| 1. |
- Ericson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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A change in design knowledge : from stand-alone products to service offerings
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Technology, Knowledge and Society. - 1832-3669. ; 8:2, s. 51-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the manufacturing industry, offering services as the value carrier of the product is becoming a key interest. In short, the product concept changes from something engineered to providing “performance in use” in order to fulfill customer needs. This change of paradigm, from an established view of products as nothing else than physical artefacts to the idea of products as service offerings, is commonly described in the research field called Product ServiceSystems (PSS). Examples of expected benefits of PSS for manufacturing companies are that they can: (1) meet the sustainability challenges, (2) manage competition, and (3) provide added value to their customers. The knowledge base in manufacturing companies is firmly based in engineering activities and computer support for the design of artefacts is well developed (e.g., Computer Aided Design). However, it can be argued that the guiding principles, or the technological support, for PSS cannot be built upon the idea of products as engineered. A central message of this conceptual paper is that the introduction of PSS may challenge not only companies, but also design engineer education. The paper investigates the challenges and proposes activities that could bridge the gap between developing stand-alone products and service offerings.
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| 2. |
- Ericson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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In search of innovation : grasping the concept of needs
- 2006
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Ingår i: International Journal of Technology, Knowledge and Society. - 1832-3669. ; 2:4, s. 35-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The starting position for this paper is experiences in identifying needs. The paper discusses the concept of needs and seeks to explore whether needs, as a concept, can be identified and understood in the relevant literature. The discussion is inspired by both an engineering design perspective and an interaction design perspective of needs. The discussion highlights a duality of needs, needs are partly easy to express and partly difficult, even impossible, to express. Thus, to grasp the concept as a whole, it is necessary to adapt different approaches. Needs that are difficult to express are situated in the user's context and are experienced by the user as a perceived lack of satisfying solutions. The solution is not understood or known by the user. Therefore, needs cannot be easily expressed by the user; such needs have to be found. An interpretive approach adapted by the design team and/or the needfinder to understand the user's situation and to identify such needs is suggested.
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| 3. |
- Holst, Marita, et al.
(författare)
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Enriching the process of appreciating needs with storytelling
- 2006
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Ingår i: International Journal of Technology, Knowledge and Society. - 1832-3669. ; 2:4, s. 61-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explicates the possibility to enrich the process of appreciating needs with storytelling. In this way we are able to identify needs and, thus, facilitate the design process of a viable community for knowledge-sharing and creation across boundaries among young entrepreneurs. The specific situation which the design of a knowledge community constitute is discussed and the usefulness of our approach is thereafter valued in relation to the challenges of creating a viable community constructed from participants' identified needs and interests.
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| 4. |
- Berbyuk Lindström, Nataliya, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Mobile Technology for Social Inclusion of Migrants in the Age of Globalization: A Case Study of Newly Arrived Healthcare Professionals in Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Technology, Knowledge, and Society. - 1832-3669. ; 15:2, s. 1-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2015–2016, an increased number of migrants entered the European Union. Supporting them in entering host societies and enhancing their social inclusion is a challenge. An essential inclusionary step is providing language and host culture training for the newcomers as well as supporting them in making contacts with locals. Mobile technology, due to its accessibility, can be a bridging tool between migrants and host societies. This study investigates the needs of a specific group of migrants—namely, newly arrived health care professionals (HCPs)—in terms of employability and integration into the labour market. Further, it reports on a user test conducted to explore how a specific mobile application “Welcome!” meets these needs and promotes HCPs’ integration into Swedish society. A qualitative methodology based on semi-structured focus group interviews and questionnaires with HCPs was used. The results show that the respondents express strong needs in language for specific purposes and intercultural communication training in relation to the healthcare context as well as in making contacts with professionals, which can be beneficial to obtaining employment. As the app provides opportunities for more general language training and contacts with locals, the participants showed little interest in using it. The study gives suggestions for developing mobile tools for supporting social inclusion of highly educated migrants, emphasizing the need to consider specific subpopulations in the design of mobile applications for migrant integration.
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| 5. |
- Holmström, Anton, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Industry 4.0 Introduction in Critical Infrastructure: Information Security Reasoning in Practice
- 2024
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Technology, Knowledge and Society. - : Common Ground Research Networks. - 1832-3669 .- 2835-0391. ; 20:1, s. 1-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article presents an empirical study of critical infrastructure service providers in consulting, energy, and mining. The study aims to investigate how such service providers perceive and explain information security and challenges in the context of an information technology-operational technology (IT-OT) interconnected environment, that is, Industry 4.0. The study is based on qualitative data from semi-structured interviews with informants holding three different types of positions at the organizations, that is, OT security advisor, business developer, and information security coordinator. The study indicatively concludes that role and responsibility significantly impact practitioners’ reasoning and standpoints. Similarly, security focuses, or prioritization, differs between IT and OT. In line with the literature, the findings indicate that mindsets or mental models need further attention. The article, thus, suggests three research directions to develop insight for expanding information security practices to encompass human and organizational challenges based on behaviors, roles, norms, and attitudes.
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| 6. |
- Lugnet, Johan, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Scenarios as a Tool for Professional Training in Information Security Dialogues
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Technology, Knowledge and Society. - : Common Ground Publishing. - 1832-3669. ; 18:2, s. 65-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents scenarios designed to support abstract and reflective thinking necessary to inculcate information security awareness among IT service designers. Data for the study was obtained in empirical interventions and through an action research approach in cooperation with an IT company. The findings highlight the need for training that, in combination with traditional contents, also integrates organizational, business, and social aspects into information security awareness. Rethinking a strategy for training to be grounded in scenarios from day-to-day business activities is one implication of the study; another is the suggestion to frame the scenarios as dilemmas, that is, problematic and realistic situations having multiple solutions depending on interpretations and perspectives, and a final conclusion is the importance of enabling structured in-depth dialogues among employees.
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| 7. |
- Cox, Charles, et al.
(författare)
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Tendencies toward Problem-Setting and Problem-Solving: A Study of Operations Derived from Motivation Strategies
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Technology, Knowledge and Society. - 1832-3669. ; 10:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- User-centered approaches are a key concern for firms’ innovation practices, while higher engineering education typically focuses on the technical problem-solving activities. Recently, engineering education has incorporated team assignments for students where they are encouraged to manage open-ended problems. Yet, many students’ conduct appears to be “business as usual” and they do not make an attempt to shift their views. Reasons for this behavior need to be investigated to inform the engineering curricula. The purpose in this paper is to demonstrate the impact of distinct orientations on an open-ended design challenge in order to highlight differences, which have implications for learning and education. This study applies familiar educational psychology concepts to the unfamiliar setting of design education, focusing on user needs and acknowledging students’ orientations as a possible basis for guiding and accommodating design operations. Engineering design students were divided into two groups based on their individual orientation—namely the mastery and performance oriented types. The homogeneous groups reinforced the individual strategies and the effects on their operations could be observed. The distinct orientations had an impact on the open-ended design challenge. Results indicate considerations for conflicts between solving and setting, which might affect the involvement of users and their needs as resources in early product development. This study addresses how individual orientations in homogeneous groups have an effect on user-centered design in open-ended design tasks. Highlighting differences contributes to understanding challenges in innovation activities. The study indicates that students need different guidance and coaching to match their orientations.
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