| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Crafoord, Sven, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
-
Cellular migration into neural retina following implantation of melanin granules in the subretinal space
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Graefe's Archives for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0721-832X .- 1435-702X. ; 238:8, s. 682-689
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In some retinal diseases and following transplantation of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), melanin granules are liberated to the subretinal space. Our aim was to investigate the cellular response to implanted extracellular melanin. Methods: After pars plana vitrectomy, 17 albino rabbits received a suspension of melanin granules in the subretinal space. Postoperative examination included ophthalmoscopy, color fundus photography, histology using monoclonal antibodies identifying RPE cells (AE1/3), macrophages (RAM 11), B-lymphocytes (CD20) and T-lymphocytes (CD45), and electron microscopy. The follow-up time was 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 months. Results: On fundus photographs, the layer of melanin showed focal attenuation with lighter areas at 6 months. Melanin granules were phagocytosed by RPE cells and macrophages at 2 weeks, as identified by monoclonal antibodies. In areas where an abundance of melanin was present, multilayers of macrophages were seen associated with considerable photoreceptor damage. Pigment-laden cells invaded the neural retina. The cellular infiltration of the retina was focal, and when it involved the outer nuclear layer the photoreceptor damage was severe. Electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of melanosomes intracellularly in Müller glia. The process of phagocytosis and removal of melanin granules from the subretinal space was slow and not completed at 6 months. Conclusion: Our experiments show that implantation of melanin granules in the subretinal space of albino rabbits may induce a considerable phagocytic cellular response featuring the host’s RPE, macrophages and glial cells. The migration of pigment-laden cells into the neural retina was associated with focal photoreceptor damage.
|
|
| 3. |
- Ploetner, Joerg, et al.
(författare)
-
Genetic data reveal that water frogs of Cyprus (genus Pelophylax) are an endemic species of Messinian origin
- 2012
-
Ingår i: ZOOSYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION. - : Wiley. - 1860-0743 .- 1435-1935. ; 88:2, s. 261-283
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Water frogs inhabiting Cyprus represent a distinct evolutionary species of Messinian origin that is formally described in this paper. The systematic status of Cypriot frogs is evidenced by specific characters in their mitochondrial (mt) and nuclear (nu) DNA sequences, and the fact that they form a well supported monophyletic clade in both mtDNA and nuDNA phylogenies. While genetic data revealed clear and reproducible differences between this new taxon and all other western Palearctic water frog species including Pelophylax bedriagae in the Levant and two Anatolian water frogs lineages (P. cf. bedriagae -1 and P. cf. bedriagae -2), there is no diagnostic morphological or morphometric character that allows a clear discrimination between Cyprus frogs and frogs from the adjacent mainland. If several morphometric indices are combined as predictor variables in a discriminant analysis, however, both females and males of Cypriot water frogs are correctly distinguished from the other eastern Mediterranean lineages. While phylogenies based on concatenated sequences of two mitochondrial genes (ND2 + ND3) suggest a sister group relationship of Cypriot and Anatolian water frog lineages, our nuclear data hypothesize a sister group relationship between Cypriot frogs (sp. n.) and Crete frogs (P. cretensis), thus speaking for the same isolation time of both island populations.
|
|
| 4. |
- Andersson, Gunnar, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
-
Cohort fertility patterns in the Nordic countries
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Demographic Research. - 1435-9871. ; 20:14, s. 313-352
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous analyses of period fertility suggest that the trends of the Nordic countries are sufficiently similar to speak of a common "Nordic fertility regime". We investigate whether this assumption can be corroborated by comparing cohort fertility patterns in the Nordic countries. We study cumulated and completed fertility of Nordic birth cohorts based on the childbearing histories of women born in 1935 and later derived from the population registers of Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. We further explore childbearing behaviour by women’s educational attainment. The results show remarkable similarities in postponement and recuperation between the countries. Median childbearing age is about 2−3 years higher in the 1960−64 cohort than in the 1950−54 cohort, but the younger cohort recuperates the fertility level of the older cohort at ages 30 and above. A similar pattern of recuperation can be observed for highly educated women as compared to women with less education, resulting in small differences in completed fertility across educational groups. Another interesting finding is that of a positive relationship between educational level and the final number of children when women who become mothers at similar ages are compared. Despite some differences in the levels of childlessness, country differences in fertility outcome are generally small. The cohort analyses thus support the notion of a common Nordic fertility regime.
|
|
| 5. |
- Kridahl, Linda, 1984-
(författare)
-
Retirement timing and grandparenthood : A population-based study on Sweden
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Demographic Research. - 1435-9871. ; 37, s. 957-994
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study addresses the importance of grandparenthood in relation to retirement timing in Sweden. It extends previous research by assessing a number of grandparental characteristics, such as being a grandparent, a grandparent’s age and gender, number of years since the transition to grandparenthood, number of grandchildren, number of grandchild sets, and age of the youngest grandchild, while simultaneously controlling for other central predictors of retirement timing.Methods: The study uses survival analysis on Swedish population register data for cohorts born between 1935 and 1945 over the 1993‒2012 period.Results: The results indicate that grandparents have a higher retirement risk than non-grandparents, even after controlling for age and other central predictors of retirement. The results also show that those who have been grandparents for more than two years have a higher risk of retirement; however, there is variation with respect to the age of the grandparent. In addition, grandparents with multiple grandchildren and grandchild sets exhibit an increased risk of retirement. The study does not find strong differences between grandmothers’ and grandfathers’ retirement timing.Conclusions: The study finds that grandparents at different life stages have an elevated risk of retirement compared with non-grandparents, but there is also variation among grandparents, and the more complex the family situation, the higher the risk of retirement.Contribution: The inclusion of grandparenthood enriches the understanding of the complexity of the retirement decision and indicates that this decision is more closely linked to intergenerational family structures than the literature has previously shown.
|
|
