| 1. |
- Andersson Djurfeldt, Agnes, et al.
(författare)
-
In-kind transfers of maize, commercialization and household consumption in Kenya
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Eastern African Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1753-1055 .- 1753-1063. ; 5:3, s. 447-464
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article discusses in kind food transfers and whether such transfers should be interpreted as a sign of the failure of grain markets to meet the food demands of the poor. The paper elucidates on aspects of both consumption and in kind transfers of maize against a backdrop of poorly functioning markets. The paper adds to the theoretical understanding of household based linkages and provides a documentation of in kind commodity flows missing in many discussions of such linkages. The purpose of the paper is twofold: First, it sheds light on the phenomenon of in kind transfers of staple crops in the Kenyan context. Secondly, the article assesses the wider reciprocal and livelihood implications for the transferring households. The paper relies on three sets of data with respect to the methodology. It uses quantitative data collected at the household level in 2008, qualitative data collected at the village level in 2002 and 2008 as well as qualitative household level data gathered through in depth interviews with 30 heads of household and farm managers in Western Kenya in June and July of 2006. The survey found that 38% of the households transferred maize to their relatives. The explanations for in kind transfers are not primarily related to poor price incentives, but the functioning of household support systems across space. In kind transfers therefore at times drain the food resources of the sending households while constituting important sources of food security for receiving households. While the focus in the literature generally is on rural urban linkages, the direction of maize transfers was primarily rural to rural. The article concludes that existence of food transfers underpins the necessity of improving the commercial incentives for maize and other foodstuffs and eliminating the physical barriers to the free movement of foodstuffs across the national space.
|
|
| 2. |
- Appelblad Fredby, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
-
From "All for some" to "Some for all"? : A historical geography of pro-poor water provision in Kampala
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Eastern African Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1753-1055 .- 1753-1063. ; 7:1, s. 40-57
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article discusses the historical mechanisms and geographical factors that have formed the current structure of urban water provision in Kampala, the capital of Uganda. The formation of the urban geography of Kampala dates back to the early colonial period. The high- and middle-income earners have settled on the hills while the poorest part of the population lives in the low-lying areas, dispersed as pockets of unplanned and informal settlements. Public services are underdeveloped in these informal pockets. The government has pledged to improve services for the poor and this article analyses whether the efforts made are likely to lead to a lasting change, seen in a longer time perspective. The public water supply in Kampala has ever since its opening in 1930 focused on the middle- and high-income groups while poor people have been marginalised. Water provision to low-income groups has continued to rely on standpipes since the colonial period. There has also been organisational continuity, with a single centralised organisation in charge of urban water supply in all larger towns. Institutional changes, such as the new connection policy from 2004, have perpetuated the emphasis on middle- and high-income groups. This article argues that the traditional focus on private connections is creating a barrier for expansion of services in informal areas. Pre-paid water distribution, which was tried already in the 1920s, has in recent years seen a revival. This technology offers an important avenue for rectifying inequalities of public services that has been reproduced since the colonial period.
|
|
| 3. |
- Bayisenge, Jeannette, 1977, et al.
(författare)
-
Women’s land rights in the context of the land tenure reform in Rwanda – the experiences of policy implementers
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Eastern African Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1753-1055 .- 1753-1063. ; 9:1, s. 74-90
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the last decade, many international organisations such as the World Bank, Department for International Development (DFID) and United States Agency for International Development have expanded their programmes on land tenure reforms in developing countries. Throughout this process, women’s exclusion from land ownership has been increasingly questioned and legal reforms have been suggested as one solution. The aim of this paper is to explore and analyse the experiences of implementers of land registration and titling vis-a-vis women’s land rights in the Northern Province of Rwanda. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with administrative staff at different levels involved in the programme. From the implementers’ experiences, the findings show that the land certificate does not necessarily guarantee women decision-making over land, but also that women show increased awareness of land issues, which has led to land conflicts involving women. Secondly, the challenges encountered, such as polygamy, inherit- ance and ingaragazi issues, as well as men’s unwillingness to register their marriages, are related to men’s customary rights to land and to deeply embedded socio-cultural norms. The implementers’ experiences and the encountered challenges during the reform process are framed by the values of a patriarchal society in which the supremacy of men over women is still strong. This leads to a ‘theory/practice dilemma’ where laws and policies that look good on paper are not necessarily easily implemented and where the intentions of laws are not necessarily logic to the local- level implementers.
|
|
| 4. |
- Bergman-Lodin, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
-
New seeds, gender norms and labor dynamics in Hoima District, Uganda
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Eastern African Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1753-1055 .- 1753-1063. ; 6:3, s. 405-422
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- NERICA, a new group of high-yielding and stress-tolerant upland rice varieties developed by the Africa Rice Center, is changing production strategies of many Ugandan households. This article contributes a better understanding of processes leading to NERICA-related household outcomes in Hoima District, Uganda, by examining patterns of intrahousehold production relations and their consequences for household members' individual wellbeing. Research presented here provides a timely illustration of the impact that the introduction of NERICA in Hoima District has had on gendered labor dynamics in grower households. Drawing on a combination of quantitative and qualitative data, the analysis is grounded in the local context and the embodied and gendered subjectivities of smallholder women, men and children. Findings reveal that, while households that have adopted NERICA have become better off in economic terms, the extreme labor burden that NERICA demands in bird scaring and weeding affects women and children's wellbeing negatively by exacerbating their time poverty and energy expense. The article makes a case for more comprehensive assessments of agricultural intensification processes that involve diffusion of new production technology, arguing that such assessments should also contain an analysis of gendered labor dynamics within households.
|
|
| 5. |
- Bolin, Annalisa
(författare)
-
The strategic internationalism of Rwandan heritage
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Eastern African Studies. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1753-1055 .- 1753-1063. ; 15:3, s. 485-504
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heritage, a practice shot through with political forces, is mobilized by states within their international relationships through methods such as heritage diplomacy. Focusing on the connections between Rwanda and Germany, this article traces how heritage serves as a technique of foreign relations for the Rwandan state. The uses of heritage are shaped by the state's higher-level political orientations, especially the project of agaciro, which pursues an agenda of increased sovereignty for Rwanda in relation to the rest of the world. This conditions how 'shared heritage' and heritage repatriation contribute to establishing strategic alliances and decolonizing, making heritage part of a suite of tools used to advantageously reposition the country in the international arena. The article deepens our understanding of the Rwandan state's governing techniques and examines heritage's role as a mediator of international relationships, even for less-powerful nations whose agency is sometimes neglected in discussions of heritage diplomacy.
|
|
| 6. |
- Byerley, Andrew, 1965-
(författare)
-
Ambivalent inheritance : Jinja Town in search of a postcolonial refrain
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Eastern African Studies. - : Routledge. - 1753-1055 .- 1753-1063. ; 5:3, s. 482-504
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Jinja Town in Uganda, selected as one of five centres of growth in the post-WWII era of colonial developmentism, is perennially represented in the Ugandan media as the quintessential industrial town gone off-track. This is particularly evident for the case of the African housing estates built in Jinja in the 1950s where the dominant everyday rhythm is no longer dictated by the factory siren or the monthly wage but is instead a landscape scored by multiple rhythms. By conceptualising these estates as inherited machines – still loaded with a profusion of signs and objects from the era of the modern industrial ‘refrain’ – this paper seeks both to illustrate the colonial planning rationality and to examine contemporary processes of vernacular urbanism and contestations surrounding ‘re-occupations’ of the post-colonial city. It is argued that we need to seriously question any a priori invocation of a generic form of vernacular urbanism that is (or is not) to be prioritized over or ‘mixed’ with a Western planning cycle. Instead, the case study shows how historically mediated place specificities complicate the notion that the logics of place making can be unproblematically abstracted from.
|
|
| 7. |
- Byerley, Andrew, 1965-
(författare)
-
Ambivalent Inheritance : Jinja town in search of a postcolonial refrain
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Eastern African Studies. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1753-1055 .- 1753-1063. ; 5:3, s. 482-504
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract. Jinja Town in Uganda, selected as one of five centres of growth in the post-WWII era of colonial developmentism, is perennially represented in the Ugandan media as the quintessential industrial town gone off-track. This is particularly evident for the case of the African housing estates built in Jinja in the 1950s where the dominant everyday rhythm is no longer dictated by the factory siren or the monthly wage but instead is a landscape scored by multiple rhythms. By conceptually positioning these estates as inherited machines – ones still loaded with a profusion of signs and objects from the era of the modern industrial ‘refrain’ – this paper seeks both to illustrate the colonial planning rationality and to examine contemporary processes of vernacular urbanism and contestations surrounding ‘re-occupations’ of the post-colonial city. It is argued that we need to seriously question any a priori invocation of a generic ‘form’ of vernacular urbanism that is (or is not) to be prioritized over or ‘mixed’ with a Western planning cycle. Instead, the case study shows how historical and place specificities complicate the notion that the logics of place making can be unproblematically abstracted from.
|
|
| 8. |
- Cornell, Agnes, 1981, et al.
(författare)
-
Plus ça change? County-level politics in Kenya after devolution
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Eastern African Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1753-1055 .- 1753-1063. ; 8:1, s. 173-191
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the first time on 4 March 2013, Kenyans voted for county governors. Devolution has significantly changed fiscal and administrative organization, but has it led to changes in politics? Has it enabled the emergence of new elites, the entrenchment of old ones or rebalanced power between the counties and the centre? These issues are explored, by asking, first, whether gubernatorial candidates were 'insiders' who had held public office before, or 'outsiders', and whether they were locals or not; and second, how national forces impacted on the gubernatorial campaigns. These questions are answered using original primary data on four counties: Nakuru, Kiambu, Mombasa and Kilifi, and aggregated data from all 47 counties. We find that the majority of winning candidates were 'insiders' who won using existing patronage networks, suggesting that the gubernatorial elections led to the entrenchment of existing elites and patronage networks. However, the lack of involvement of national leaders in crucial party primaries allowed for the emergence of powerful local insiders who may challenge national elites going forward. Overall, the first chapter of devolution reflected existing political dynamics in Kenya more than it changed them, although challenges to the resilience of national elites are clear. © 2014 Taylor & Francis.
|
|
| 9. |
- D’Arcy, Michelle, et al.
(författare)
-
Intensified local grievances, enduring national control: the politics of land in the 2017 Kenyan elections
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Eastern African Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1753-1055 .- 1753-1063. ; 13:2, s. 294-312
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Constitutional provisions for devolution and land reform sought to address local land grievances and decentralize land administration in ways that would prevent conflict. The article argues that partial implementation of this agenda has intensified local grievances in a context of enduring national control over land administration. Local grievances have intensified as devolution has empowered majority communities and stoked their attachment to homelands, while the constitutional recognition of ancestral land rights has provided them with a legal basis for their claims. The failed decentralization of land administration has left national institutions as the focus of these claims. We examine whether these trends affected the use of land as a political resource and the rhetoric of land grievance during the 2017 elections. Using regression analysis, we find that titles were used patrimonially in the presidential elections, with titles targeted at Kikuyu minorities outside of their homelands. Our qualitative analysis suggests that the rhetoric of land grievances was limited in gubernatorial campaigns, suggesting that continued centralization in land administration retains the focus of land issues at the national level. Overall, our findings suggest that the partial implementation of the Constitution has exacerbated the conditions that led to land-based conflict in the past.
|
|
| 10. |
- Drew, James
(författare)
-
Protest, middlemen and everyday meanings of place: reconceptualising the scramble for East Africa's drylands
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Eastern African Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1753-1055 .- 1753-1063. ; 16:1, s. 160-179
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Kenya's drylands have experienced a recent rise in large-scale land acquisitions, including energy extraction and infrastructure projects. The "scramble" for land and resources involves a range of actors, including pastoralists, many of whom have attempted to secure rights over land in anticipation of new opportunities associated with future investments. Such "economies of anticipation" among communities are transforming investor and state visions. This article adds to discussions of economies of anticipation; it argues that different types of middlemen are central to rural communities' struggles to gain a stake in energy and infrastructure investments. The article argues for the importance of incorporating a temporal dimension into discussions of economies of anticipation and community-middlemen interactions. It charts how one pastoralist community's past experiences of negotiating their inclusion in the Lake Turkana Wind Power investment and other land deals shaped subsequent desires to demarcate land in anticipation of future investments. Alleged nepotism and inequitable inclusion of communities by investment gatekeepers sparked community claims of rightful inclusion based around contested meanings of land and an everyday sense of place. Social stratifications and narratives of belonging that emerged from protests for inclusion determined citizens' subsequent attempts to gain a stake in future investment projects.
|
|
