| 1. |
- Aitomäki, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
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Vacuum infusion of cellulose nanofibre network composites : Influence of porosity on permeability and impregnation
- 2016
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Ingår i: Materials & design. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-1275 .- 1873-4197. ; 95, s. 204-211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Addressing issues around the processing of cellulose nanofibres (CNF) composites is important in establishing their use as sustainable, renewable polymer reinforcements. Here, CNF networks of different porosity were made with the aim of increasing their permeability and suitability for processing by vacuum infusion (VI). The CNF networks were infused with epoxy using two different strategies. The permeability, morphology and mechanical properties of the dry networks and the resulting nanocomposites were investigated. Calculated fill-times for CNF networks with 50% porosity were the shortest, but are only less than the gel-time of the epoxy if capillary effects are included. In experiments the CNF networks were clearly wetted. However low transparency indicated that impregnation was incomplete. The modulus and strength of the dry CNF networks increased rapidly with decreasing porosity, but their nanocomposites did not follow this trend, showing instead similar mechanical properties to each other. The results demonstrated that increasing the porosity of the CNF networks to ≈ 50% gives better impregnation resulting in a lower ultimate strength, a higher yield strength and no loss in modulus. Better use of the flow channels in the inherently layered CNF networks could potentially reduce void content in these nanocomposites and thus increase their mechanical properties.
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| 2. |
- Alam, Md. Minhaj, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of the stress raising action of flaws in laser clad deposits
- 2013
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Ingår i: Materials and Design. - : Elsevier BV. - 0261-3069 .- 0264-1275 .- 1873-4197. ; 46, s. 328-337
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fatigue cracking of laser clad cylindrical and square section bars depends upon a variety of factors. This paper presents Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of the different macro stress fields generated as well as stress raisers created by laser cladding defects for four different fatigue load conditions. As important as the defect types are their locations and orientations, categorized into zero-, one- and two-dimensional defects. Pores and inclusions become critical close to surfaces. The performance of as-clad surfaces can be governed by the sharpness of surface notches and planar defects like hot cracks or lack-of-fusion (LOF) are most critical if oriented vertically, transverse to the bar axis. The combination of the macro stress field with the defect type and its position and orientation determines whether it is the most critical stress raiser. Based on calculated cases, quantitative and qualitative charts were developed as guidelines to visualize the trends of different combinations.
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| 3. |
- Alam, Md. Minhaj, et al.
(författare)
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Generalising fatigue stress analysis of different laser weld geometries
- 2011
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Ingår i: Materials & design. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-1275 .- 1873-4197 .- 0261-3069. ; 32:4, s. 1814-1823
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two-dimensional elastic-plastic finite element analyses was carried out on a laser welded box beam in order to study the impact of the geometrical aspects of the joint type and weld root on the fatigue stress behaviour. Different experimental and hypothetical weld geometries were studied. Characteristic root shapes, measured by the plastic replica method, and critical geometrical aspects were classified and then studied by FE-analysis with respect to their impact on the maximum stress. The simulation of hypothetical transition geometries facilitated the identification of trends and the explanation of part of the phenomena. However, quantitative geometry criteria were only partially suitable to describe the relations. The results have shown that the combination of throat depth, local surface radius and its opening angle determines the peak stress value and its location. Beside extended throat depths, particularly larger toe radii and the avoidance of small opening angles and of surface ripples reduces the peak stress. The explanations were developed in a generalising manner, accompanied by illustrative and flow chart description.
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| 4. |
- Alimadadi, Hossein, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Corrosion properties of electrodeposited nanocrystalline and amorphous patterned Ni-W alloy
- 2009
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Ingår i: MATERIALS & DESIGN. - : Elsevier BV. - 0261-3069 .- 0264-1275 .- 1873-4197. ; 30:4, s. 1356-1361
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nickel-tungsten with satisfactory corrosion properties is a promising alloy to replace hard chromium. Relatively high adhesion between copper substrate and electrodeposited Ni-W alloy results in patterned morphology due to crack formation. In this work, corrosion resistance of patterned Ni-W alloys comprising 0-26 at.%.W were studied by potentiodynamic polarization and EIS in a medium containing Cl-. It is shown that corrosion resistance of single phase Ni-W is superior to amorphous and dual phase coated layers. It is also found that crack density is the dominant affecting factor on corrosion resistance of amorphous Ni-W alloys.
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| 5. |
- Andres, Britta, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Cellulose binders for electric double-layer capacitor electrodes : The influence of cellulose quality on electrical properties
- 2018
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Ingår i: Materials & design. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-1275 .- 1873-4197. ; 141, s. 342-349
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cellulose derivatives are widely used as binders and dispersing agents in different applications. Binders composed of cellulose are an environmentally friendly alternative to oil-based polymer binding agents. Previously, we reported the use of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) as binders in electrodes for electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs). In addition to good mechanical stability, we demonstrated that CNFs enhanced the electrical performance of the electrodes. However, cellulose fibers can cover a broad range of length scales, and the quality requirements from an electrode perspective have not been thoroughly investigated. To evaluate the influence of fiber quality on electrode properties, we tested seven samples with different fiber dimensions that are based on the same kraft pulp. To capture the length scale from fibers to nanofibrils, we evaluated the performance of the untreated kraft pulp, refined fibers, microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) and CNFs. Electrodes with kraft pulp or refined fibers showed the lowest electrical resistivity. The specific capacitances of all EDLCs were surprisingly similar, but slightly lower for the EDLC with CNFs. The same electrode sample with CNFs also showed a slightly higher equivalent series resistance (ESR), compared to those of the other EDLCs. Graphite dispersions with MFC showed the best dispersion stability.
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| 6. |
- Asnafi, Nader, 1960-
(författare)
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Springback and fracture in v-die air bending of thick stainless steel sheets
- 2000
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Ingår i: Materials & design. - : Elsevier. - 0264-1275 .- 1873-4197. ; 21:3, s. 217-236
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this investigation, the attention is focused on the springback and fracture of thick stainless steel sheets. Nine different stainless grades and various thickness are tested. The thinnest sheet is 7.9 mm, whilst the thickest sheet is 31.3 mm. A consistent analytical model is constructed for prediction of the springback, the inner sheet radius prior to and after unloading, and the smallest die width. The springback calculated by this analytical model is in all cases smaller than that found experimentally. The correspondence between theory and practice, is however, very good, although the shift in the position of the neutral axis and thinning are neglected in the theoretical analysis. Fracture did not occur in any of the conducted bending operations. It is commonly assumed that fracture in v-die bending is related to the reduction in the cross-section area at fracture, Z, in tensile testing. Z was greater than 70% for the majority of the studied materials. It is shown that particularly the mode of fracture (fracture through shear bands or by necking) should be studied in future investigations.
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| 7. |
- Balpande, A. R., et al.
(författare)
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Excellent specific strength-ductility synergy in novel complex concentrated alloy after suction casting
- 2024
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Ingår i: Materials and Design. - 1873-4197 .- 0264-1275. ; 242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lightweight alloys are known to improve the fuel efficiency of the structural components due to high strength-to-weight ratio, however, they lack formability at room temperature. This major limitation of poor formability is most of the time overcome by post-fabrication processing and treatments thereby increasing their cost exponentially. We present a novel Ti50V16Zr16Nb10Al5Mo3 (all in at. %) complex concentrated alloy (Ti-CCA) designed based on the combination of valence electron concentration theory and the high entropy approach. The optimal selection of constituent elements has led to a density of 5.63 gm/cc for Ti-CCA after suction casting (SC). SC Ti-CCA displayed exceptional room temperature strength (UTS ∼ 1.25 GPa) and ductility (ε ∼ 35 %) with a yield strength (YS) of ∼ 1.1 GPa (Specific YS = 191 MPa/gm/cc) without any post-processing treatments. The exceptional YS in Ti-CCA is attributed to hetero grain size microstructure, whereas enormous strength-ductility synergy is due to the concurrent occurrence of slip and deformation band formation in the early stages of deformation followed by prolonged necking event due to delayed void nucleation and growth. The proposed philosophy of Ti-CCA design overcomes the conventional notion of strength-ductility trade-off in such alloy systems by retaining their inherent characteristics.
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| 8. |
- Belov, Ilja, et al.
(författare)
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Finite element modeling of silver electrodeposition for evaluation of thickness distribution on complex geometries
- 2016
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Ingår i: Materials & design. - : Elsevier. - 0264-1275 .- 1873-4197. ; 90, s. 693-703
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper reveals benefits of multi-disciplinary computer simulation and parametric studies in the design of silver plating process for improved coating distribution. A finite element model of direct current silver plating is experimentally validated for an Assaf panel without agitation. The model combines tertiary current distribution with Butler-Volmer electrode kinetics and computational fluid dynamics at a very low flow-rate. The effect of charge transfer coefficients on the throwing power of the process is quantified for the studied geometry, and variation of cathodic current density and exchange current density is investigated. A simpler model based on secondary current distribution is employed to quantify the effect of electrolyte conductivity on the throwing power of the process. A model combining tertiary current distribution and computational fluid dynamics has been developed and experimentally validated for simulation of complex telecom component electroplating in agitated electrolyte. The effect of current density on the process throwing power is quantified. Recommendations regarding modeling methodology and the effect of electrochemical and process parameters on the thickness distribution have been developed.
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| 9. |
- Bhattacharjee, Rahul, et al.
(författare)
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Synergy of nanocarriers with CRISPR-Cas9 in an emerging technology platform for biomedical appliances : Current insights and perspectives
- 2022
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Ingår i: Materials & design. - : Elsevier. - 0264-1275 .- 1873-4197. ; 224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic editing technologies have emerged as a potential therapeutic tool in various biomedical fields owing to their applications against cancer, neurological diseases, diabetes, autoimmune disorder, muscu-lar dystrophy, bacterial infections (AMR), and cardiovascular diseases. CRISPR is one such valuable genetic editing tool with extensive therapeutic appliances but with a major challenge in terms of deliv-ery. Herein, we have strived to exploit a synergy of nanocarriers and CRISPR against the aforementioned diseases for their medical applications and explicated their clinical significance including the enhanced delivery via endosomal escape and environmental factors such as light, pH, and stimuli. In addition to highlighting the delivery strategies of nano-carriers for CRISPR and their characterization, we have expounded on the reliant factor of the CRISPR-Cas Complex.
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| 10. |
- Björklund, Stefan, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Function-dependent coating architectures by hybrid powder-suspension plasma spraying : Injector design, processing and concept validation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Materials & design. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-1275 .- 1873-4197. ; 142, s. 56-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The attractive properties achieved by Suspension Plasma Spraying (SPS), combined with the availability of high throughput capable plasma spray systems that permit axial feeding, provide encouragement to explore use of suspensions for next generation functional applications. This paper deals with realization of coatings with various pre-determined function-dependent architectures by employing a hybrid powder-suspension feedstock. Some illustrative application-relevant coating architecture designs are discussed, along with the specific benefits that can accrue by deploying a multi-scale powder-suspension feedstock combination. An elegant feedstock delivery arrangement to enable either simultaneous or sequential feeding of powders and suspensions to enable convenient processing of coatings with desired architectures is presented. As proof-of-concept, deposition of layered, composite and functionally graded coatings using the above system is also demonstrated using appropriate case studies
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