk of accidents. This study presents a scalable and reusable collaborative intelligent transport system, herein referred to as an RC information system (RCIS). RCIS provides accurate RC predictions and forecasts based on RC measurements, road weather observations, and short-term weather forecasts. The prediction methods in the context of the distributed RCIS have been tested using a prototype implementation. These tests confirmed that these inputs could be combined into useful and accurate information about winter RCs that can be adapted for different types of users.
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| 7. |
- Cebecauer, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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Integrated framework for real-time urban network travel time prediction on sparse probe data
- 2018
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Ingår i: IET Intelligent Transport Systems. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology. - 1751-956X .- 1751-9578. ; 12:1, s. 66-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study presents the methodology and system architecture of an integrated urban road network travel time prediction framework based on low-frequency probe vehicle data. Intended applications include real-time network traffic management, vehicle routing and information provision. The framework integrates methods for receiving a stream of probe vehicle data, map matching and path inference, link travel time estimation, calibration of prediction model parameters and network travel time prediction in real time. The system design satisfies three crucial aspects: computational efficiency of prediction, internal consistency between components and robustness against noisy and missing data. Prediction is based on a multivariate hybrid method of probabilistic principal component analysis, which captures global correlation patterns between links and time intervals, and local smoothing, which considers local correlations among neighbouring links. Computational experiments for the road network of Stockholm, Sweden and probe data from taxis show that the system provides high accuracy for both peak and off-peak traffic conditions. The computational efficiency of the framework makes it capable of real-time prediction for large-scale networks. For links with large speed variations between days, prediction significantly outperforms the historical mean. Furthermore, prediction is reliable also for links with high proportions of missing data.
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| 8. |
- Diederichs, Frederik, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptive transitions for automation in cars, trucks, buses and motorcycles
- 2020
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Ingår i: IET Intelligent Transport Systems. - : INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET. - 1751-956X .- 1751-9578. ; 14:8, s. 889-899
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Automated vehicles are entering the roads and automation is applied to cars, trucks, buses, and even motorcycles today. High automation foresees transitions during driving in both directions. The driver and rider state become a critical parameter since reliable automation allows safe intervention and transit control to the automation when manual driving is not performed safely anymore. When the control transits from automation to manual an appropriate driver state needs to be identified before releasing the automated control. The detection of driver states during manual and automated driving and an appropriate design of the human-machine interaction (HMI) are crucial steps to support these transitions. State-of-the-art systems do not take the driver state, personal preferences, and predictions of road conditions into account. The ADAS&ME project, funded by the H2020 Programme of the European Commission, proposes an innovative and fully adaptive HMI framework, able to support driver/rider state monitoring-based transitions in automated driving. The HMI framework is applied in the target vehicles: passenger car, truck, bus, and motorcycle, and in seven different use cases.
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| 9. |
- Dozza, Marco, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Platform Enabling Intelligent Safety Applications for Vulnerable Road Users
- 2014
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Ingår i: IET Intelligent Transport Systems. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 1751-9578 .- 1751-956X. ; 8:4, s. 368-376
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2009, 9108 vulnerable road users (VRUs; pedestrians and bicyclists) died in the EU and 4722 in the US. Active safety systems, i.e. intelligent systems able to predict and prevent crashes, may significantly help reduce VRU fatalities and injuries; however, current active safety systems for VRUs are only found on high-end vehicles, only support the host vehicle driver, and do not make use of wireless communication.The scope of this paper is to describe the set-up and real-world verification of a platform to enable active safety systems for VRU. This platform is carried by VRUs and may support multiple road users using wireless communication. A simple conceptual application, addressing pedestrian safety at crossings, was developed to test the platform. This application was not cooperative (i.e. did not support multiple road users with wireless communication). The results presented in this paper suggest that such a platform can be employed 1) as a logger for naturalistic studies on VRUs, 2) to better understand VRU behavior and accident causation, and 3) as a basis for the development of novel active safety applications, running on portable devices, such as future generation smart phones, and possibly enabled by wireless communication.After a description of use cases inspired by accident databases, a first platform prototype was developed. This prototype is open and modular so that it can easily be extended and customized to collect data from any combination of analog and digital sensors, e.g. inertial measurement units, GPS, force sensors and cameras. Furthermore, the prototype is capable of real-time processing and able to provide visual, acoustic, and tactile feedback to the user. The prototype was tested in real traffic with a conceptual active safety application, which warned the user (a pedestrian) when starting to walk, in proximity of a zebra crossing, without having checked for oncoming traffic. Current applications of this prototype platform also include bicyclists and use wireless communication to enable cooperative applications.
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| 10. |
- Duan, Yuzhou, et al.
(författare)
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Optimising total entry delay at roundabouts with unbalanced flow: A dynamic strategy for smart metering
- 2019
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Ingår i: IET Intelligent Transport Systems. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 1751-9578 .- 1751-956X. ; 13:3, s. 485-494
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modern roundabouts are widely used at intersections with light traffic, generally providing safety and other advantages. However, large entry delays are often observed at roundabouts with unbalanced flow patterns, even though the entry traffic flow is not high. A metering signal-based strategy is examined to mitigate the above problems. A mathematical optimisation model is formulated firstly with the objective of minimising the total entry delay, subject to the metering signal thresholds. Then a solution algorithm based on VISSIM simulation is developed. Finally, a case study is carried out to testify the feasibility and applicability of the proposed model. Extended scenarios analyses under different levels of approach volume, different demand combinations and different proportions of right-turn vehicles (left-side driving) are also conducted. Results show that the methodology can effectively improve the operational performance, and a delay reduction of up to 25.7% can.
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