| 1. |
- Ahlgren, Serina, et al.
(författare)
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EU sustainability criteria for biofuels : Uncertainties in GHG emissions from cultivation
- 2012
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Ingår i: Biofuels. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1759-7269 .- 1759-7277. ; 3:4, s. 399-411
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Cultivation of raw material represents a large proportion of biofuelś GHG emissions. The EU renewable energy directive 2009/28/EC specifies a GHG emission default value for cultivation of biofuel raw material (23 g CO2-e/MJ ethanol for wheat). The aim of this study was to quantify the uncertainty in GHG emissions for wheat cultivation in Sweden, considering uncertainty and variability in data at farm level. Results: Two levels of data collection at farm level were analyzed; simple (only yield and amount of N) and advanced (also including amounts and types of energy). The 2.5-97.5 percentile uncertainty for Swedish winter wheat was 20-27 g CO 2-e/MJ, which can be considered large in the context of the Directives threshold of 23 g (to two significant figures). Conclusion: It is concluded that quantifying GHG emissions in order to regulate biofuels is a difficult task, especially emissions from cultivation, since these are biological systems with large variability.
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| 2. |
- Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
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Bioenergy grown on contaminated land - A sustainable bioenergy contributor?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Biofuels. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1759-7269 .- 1759-7277. ; 5:5, s. 487-498
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A consequence of the rapidly increasing demand for bioenergy is an increasing demand for land for growing energy crops. Therefore, the utilization of arable land for this production is believed to increase. Meanwhile, larger areas of arable land are also needed to ensure the supply of food to the growing world population. Growing energy crops in areas that are not suitable for food production such as brownfields, this controversy can partly be solved and several other environmental benefits can be achieved at the same time. The total environmental impact of bioenergy cultivation on contaminated land depends on the full cultivation chain including the handling of bioenergy residues and the full chain is important in the risk- and environmental assessments. © 2015 Taylor & Francis.
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| 3. |
- Dahlgren, Sofia
(författare)
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Biogas-based fuels as renewable energy in the transport sector: an overview of the potential of using CBG, LBG and other vehicle fuels produced from biogas
- 2022
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Ingår i: Biofuels. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 1759-7269 .- 1759-7277. ; 13:5, s. 587-599
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The energy supply in the world needs to change from fossil fuels to renewable alternatives. Biogas is such a renewable alternative, and there is potential to increase the biogas production in the world. In recent decades, many countries have increasingly been upgrading biogas to vehicle fuel. In the last few years, the interest has also increased in liquefying biogas for heavier transports. Biogas can also be a raw material for other fuels by gasifying the biogas, for example Fischer-Tropsch fuels, methanol, dimethyl ether and hydrogen. This study provides an overview of vehicle fuels that can be produced from biogas, their technological maturity and their respective potentials as substitutes for fossil fuels in the transport system. A common factor for all of them is that they are most often produced from fossil fuels. Compressed and liquefied methane are the only fuels being commercially produced using biogas. The other fuels all have strengths that both compressed and liquefied methane lack, for example the possibility of emission-free fuel cell vehicles. However, they are all less mature technologies than compressed and liquefied methane. The greatest short-term potential is thus for expanded use of biogas as compressed and liquefied biomethane.
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| 4. |
- Dahlgren, Sofia, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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Drivers for and barriers to biogas use in manufacturing, road transport and shipping : a demand-side perspective
- 2022
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Ingår i: Biofuels. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1759-7269 .- 1759-7277. ; 13:2, s. 177-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contemporary environmental problems require a transition to renewable energy. Biogas is one alternative, which besides being renewable has many other benefits. For further expansion of biogas production, it seems necessary to develop new areas of biogas usage where biogas can replace fossil fuels. This article presents an analysis of the drivers for and barriers to increased biogas usage in three sectors where biogas usage is undeveloped in Sweden: manufacturing, road transport and shipping. Several of the identified drivers and barriers, such as unstable and short-term policies, lack of infrastructure, and contract requirements, have also been found in previous studies even though they may be slightly different depending on the context. A new driver observed in this study is that of intergenerational thinking in family-owned businesses. The study also reiterates the significant influence of policy in the form of subsidies, tax exemptions and regulations on the adoption and use of renewable energy in general and biogas specifically. The results suggest the need for future policymaking to be guided by long-term trajectories, which can be a relevant basis for adopters to make investments into biogas technologies.
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| 5. |
- Dimitriou, Ioannis, et al.
(författare)
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Positioning the biofuel policy in the bioeconomy of the BioEast macro-region
- 2022
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Ingår i: Biofuels. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1759-7269 .- 1759-7277. ; 13, s. 833-842
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study outlines and reviews the concerted biofuels' policy for transport of eleven countries in central and eastern Europe (BioEast macro-region). Policy preferences collected from relevant government representatives of the region are analyzed using choice architecture and fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process. The experts' preferences concerning criteria related to land use, decarbonization and development of a national market are ranked with similar importance, with a slight preference for the latter. The results demonstrate a great variation in the priorities for forming and implementing biofuel policies in the region, strongly related to national realities (e.g. available land for biofuel production, target fulfilment). Countries delaying in their biofuel targets aim at policies that fulfil internal demands without considering other criteria related to land use issues and own sources. The results show a general agreement (95% consensus) of having about 66% of renewable energy in transport covered from biofuels resulting from domestic biomass supply. Yet, there are differing preferences in the policy options at country level, which makes a single consensus policy for the macro-region challenging. Finally, the results highlight the different degrees of policy intervention that are implicit in the policy preferences of the national decision makers.
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| 6. |
- Ersson, Carolina, et al.
(författare)
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Biofuels for transportation in 2030 : feedstock and production plants in a Swedish county
- 2013
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Ingår i: Biofuels. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1759-7269 .- 1759-7277. ; 4:4, s. 379-395
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This paper gives insight into whether biofuels for road transport can play an important role in a Swedish county in the year 2030, and contributes to knowledge on how to perform similar studies.Methodology: A resource-focused assessment, including feedstock from the waste sector, agricultural sector, forestry sector and aquatic environments, partially considering technological and economic constraints.Results: Two scenarios were used indicating that biofuels could cover almost 30 and 50%, respectively, of total energy demand for road transport.Conclusion: Without compromising food security, this study suggests that it is possible to significantly increase biofuel production, and to do this as an integrated part of existing society, thereby also contributing to positive societal synergies.
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| 7. |
- Fast, Stewart, et al.
(författare)
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Biofuels: From a win-win solution to a wicked problem?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Biofuels. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1759-7277 .- 1759-7269. ; 3:6, s. 737-748
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current and recent struggles encountered in the development of the transport biofuels sector indicate a significant change in the perception of biofuels. Instead of a win-win solution, transport biofuels have become a major planning challenge. In fact, biofuels can be labelled a wicked problem. The planning studies literature offers some tools to interpret this change and guide future actions. First, by assessing recent experiences of biofuels in the EU and US against the ten characteristics of wicked problems we find biofuels “fit” the profile of such issues. Second, we observe that differentiated strategies will suit the different challenges facing biofuels development. We argue that without recognition and engagement of multiple perspectives on transport biofuels they will remain a wicked problem and we therefore advocate for strengthened approaches to communication and engagement.
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| 8. |
- Gustafsson, Marcus, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Biogas policies and production development in Europe : a comparative analysis of eight countries
- 2022
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Ingår i: Biofuels. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1759-7269 .- 1759-7277. ; 13:8, s. 931-944
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper compares and analyzes the relations between the biogas development and the national policy frameworks for biogas solutions in eight European countries. The policy frameworks are compared using a biogas policy model, comprising five dimensions: type of policy; administrative area; administrative level; targeted part of the value chain; and continuity and change over time. The studied countries show examples of both increasing and stagnating biogas production, all of which can be associated with changes in national policy frameworks. Many different policy tools?particularly economic instruments?have proven successful for stimulating biogas production, but changing a well-functioning framework risks impeding the development. Therefore, predictability and relevance for targeted actors are key in policymaking. Targeting specific parts of the value chain can however be required to integrate all the benefits of biogas solutions, such as agricultural methane emissions reduction. Moreover, it can be challenging to design policies and policy instruments that are both effective and sustainable over time, without needs for modifications or adjustments. Finally, biogas policies and policy instruments that are effective in one country would not necessarily lead to the same outcome in another country, as they are dependent on the broader context and policy and economic framework.
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| 9. |
- Gustafsson, Marcus, 1987-
(författare)
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Centralized or decentralized? How to exploit Sweden’s agricultural biomethane potential
- 2024
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Ingår i: Biofuels. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1759-7269 .- 1759-7277.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The agricultural sector holds great potential for contributing to European biomethane production, but how to best exploit it is still not clear. This study compares three technical solutions for producing liquefied biomethane from manure in Sweden: centralized biogas production and liquefaction, decentralized biogas production and centralized liquefaction, and decentralized biogas production and liquefaction. Technical and practical aspects of the three configurations are assessed through interviews with professionals, and the economic performance is compared through life cycle cost analysis. Depending on the conditions, the most cost-efficient alternative is either a gas pipeline from decentralized biogas production to a centralized liquefaction, or fully centralized production. The economic benefit of centralization increases with the number of farms involved but decreases with the biogas capacity of the system and the transport distance. The pipeline solution provides simple logistics and operation, although concession for pipe laying can be challenging. Moreover, a partly or fully centralized setup improves the delivery security of the system and reduces downtime. However, decentralized biomethane production can be an option for remote farms where centralization is not possible. For existing biogas plants, small-scale liquefaction or a pipeline to centralized liquefaction can be options for developing more biomethane production.
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| 10. |
- Gustafsson, Marcus, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Great expectations : Future scenarios for production and use of biogas and digestate in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Biofuels. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1759-7269 .- 1759-7277. ; 14:1, s. 93-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden aims to increase biogas production from anaerobic digestion (AD) from 2 to 7 TWh/year until 2030. This paper investigates the requirements, challenges and implications of such a development through qualitative and quantitative assessment of three scenarios. Seven key elements—national policies and policy instruments, regional policies and policy instruments, mobilization of feedstock, infrastructure for feedstock and gas, mobilization of actors, new production facilities, and stable and increasing demand—were defined for the scenario construction and were also used to structure the comparative analysis. Quantitatively, increasing the biogas production from 2 to 7 TWh is estimated to require up to 5 times larger digester volume and up to 12 times more AD plants, meanwhile producing 6 – 8 times more biofertilizers. While a centralized production structure would be more efficient, a decentralized structure with small biogas plants would facilitate the logistics of agricultural substrates and biofertilizers. New production capacity could be incentivized through new and increased production subsidies, as well as an increased demand for renewable energy. Regardless of how the goal is to be achieved, it will require collective efforts from both public and private actors to overcome the many challenges on the way.
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