| 1. |
- Almeida, Juan Pablo, et al.
(författare)
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Ectomycorrhizal community composition and function in a spruce forest transitioning between nitrogen and phosphorus limitation
- 2019
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Ingår i: Fungal ecology. - : Elsevier. - 1754-5048 .- 1878-0083. ; 40, s. 20-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nitrogen is the main limiting nutrient in boreal ecosystems, but studies in southwest Sweden suggest that certain forests approach phosphorus (P) limitation driven by nitrogen (N) deposition. We added N, P or N + P to a Norway spruce forest in this region, to push the system to N or P limitation. Tree growth and needle nutrient concentrations indicated that the trees are P limited. EMF biomass was reduced only by N + P additions. Soil EMF communities responded more strongly to P than to N. Addition of apatite to ingrowth meshbags altered EMF community composition and enhanced the abundance of Imleria badia in the control and N plots, but not when P was added. The ecological significance of this species is discussed. Effects on tree growth, needle chemistry, and EMF communities indicate a dynamic interaction between EMF fungi and the nutrient status of trees and soils. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd and British Mycological Society. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Asplund, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Contrasting changes in palatability following senescence of the lichenized fungi Lobaria pulmonaria and L. scrobiculata
- 2012
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Ingår i: Fungal Ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1754-5048 .- 1878-0083. ; 5, s. 710-713
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Epiphytic lichens can contribute significantly to ecosystem nutrient input because they efficiently accumulate atmospheric mineral nutrients and, in the case of cyanolichens, also fix nitrogen. The rate at which carbon and other nutrients gained by lichens enters the ecosystem is determined by lichen litter decomposability and by invertebrate consumption of lichen litter. In turn, these processes are driven by the secondary compounds present in senesced lichens. Therefore, we explored how lichen palatability and concentrations of secondary compounds change with tissue senescence for Lobaria pulmonaria, a green algal lichen with cyanobacterial cephalodia, and L. scrobiculata, a cyanobacterial lichen. During senescence both lichens lost 38-48% of their stictic acid chemosyndrome, while m-scrobiculin and usnic acid in L. scrobiculata remained unchanged. Snails preferred senesced rather than fresh L. pulmonaria, while senesced L. scrobiculata were avoided. This provides evidence that species with labile secondary compounds will have higher turnover rates, through consumption and decomposition, than those producing more stable secondary compounds.
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| 3. |
- Asplund, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Removal of secondary compounds increases invertebrate abundance in lichens
- 2015
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Ingår i: Fungal Ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1754-5048 .- 1878-0083. ; 18, s. 18-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated how lichen carbon-based secondary compounds (CBSCs) affect abundance of invertebrates in five lichen species growing on the forest floor (Cladonia rangiferina, Cladonia stellaris) or on tree trunks (Evernia prunastri, Hypogymnia physodes, Pseudevemia furfuracea). To do this, CBSCs were removed by rinsing lichen thalli in acetone (which has no adverse effects on the lichens) and the lichens were re-transplanted in their natural habitat. After 4 months there was higher abundance of mites, springtails and spiders in the three epiphytic lichens that had their CBSC concentrations reduced. The increase in predatory spiders following CBSC reduction suggests that the compounds have multitrophic consequences. The acetone treatment reduced the number of nematodes in four of the lichen species. Given that lichens serve as important habitats for a diverse range of invertebrates, increased knowledge of how lichen CBSCs may regulate their abundance helps us to better understand the role that lichens and their defence compounds play in structuring forest food webs. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd and The British Mycological Society. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Azeem, Muhammad, et al.
(författare)
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A fungal metabolite masks the host plant odor for the pine weevil (Hylobius abietis)
- 2015
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Ingår i: Fungal ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1754-5048 .- 1878-0083. ; 13, s. 103-111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pine weevil is one of the most important pest insects of conifer reforestation areas in Europe. Female pine weevils cover their eggs with chewed bark and feces (frass) resulting in avoidance behavior of feeding conspecifics towards egg laying sites. It has been suggested that microorganisms present in the frass may be responsible for producing deterrent compounds for the pine weevil. The fungi Ophiostoma canum, O. pluriannulatum, and yeast Debaryomyces hansenii were isolated from aseptically collected pine-weevil frass. The isolated fungi were cultured on weevil frass broth and their volatiles were collected by SPME and identified by GC MS. D. hansenii produced methyl salicylate (MeS) as a major compound, whereas, in addition, O. canum and O. pluriannulatum produced 6-protoilludene. In a multi-choice lab bioassay, MeS strongly reduced pine weevil's attraction to the Pinus sylvestris volatiles. Thus, a fungal metabolite was found that strongly affects the pine weevil host-odor search. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd and The British Mycological Society. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Bahram, Mohammad
(författare)
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Impact of hurricane disturbance on mycorrhizal co-occurrence networks: Resilience and community dynamics in the Neotropics
- 2024
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Ingår i: Fungal Ecology. - 1754-5048 .- 1878-0083. ; 70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extreme climatic events and related disturbances such as hurricanes are increasingly altering forest ecosystems. How these events impact forest fungal communities is poorly characterized. We examined the effect of a hurricane on mycorrhizal community structure and potential interspecific fungal interactions, inferred from OTU co-occurrences. We characterized the root fungal communities of dual-mycorrhizal plants from nine plots during two consecutive years after a category four hurricane impacted the coastal Mexican Pacific tropical forest in Jalisco. Presence-abundance matrices were used to calculate properties of mycorrhizal networks including nestedness and modularity, and to infer patterns of co-occurrence. One year after the hurricane there was a loss of links between plants and fungi. Increased network modularity and connectivity were observed after two years. We also found that disturbance changed arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal network structure more strongly than ectomycorrhizal fungal networks. Fungal guilds changed their putative interspecific interactions, from mutual exclusion in the first year to a significant increase in co-occurrence of plant pathogens, saprotrophs, and endophytes in the second year. Our results suggest that in the short term, rhizospheric interactions can be resilient to hurricanes, but fungal guilds may have divergent responses.
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| 6. |
- Bengtsson, Stina, et al.
(författare)
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Population structure of Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus and its genetic relationship to Hymenoscyphus albidus
- 2012
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Ingår i: Fungal Ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1754-5048 .- 1878-0083. ; 5, s. 147-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ascomycete fungus Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus (anamorph Chalara fraxinea) is responsible for ash dieback currently expanding over large parts of Europe. Our objective was to investigate the genetic structure of H. pseudoalbidus and to examine its relationship to the species H. albidus, known as a saprotroph. The study comprised 181 isolates of H. pseudoalbidus collected within the diseased area, 17 H. albidus isolates from six apothecia, collected outside the diseased area in Norway, and nine apothecia of H. pseudoalbidus collected in Sweden. By analysis of microsatellite markers developed for this study, combined with AP-PCR using the M13 primer, we demonstrated sexual heterothally in H. pseudoalbidus, detected high gene flow and low geographic structure of the H. pseudoalbidus population and found indications of a founder effect. Also, substantial genetic differences were detected between the two species of fungi; only four of seven microsatellite markers developed for H. pseudoalbidus were amplified for H. albidus, and no alleles were shared among the species. Furthermore, AP-PCR banding patterns were distinctly different for the two species. We conclude that even though the two fungi have a similar habitat and are morphologically virtually identical, they do not share a recent common ancestor. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd and The British Mycological Society. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Bengtsson, Stina
(författare)
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Rapid invasion by an aggressive pathogenic fungus (Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus) replaces a native decomposer (Hymenoscyphus albidus): a case of local cryptic extinction?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Fungal Ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1754-5048 .- 1878-0083. ; 5, s. 663-669
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ash dieback caused by the infectious fungus Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus currently threatens the common ash, Fraxinus excelsior, in Europe. An intriguing aspect is the morphological and ecological similarity between H. pseudoalbidus and the native saprotroph Hymenoscyphus albidus. We revisited four localities where H. albidus apothecia were collected from 1989 to 2005 and established the current relationship of the species in these Danish ash stands based on microsatellites and differences in ITS sequences (used as CAPs marker). Scottish collections from 2010 supported the hypothesis that Danish herbarium samples prior to 2005 are identical to H. albidus still found in Scotland. The markers further revealed that herbarium samples from 1989 to 1994 were all H. albidus, while the latest collection (2005) was H. pseudoalbidus, which coincides with the first Danish symptom observations. Collections from 2010 were purely H. pseudoalbidus. We suggest that expanding H. pseudoalbidus excludes H. albidus from its niche resulting in H. albidus becoming a rare species in Denmark, which is perhaps already locally extinct. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd and The British Mycological Society. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Bergfur, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Trade-offs between fungal and bacterial respiration along gradients in temperature, nutrients and substrata: Experiments with stream derived microbial communities
- 2012
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Ingår i: Fungal ecology. - : Elsevier. - 1754-5048 .- 1878-0083. ; 5:1, s. 46-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined the effects of temperature, nutrients and substrata on microbial respiration rates. Leaves of alder and oak were incubated in a natural stream. Leaf discs were incubated in antibiotics to manipulate the ratio of fungi to bacteria with three treatments: antifungal, antibacterial, and combined antifungal and antibacterial treatment in addition to controls. Discs were subsequently incubated in different nutrient set-ups and temperature regimes. Significant effects of temperature, nutrients, microbial treatment and leaf type on respiration rates were found. However, temperature did not significantly add to the effect of eutrophication on microbial respiration rates. A stronger effect of temperature on fungal mediated respiration than on bacterial mediated respiration was found. In streams where leaf litter constitutes the main energy source, fungi constitute the dominant microbial decomposer. Our results indicate that increased temperature due to global warming might have serious implications for ecosystem functioning when leaf litter constitutes the main energy source.
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| 10. |
- Boberg, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Decomposing capacity of fungi commonly detected in Pinus sylvestris needle litter
- 2011
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Ingår i: Fungal Ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1754-5048 .- 1878-0083. ; 4, s. 110-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A major part of the fungal community in coniferous litter consists of fungi whose taxonomic position and ecology are unknown. Here, nine isolates from within commonly occurring phylogenetic groups were tested for their ability to decompose Pinus sylvestris needles. In a 1-yr long incubation study, needle mass loss as well as changes in cellulose and lignin content were determined and compared to those caused by two litter basidiomycetes (Marasmius androsaceus and Mycena epipterygia) with recognized ability to decompose needles. A basidiomycetous Clavulina/Sistotrema strain appeared to be cellulolytic but not ligninolytic. Chalara longipes and three other strains within Helotiales also decomposed cellulose but not lignin, whereas Mollisia cinerea (also Helotiales) and two Dothideomycetes - Sydowia polyspora and a Mytilinidion sp., seemed unable to cause significant mass loss of cellulose. Lophodermium pinastri (Rhytismatales) readily decomposed cellulose, and also caused considerable loss of lignin. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd and The British Mycological Society. All rights reserved.
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