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| 2. |
- Andersson, Fredrik N G, et al.
(författare)
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The Australian Carbon Tax - A Step in the Right Direction But Not Enough
- 2012
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Ingår i: Carbon Management. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1758-3004 .- 1758-3012. ; 3:3, s. 293-302
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we argue that the recently legislated carbon tax in Australia is a step in the right direction towards a low-carbon society, but not enough: de-carbonizing Australia calls for a radical structural transformation of the economy. Based on past experiences and economic theory, we argue that current climate policies should be complemented with an additional set of development policies aimed at developing new technology that has the capacity to structurally change the economy including the demand side of the economy. We suggest eight policy measures which can be pursued together with the carbon tax to reduce CO2 emissions
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| 3. |
- Henryson, Kajsa, et al.
(författare)
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Higher carbon sequestration on Swedish dairy farms compared with other farm types as revealed by national soil inventories
- 2022
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Ingår i: Carbon Management. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1758-3004 .- 1758-3012. ; 13, s. 266-278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small changes in the large stock of soil organic carbon (SOC) can have a substantial influence on the climate impact of agriculture. We used information from a Swedish soil monitoring program, in combination with farm census data, to analyze decadal SOC concentrations and SOC stock changes on dairy farms compared with other farm types, and to quantify the climate impact of these changes on dairy farms. Soil monitoring data included topsoil samples from two inventories on 159 dairy farms, 86 beef farms, 318 arable farms, and 13 pig farms, taken at the same locations in 2001-2007 and 2011-2017. Concentrations of SOC on dairy farms (3.0%) were significantly higher than on arable farms (2.3%) and pig farms (2.4%), but not significantly different from beef farms (3.1%). SOC concentration was correlated with proportion of ley at farm scale. SOC stocks in the upper 20 cm increased significantly on dairy, beef, and arable farms, by 0.38, 0.14, and 0.21 Mg C ha(-1 )year(-1), respectively, between 2001-2007 and 2011-2017. For dairy farms, this corresponded to -1.4 Mg CO2 ha(-1) and approximately -0.22 kg CO2 kg(-1) energy-corrected milk, demonstrating that SOC changes could have a substantial influence on the climate footprint of milk.
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| 4. |
- Lippke, B., et al.
(författare)
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Life cycle impacts of forest management and wood utilization on carbon mitigation: knowns and unknowns
- 2011
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Ingår i: Carbon Management. - London : Future Science. - 1758-3004 .- 1758-3012. ; 2:3, s. 303-333
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This review on research on life cycle carbon accounting examines the complexities in accounting for carbon emissions given the many different ways that wood is used. Recent objectives to increase the use of renewable fuels have raised policy questions, with respect to the sustainability of managing our forests as well as the impacts of how best to use wood from our forests. There has been general support for the benefits of sustainably managing forests for carbon mitigation as expressed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 2007. However, there are many integrated carbon pools involved, which have led to conflicting implications for best practices and policy. In particular, sustainable management of forests for products produces substantially different impacts than a focus on a single stand or on specific carbon pools with each contributing to different policy implications. In this article, we review many recent research findings on carbon impacts across all stages of processing from cradle-to-grave, based on life cycle accounting, which is necessary to understand the carbon interactions across many different carbon pools. The focus is on where findings are robust and where uncertainties may be large enough to question key assumptions that impact carbon in the forest and its many uses. Many opportunities for reducing carbon emissions are identified along with unintended consequences of proposed policies.
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| 5. |
- Nilsson, Lars J
(författare)
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Governing the transition to low-carbon energy and transport systems
- 2011
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Ingår i: Carbon Management. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1758-3004 .- 1758-3012. ; 2:2, s. 105-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- For reprint orders, please contact reprints@ future-science. com stakeholders, markets and institutions. Experience shows that straightforward regulation can be justifiable and effective in some areas (eg, building codes and appliance standards), benefit sharing schemes are often important to ensure stakeholder buy-in (eg, local acceptance for wind power) and public–private partnerships can be important for risk sharing and to leverage funding and capacity (eg, in the case of CCS). Particular governance challenges include maintaining ...
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Tong, Kangkang, et al.
(författare)
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Greenhouse gas emissions from key infrastructure sectors in larger and smaller Chinese cities: method development and benchmarking
- 2016
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Ingår i: Carbon Management. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1758-3004 .- 1758-3012. ; 7:1-2, s. 27-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With massive urbanization and infrastructure investments occurring in China, understanding GHG emissions from infrastructure use in small and large Chinese cities with different administrative levels is important for building future low-carbon cities. This paper identifies diverse data sources to assess GHG emission from community-wide infrastructure footprints (CIF) in four Chinese cities of varying population (1 to 20 million people) and administrative levels: Yixing, Qinhuangdao, Xiamen and Beijing. CIF addresses seven infrastructure sectors providing energy (fuels/coal), electricity, water supply and wastewater treatment, transportation, municipal waste management, construction materials, and food to support urban activities. Industrial energy use dominates the infrastructure GHG CIF in all four cities, ranging from 76% of total CIF in Yixing to 30% in Beijing, followed by residential energy use (6–13%), transportation (4–12%), commercial energy use (2–25%), food (6–11%), cement use (3–8%) and water (about 1%), thereby identifying priorities for low-carbon infrastructure development. Trans-boundary footprint contributions ranged from 31% (Beijing) to 8% (Qinhuangdao), indicating that supply chains to cities are important. GHGs from energy use are dominated by electricity (35–45%) and non-electricity coal use (30–50%). The authors demonstrate that disaggregated infrastructure use-efficiency metrics in each infrastructure sector provide useful baseline performance data for comparing diverse cities.
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| 8. |
- Lund, Emma
(författare)
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Who is driving? Public and private agency in the implementation of the CDM
- 2013
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Ingår i: Carbon Management. - 1758-3004. ; 4:1, s. 57-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article studies the Kyoto Protocol’s CDM as an example of hybrid governance, involving both public and private actors, and uses the concept of agency to explore the influence of public and private actors in the governance of the CDM over time. Even though public actors formally govern the CDM, the delegation of project implementation and supervision to private companies has created ample opportunities for private actors to exert agency as ‘street-level bureaucrats’, and in practice both public and private actors have been able to influence how the mechanism has developed. In order to understand the effects of hybrid governance, we therefore need to study the dynamics of the governance process.
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| 9. |
- Menichetti, Lorenzo, et al.
(författare)
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Bayesian calibration of the ICBM/3 soil organic carbon model constrained by data from long-term experiments and uncertainties of C inputs
- 2024
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Ingår i: Carbon Management. - 1758-3004. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Models with various complexity can asses soil C sequestration in agriculture. In this study, we updated the Introductory Carbon Balance Model (ICBM) with 28 years of additional data and included multiple long-term bare fallow experiments for old pool kinetics. We validated the model with data from a new long-term sister experiment. The new calibration included uncertainty in the estimation of below-ground C inputs to soil. The model now considers above- and belowground and external C inputs separately (ICBM/3). The underlying mathematical approach is the same, with two state variables and a climatic parameter, and such simple structure remained robust enough to describe soil organic C dynamics over six decades. We tested including an inert soil C pool in the model structure, but it did not decrease the observed variance. Similarly, an intercept in the functions for estimating belowground C input from crop yield was not useful. Results suggest that root C contributes more to the old organic C pool than aboveground C inputs. We also evaluated parameters interactions, in particular between C inputs and their transformation into more stable soil C interacted and decomposition kinetics. We also describe new functions for estimating the ICBM climatic parameter in a more user-friendly way.
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| 10. |
- Richter, Jessika Luth, et al.
(författare)
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Market behavior under the New Zealand ETS
- 2013
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Ingår i: Carbon Management. - 1758-3004. ; 4:4, s. 423-438
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The New Zealand emissions trading scheme (NZ ETS) is one of the first national-level GHG trading schemes outside Europe. It is also unique in its design and comprehensive sectoral coverage, including forestry. This paper provides an ex-post-assessment of market behavior in the NZ ETS in its first phase (2008-2012). Findings are based on quantitative evidence on prices and units, as well as qualitative information from interviews and questionnaires of key market participants and authorities. The analytical approach is based on the entire set of flexibilities granted to obliged parties to reduce GHG emissions cost effectively; that is, access to Kyoto Units, range of eligible measures, banking provision, market engagement of non-obliged parties and trading as such. Findings reveal that market behavior responds to the unique design of the NZ ETS, in particular to the access and price of Kyoto Units.
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