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- Damen, Wim, et al.
(författare)
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Embryonic development and the understanding of the adult body plan in myriapods
- 2009
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Ingår i: Soil Organisms. - 1864-6417. ; 81:3, s. 337-346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The adult body plan is laid down during embryonic and post-embryonic development of an organism. Here we review two examples for how data on gene expression during embryonic development have changed our understanding of the adult body plan of myriapods. Gene expression studies in the geophilomorph centipede Strigamia maritima (Leach, 1817) have demonstrated that a developmental constraint underlies the always-odd number of leg bearing segments in geophilomorph centipedes. Similarly, data on gene expression in the millipede Glomeris marginata (Villers, 1789) have demonstrated a decoupling of dorsal and ventral segmentation, which provided an explanation for the discrepancy in dorsal and ventral structures in the body of millipedes. Knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying embryonic development therefore significantly contributes to understanding morphological features of the adult myriapod body.
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| 2. |
- Malmström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Responses of Collembola and Protura to tree girdling – some support for ectomycorrhizal feeding
- 2011
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Ingår i: Soil Organisms. - 1864-6417. ; 83, s. 279-285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi are very common in forest soils, but their role as a food resource for fungivorous soil animals is poorly known. We used two tree-girdling experiments in Picea abies forests and one experiment in a Pinus sylvestris forest, all in northern Sweden, to indirectly test if Collembola and Protura in boreal forest soils prefer EM fungi over other fungi. We assumed that tree girdling will stop e flux of carbohydrates to roots and associated fungi, and thereby inhibit growth and long-term survival EM fungi. After about one year, proturans decreased in abundance after girdling, indicating that they efer feeding on EM fungi, while most collembolan species seemed to be unaffected by girdling and e presumed reduction in EM fungi. However, the collembolans Mesaphorura macrochaeta, Anurida anaria and Parisotoma notabilis increased in abundance after girdling in one of the three experiments, and Micranurida pygmaea decreased. With the exception of the latter species, this is in accordance with the common opinion that most Collembola prefer saprotrophic fungi over EM fungi, while Protura are at least partly dependent on EM fungi
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