| 1. |
- Beamish, Andrew J., et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic and bariatric surgery in adolescents
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 1759-5045 .- 1759-5053. ; 16:10, s. 585-587
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A new study has added valuable outcome data from adolescents 5 years after undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. By comparing outcomes from adolescents and adults, the study adds to the existing evidence base, highlighting metabolic and bariatric surgery as an increasingly valuable tool in the multidisciplinary management of adolescents with severe obesity.
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| 2. |
- Gustafsson, Jenny K, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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The role of goblet cells and mucus in intestinal homeostasis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1759-5045 .- 1759-5053. ; 19, s. 785-803
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mucus, produced by goblet cells, provides the intestinal tract with an additional layer of protection. This Review discusses the role of mucus and goblet cells in intestinal health and disease, and dissects the underlying regulatory mechanisms. The intestinal tract faces numerous challenges that require several layers of defence. The tight epithelium forms a physical barrier that is further protected by a mucus layer, which provides various site-specific protective functions. Mucus is produced by goblet cells, and as a result of single-cell RNA sequencing identifying novel goblet cell subpopulations, our understanding of their various contributions to intestinal homeostasis has improved. Goblet cells not only produce mucus but also are intimately linked to the immune system. Mucus and goblet cell development is tightly regulated during early life and synchronized with microbial colonization. Dysregulation of the developing mucus systems and goblet cells has been associated with infectious and inflammatory conditions and predisposition to chronic disease later in life. Dysfunctional mucus and altered goblet cell profiles are associated with inflammatory conditions in which some mucus system impairments precede inflammation, indicating a role in pathogenesis. In this Review, we present an overview of the current understanding of the role of goblet cells and the mucus layer in maintaining intestinal health during steady-state and how alterations to these systems contribute to inflammatory and infectious disease.
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| 3. |
- Högberg, Lotta, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnosis criteria in young children
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1759-5045 .- 1759-5053. ; 6:8, s. 447-448
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
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| 4. |
- Högberg, Lotta, et al.
(författare)
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Pediatric celiac disease-is a diagnostic biopsy necessary?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1759-5045 .- 1759-5053. ; 9:3, s. 127-128
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A small-bowel biopsy is currently required in the diagnosis of celiac disease in children. The European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition has now presented new guidelines for the diagnosis of celiac disease, which indicate that small-bowel biopsy could be avoided in certain cases.
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| 5. |
- Johansson, Malin E V, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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The gastrointestinal mucus system in health and disease.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1759-5053 .- 1759-5045. ; 10:6, s. 352-61
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mucins--large, highly glycosylated proteins--are important for the luminal protection of the gastrointestinal tract. Enterocytes have their apical surface covered by transmembrane mucins and goblet cells produce the secreted gel-forming mucins that form mucus. The small intestine has a single unattached mucus layer, which in cystic fibrosis becomes attached, accounting for the intestinal manifestations of this disease. The stomach and colon have two layers of mucus; the inner layer is attached and the outer layer is less dense and unattached. In the colon, the outer mucus layer is the habitat for commensal bacteria. The inner mucus layer is impervious to bacteria and is renewed every hour by surface goblet cells. The crypt goblet cells have the ability to restitute the mucus layer by secretion, for example after an ischaemic challenge. Proteases of certain parasites and some bacteria can cleave mucins and dissolve the mucus as part of their pathogenicity. The inner mucus layer can, however, also become penetrable to bacteria by several other mechanisms, including aberrations in the immune system. When bacteria reach the epithelial surface, the immune system is activated and inflammation is triggered. This mechanism might occur in some types of ulcerative colitis.
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| 6. |
- Keller, J., et al.
(författare)
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Advances in the diagnosis and classification of gastric and intestinal motility disorders
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1759-5045 .- 1759-5053. ; 15:5, s. 291-308
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Disturbances of gastric, intestinal and colonic motor and sensory functions affect a large proportion of the population worldwide, impair quality of life and cause considerable health-care costs. Assessment of gastrointestinal motility in these patients can serve to establish diagnosis and to guide therapy. Major advances in diagnostic techniques during the past 5-10 years have led to this update about indications for and selection and performance of currently available tests. As symptoms have poor concordance with gastrointestinal motor dysfunction, clinical motility testing is indicated in patients in whom there is no evidence of causative mucosal or structural diseases such as inflammatory or malignant disease. Transit tests using radiopaque markers, scintigraphy, breath tests and wireless motility capsules are noninvasive. Other tests of gastrointestinal contractility or sensation usually require intubation, typically represent second-line investigations limited to patients with severe symptoms and are performed at only specialized centres. This Consensus Statement details recommended tests as well as useful clinical alternatives for investigation of gastric, small bowel and colonic motility. The article provides recommendations on how to classify gastrointestinal motor disorders on the basis of test results and describes how test results guide treatment decisions.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- König, Julia, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Faecal microbiota transplantation in IBS : new evidence for success?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1759-5045 .- 1759-5053. ; 17:4, s. 199-200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) aims to restore an altered microbiota and has been suggested as a potential treatment option for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), among other diseases. A new study suggests that the use of a so-called superdonor is necessary to successfully treat patients with IBS using FMT.
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| 10. |
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