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  • Chung, A, et al. (författare)
  • The utility of ADCC responses in HIV infection
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Current HIV research. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1873-4251 .- 1570-162X. ; 6:6, s. 515-519
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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  • Harandi, Ali M, 1968, et al. (författare)
  • Mucosal adjuvants.
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Current HIV research. - 1873-4251. ; 8:4, s. 330-5
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The vast majority of pathogens invade the body through or establish infections in the mucosal tissues. Development of vaccines to combat mucosal infections represents a top priority. Mucosal immunization has recently attracted much interest as a means of generating protective immunity against mucosal pathogens. Conversely, only very few mucosal vaccines are presently approved for human use. The development of a broad range of mucosal vaccines will necessitate the development of safe and effective mucosal adjuvants and delivery systems. Over the past decade, a number of immunomodulatory agents, including toxin based adjuvants, Toll like receptor (TLR) mimetics and non TLR-targeting immunostimulators as well as delivery systems have shown promise for mucosal administration in experimental animals. However, their possible use in humans remains to be established. This paper attempts to provide a brief overview of the mucosal immunization and adjuvants with an emphasis on mucosal adjuvants in or close to clinic.
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  • Nowroozalizadeh, Salma, et al. (författare)
  • Suppression of HIV replication in vitro by CpG and CpG conjugated to the non toxic B subunit of cholera toxin.
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Current HIV research. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1873-4251 .- 1570-162X. ; 6:3, s. 230-8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Administration of oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing CpG motifs generates a rapid and potent response of CC-chemokines, known as ligands of the HIV-1 co-receptor CCR5, in the murine female genital tract. The present study explored the potential HIV inhibitory activities of different human CpG prototypes either alone or conjugated to the non-toxic subunit of cholera toxin (CTB). Results showed that in vitro replication of both HIV-1 and HIV-2 can be suppressed by different human CpG prototypes. Importantly, the conjugation of CpG ODN to CTB (CTB-CpG) enhanced the antiviral activity of CpG against primary HIV-1 isolates of both R5 and X4 phenotypes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) as well as U87.CD4 co-receptor indicator cells. CTB-CpGs triggered higher amounts of MIP-1alpha, and MIP-1beta in PBMC than the corresponding CpG ODNs, which may explain the superior antiviral effect of CTB-CpG against R5 virus in PBMC. Incubation of PBMC with CpG ODN and CTB-CpG did not alter surface expression of HIV-1 receptors indicating that the observed anti-HIV-1 effect is not mediated through down regulation of HIV-1 receptors on target cells. Further, the enhanced antiviral effect of CTB-CpG was dependent on the presence of phosphorothioate backbone in the ODN, whereas the presence of CpG motif in ODNs was dispensable. These results have implications for the development of novel intervention strategies to prevent HIV infection.
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