| 1. |
- Sjöqvist, Erik
(författare)
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Nonadiabatic holonomic single-qubit gates in off-resonant Λ systems
- 2016
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Ingår i: Physics Letters A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0375-9601 .- 1873-2429. ; 380:1-2, s. 65-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We generalize nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computation in a resonant Λ configuration proposed in [New J. Phys. 14 (2012) 103035] to the case of off-resonant driving lasers. We show that any single-qubit holonomic gate can be realized by separately varying the detuning, amplitude, and phase of the lasers.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Barin, Mohsen, et al.
(författare)
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Abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in relation to soil salinity around Lake Urmia in northern Iran analyzed by use of lipid biomarkers and microscopy
- 2013
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Ingår i: Pedobiologia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-1511 .- 0031-4056. ; 56:4-6, s. 225-232
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Saline soils around Lake Urmia in northern Iran constitute a stressed environment for plants and microbial communities, including arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Soil and root samples were collected from fields cultivated with the glycophytes Allium cepa L. and Medicago sativa L, and sites dominated by the halophyte Salicornia europaea L. Soil and root samples were analyzed for the AM fungal signature neutral lipid fatty acid (NLFA) 16:1 omega 5. The roots were also examined microscopically for mycorrhizal colonization. Each plant species was sampled across a salt gradient. Microscopic examination showed no AM fungal structures in the roots of S. europaea. The highest root colonization was recorded for M. sativa. The highest NLFA 16:1 omega 5 values were found in soil around M. sativa roots and the lowest in soil around S. europaea roots. We found evidence for stimulation of vesicle formation at moderate salinity levels in M. sativa, which is an indication of increased carbon allocation to mycorrhiza. On the other hand, we found a negative correlation between salinity and arbuscule formation in A. cepa, which may indicate a less functional symbiosis in saline soils. (C) 2013 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Bokhorst, Stef Frederik, et al.
(författare)
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Contrasting responses of springtails and mites to elevation and vegetation type in the sub-Arctic
- 2018
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Ingår i: Pedobiologia. - : Elsevier. - 0031-4056 .- 1873-1511. ; 67, s. 57-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change is affecting the species composition and functioning of Arctic and sub-Arctic plant and soil communities. Here we studied patterns in soil microarthropod (springtails and mites) communities across a gradient of increasing elevation that spanned 450 m, across which mean temperature declined by approximately 2.5 degrees C, in sub-Arctic Sweden. Across this gradient we characterized microarthropod communities in each of two types of vegetation, i.e., heath and meadow, to determine whether their responses to declining temperature differed with vegetation type. Mite abundance declined with increasing elevation, while springtail abundance showed the opposite response. Springtail communities were dominated by larger species at higher elevation. Mite abundance was unaffected by vegetation type, while springtail abundance was 53% higher in the heath than meadow vegetation across the gradient. Springtails but not mites responded differently to elevation in heath and meadow vegetation; hemi-edaphic species dominated in the heath at higher elevation while epiedaphic species dominated in the meadow. Our results suggest that sub-Arctic mite and springtail communities will likely respond in contrasting ways to changes in vegetation and soil properties resulting from climate warming.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Czernekova, Michaela, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of extraction methods for quantitative analysis of tardigrade populations in soil and leaf litter
- 2018
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Ingår i: Pedobiologia. - : Elsevier. - 0031-4056 .- 1873-1511. ; 70, s. 1-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accurate quantitative analysis of soil tardigrades depends on a relevant extraction method. Over the years, a number of different methods have been used, but the efficiency of these methods has rarely been evaluated for soil and leaf litter tardigrades. Four methods of extraction were compared in this study: the light-cooling (L-C) extractor, the high-gradient (H-G), Baermann extractor, the non-gradient (N-G) Baermann extractor and sieves.The results indicate that light and temperature are significant factors influencing tardigrade extraction. The L-C and H-G extractors were more effective than sieves for all substrate categories. These extraction methods (L-C and H-G) therefore seem to be appropriate for quantitative studies of soil and leaf litter tardigrades.
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| 8. |
- Czernekova, Michaela, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of extraction methods for quantitative analysis of tardigrade populations in soil and leaf litter
- 2018
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Ingår i: Pedobiologia. - : Urban und Fischer Verlag Jena. - 0031-4056 .- 1873-1511. ; 70, s. 1-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accurate quantitative analysis of soil tardigrades depends on a relevant extraction method. Over the years, a number of different methods have been used, but the efficiency of these methods has rarely been evaluated for soil and leaf litter tardigrades. Four methods of extraction were compared in this study: the light-cooling (L-C) extractor, the high-gradient (H-G), Baermann extractor, the non-gradient (N-G) Baermann extractor and sieves.The results indicate that light and temperature are significant factors influencing tardigrade extraction. The L-C and H-G extractors were more effective than sieves for all substrate categories. These extraction methods (L-C and H-G) therefore seem to be appropriate for quantitative studies of soil and leaf litter tardigrades.
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| 9. |
- De Long, Jonathan, et al.
(författare)
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Nematode community resistant to deep soil frost in boreal forest soils
- 2016
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Ingår i: Pedobiologia. - : Elsevier BV. - 0031-4056 .- 1873-1511. ; 59:5-6, s. 243-251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As global climate change advances, shifts in winter precipitation are becoming more common in high latitude ecosystems, resulting in less insulating snow cover and deeper soil frost. Long-term alterations to soil frost can impact on ecosystem processes such as decomposition, microbial activity and vegetation dynamics. In this study we utilized the longest running, well-characterized soil frost manipulation experiment in a boreal forest. We measured nematode family composition and feeding group abundances at four different soil layer depths from plots that had been subjected to deep soil frost for one and 11 years. The overall abundance of nematodes and the different feeding groups were unaffected by deep soil frost. However, a higher Maturity Index was weakly associated with deep soil frost (indicative of lower nutrient enrichment and more persister nematode (i.e., K-strategist) families), likely due to the loss of nutrients and reduced inputs from inhibited decomposition. Multivariate and regression analyses showed that most nematode families were weakly associated with dominant understory plant species and strongly associated with soil organic matter (SOM). This is probably the result of higher resource availability in the control plots, which is favorable to the nematode community. These results indicate that the nematode community was more strongly driven by the long-term indirect effects of deep soil frost on SOM as opposed to the direct effects. Our findings highlight that the indirect effects of altered winter precipitation and soil frost patterns may be more important than direct winter climate effects. Further, such indirect effects on SOM and the plant community that may affect the nematode community can only be seen in long-term experiments. Finally, given the critical role nematodes play in soil food webs and carbon and nutrient cycling, our results demonstrate the necessity of considering the response of nematodes to global climate change in boreal forest soils.
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| 10. |
- De Smedt, Pallieter, et al.
(författare)
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Forest edges reduce slug (but not snail) activity-density across Western Europe
- 2019
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Ingår i: Pedobiologia. - : Elsevier BV. - 0031-4056 .- 1873-1511. ; 75, s. 34-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fragmentation strongly shapes the distribution of organisms within forest patches through contrasting environmental conditions between the edge and interior habitat. Edge-to-interior distribution patterns are, however, poorly studied for litter- and soil-dwelling fauna, such as terrestrial gastropods, despite their high densities and significant impact on ecosystem processes, as both herbivores and detritivores. Therefore, we investigated edge-to-interior abundance patterns of terrestrial gastropods in 224 fragmented forest patches across Western Europe. Catching over 15,000 gastropods, we found that slug abundance is reduced in forest edges, while snail abundance shows no response on the edge effect. We hypothesize that these patterns could be explained by higher drought tolerance of snails, since forest edges have reduced air and soil humidity and elevated temperatures compared to forest interiors. Reduced slug abundance in forest edges potentially has ecological consequences for herbivory in and outside forest patches and nutrient cycling.
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