| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Jacobs, Anna, Ph. D., et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of water-soluble hemicelluloses from spruce and aspen employing SEC/MALDI mass spectroscopy
- 2002
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Ingår i: Carbohydrate Research. - 1873-426X .- 0008-6215. ; 337:8, s. 711-717
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Partly depolymerized hemicelluloses isolated from wood chips of spruce and aspen employing microwave treatment were resolved using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) into oligo- and polysaccharide fractions containing components with a narrow range of sizes, as determined by MALDI mass spectroscopy. The degree of substitution with acetyl moieties (DS) was also calculated on the basis of the MALDI-MS spectra obtained prior to and following deacetylation. For spruce hemicelluloses, the low molecular mass fraction contained small arabino-4-O-methylglucuronoxylan oligosaccharides, with DP values ranging from 4 to ~20, separated primarily on the basis of their charge density. The fraction eluted last consisted of an O-acetyl-(galacto)glucomannan polysaccharide of peak-average DP value (DPp) 14. The degree of substitution with acetyl groups (DS) decreased with decreasing DP, a value DS of 0.39 being obtained for the fraction with DPp 12. For the aspen hemicelluloses, the SEC fractions eluted first contained an acidic O-acetyl-4-O-methylglucuronoxylan polysaccharide with DP ranging from 10 to ~28 and an average DS of ~0.75. The fractions eluted last consisted of oligosaccharide mixtures composed primarily of small neutral O-acetyl-xylooligosaccharides (DPp 6, DS 0.41), together with minor quantities of an O-acetyl-glucomannan.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Kihlberg, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Synthetic receptor analogues: preparation and calculated conformations of the 2-deoxy, 6-O-methyl, 6-deoxy, and 6-deoxy-6-fluoro derivatives of methyl 4-O-α-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (methyl β-D-galabioside)
- 1988
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Ingår i: Carbohydrate Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-426X .- 0008-6215. ; 176:2, s. 271-286
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 2-deoxy (7), 6-O-methyl (15), 6-deoxy (22), and 6-deoxy-6-fluoro (31) derivatives of methyl β-d-galabioside (1) have been synthesised. Thus, 7 was prepared by xanthate reduction using tributyltin hydride, whereas 22 was obtained by catalytic hydrogenation of a 6-deoxy-6-iodogalabioside. Regioselective mono-fluorination of methyl 2,3-di-O-benzoyl-β-d-galactopyranoside with Et2NSF3 and subsequent α-d-galactosylation provided 31. Molecular mechanics calculations yielded similar conformations for 1, 7, 15, 22, and 31 with differes in φH and ψH of 5°. No indications of intramolecular hydrogen bonds, as displayed by 1 in the crystal, were found for 7, 15, 22, or 31.
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| 5. |
- Micova, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Characterisation and X-ray crystallography of products from the Bucherer-Bergs reaction of methyl 2,3-O-isopropylidene-α-D-lyxo-pentodialdo-1,4-furanoside
- 2003
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Ingår i: Carbohydrate Research. - 0008-6215 .- 1873-426X. ; 338:19, s. 1917-1924
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Methyl 2,3-O-isopropylidene-α-D-mannofuranosidurononitrile [alternative name: methyl (5R)-5-C-cyano-2,3-O-isopropylidene-α-D-lyxofuranoside] (2), methyl 2,3-O-isopropylidene-α-D-mannofuranosiduronamide [methyl (5S)-5-C-carbamoyl-2,3-O-isopropylidene-α-D-lyxofuranoside; methyl (5S)-2,3-O-isopropylidene-α-D-lyxo-hexofuranosiduronamide] (3), methyl 2,3-O-isopropylidene-α-D-mannofuranosiduronic acid [methyl (5S)-2,3-O-isopropylidene-α-D-lyxo-hexofuranosiduronic acid] (4), methyl 5-deoxy-2,3-O-isopropylidene-5-ureido-β-L-gulofuranosiduronamide [methyl (5R)-5-deoxy-2,3-O-isopropylidene-5-ureido-α-D-lyxo-hexofuranosiduronamide (5), and (4S,5S,6R)-5,6-dihydro-6-hydroxy-4,5-isopropylidenedioxy-4H-pyrido[2,1-e]imidazolidine-2',4'-dione [IUPAC name: (3aS,4R,8aS)-4-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3a,8a-dihydro-4H-1,3-dioxa-4a,6-diaza-s-indacene-5,7-dione] (6), instead of the expected hydantoin derivative, were obtained from the Bucherer-Bergs reaction of methyl 2,3-O-isopropylidene-α-D-lyxo-pentodialdo-1,4-furanoside (1). The structure of 6 was deduced from NMR and mass spectral data and confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The configuration at C-5 in 2-5 was confirmed by establishing the 5S configuration of 3 by X-ray crystallography. Conformations of the six- and five-membered rings in 3 and 6 are also discussed.
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| 6. |
- Sabharwal, Hemant, et al.
(författare)
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Oligosaccharides from faeces of a blood-group B, breast-fed infant
- 1988
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Ingår i: Carbohydrate Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-426X .- 0008-6215. ; 178:1, s. 145-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eight oligosaccharides have been isolated from faeces of a blood group B, secretor, breast-fed infant and characterized by sugar and methylation analysis, f.a.b. mass spectrometry and 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy. One of these oligosaccharides has not previously been reported and is a tri-L-fucosyl derivative of lacto-N-hexaose. The other compounds were identical to oligosaccharides found in human milk. Several of the reported compounds require the secretor dependent 2'-fucosyltransferase for their biosynthesis. Since the mother of this child was an O(H) non-secretor, an intestinal biosynthesis of at least some of these compounds is strongly indicated. No blood group B active oligosaccharides were detected which is in sharp contrast to the oligosaccharide excretion in faeces from a blood group A infant [Sabharwal et al., Mol. Immunol., 21 (1984) 1105-1112] in which all the major oligosaccharides isolated were blood group A active.
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| 7. |
- Steiner, Bohumil, et al.
(författare)
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Some non-anomerically C-C-linked carbohydrate amino acids related to leucine - synthesis and structure determination
- 2003
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Ingår i: Carbohydrate Research. - 0008-6215 .- 1873-426X. ; 338:13, s. 1349-1357
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- (5'R)-5'-Isobutyl-5'-[methyl (4R)-2,3-O-isopropylidene-β-L-erythrofuranosid-4-C-yl]-imidazolidin-2',4'-dione was synthesised starting from methyl 2,3-O-isopropylidene-α-D-lyxo-pentodialdo-1,4-furanoside via methyl 6-deoxy-6-isopropyl-2,3-O-isopropylidene-α-D-lyxo-hexofuranosid-5-ulose applying the Bucherer-Bergs reaction. Its 5'-R configuration was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Corresponding α-amino acid-methyl (5R)-5-amino-5-C-carboxy-5,6-dideoxy-6-isopropyl-α-D-lyxo-hexofuranoside (alternative name: 2-[methyl (4R)-β-L-erythrofuranosid-4-C-yl]-D-leucine) was obtained from the above hydantoin by acid hydrolysis of the isopropylidene group followed by basic hydrolysis of the hydantoin ring. Analogous derivatives with 5S configuration, formed in a minority, were also isolated and characterised.
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| 8. |
- Bauer, S H J, et al.
(författare)
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A rapid and sensitive procedure for determination of 5-N-acetyl neuraminic acid in lipopolysaccharides of Haemophilus influenzae : a survey of 24 non-typeable H-influenzae strains
- 2001
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Ingår i: Carbohydrate Research. - 0008-6215 .- 1873-426X. ; 335:4, s. 251-260
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In view of the importance of 5-N-acetyl neuraminic acid in bacterial pathogenesis, a sensitive, reproducible and reliable method for the determination of 5-N-acetyl neuraminic acid levels in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is described and applied to 24 different non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) strains. The method involves analysis by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) of terminal 5-N-acetyl neuraminic acid residues released by neuraminidase treatment of O-deacylated LPS. The procedure is relatively fast and the instrumental effort is moderate. The results of the procedure were compared with data obtained by H-1 NMR and electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The analysis of LPS from 24 NTHi strains showed that 5-N-acetyl neuraminic acid was found to be a common constituent of LPS in NTHi. Only one strain (NTHi 432) did not show any sialylation. Molar ratios (LPS /5-N-acetyl neuraminic acid) ranged between 5/1 and 500/1. Several strains in which no 5-N-acetyl neuraminic acid could be determined by other methods including 1H NMR and ESI-MS were shown to contain 5-N-acetyl neuraminic acid by this HPAEC-PAD procedure. The method was applied to determine levels of terminal 5-N-acetyl neuraminic acid in LPS from NTHi strains grown under different conditions and mutant strains containing inactive LPS biosynthetic genes.
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| 9. |
- Bennett, Neil A., et al.
(författare)
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Biochemical and catalytic properties of an endoxylanase purified from the culture filtrate of Thermomyces lanuginosus ATCC 46882
- 1998
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Ingår i: Carbohydrate Research. - 0008-6215 .- 1873-426X. ; 306:3, s. 445-455
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An endoxylanase (1,4-beta-D-xylan xylanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.8) from the culture filtrates of T. lanuginosus ATCC 46882 was purified to homogeneity by DEAE-Sepharose and Bio-Gel P-30 column chromatographies. The purified endoxylanase had a specific activity of 888.8 mumol min-1 mg-1 protein and accounted for approximately 30% of the total protein secreted by this fungus. The molecular mass of native (non-denatured) and denatured endoxylanase were 26.3 and 25.7 kD as, respectively. Endoxylanase had a pI of 3.7 and was optimally active between pH 6.0-6.5 and at 75 degrees C. The enzyme showed > 50% of its original activity between pH 5.5-9.0 and at 85 degrees C. The pH and temperature stability studies revealed that this endoxylanase was almost completely stable between pH 5.0-9.0 and up to 60 degrees C for 5 h and at pH 10.0 up to 55 degrees C for 5 h. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis showed that endoxylanase released mainly xylose (Xyl) and xylobiose (Xyl2) from beechwood 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronoxylan, O-acetyl-4-O-methyl-D-glucuronoxylan and rhodymenan (a beta-(1-->3)-beta(1-->4)-xylan). Also, the enzyme released an acidic xylo-oligosaccharide from 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronoxylan, and an isomeric xylotetraose and an isomeric xylopentaose from rhodymenan. The enzyme hydrolysed [1-3H]-xylo-oligosaccharides in an endofashion, but the hydrolysis of [1-3H]-xylotriose appeared to proceed via transglycosylation. since the xylobiose was the predominant product. Endoxylanase was not active on pNPX and pNPC at 40 and 100 mM for up to 6 h, but showed some activity toward pNPX at 100 mM after 20-24 h. The results suggested that the endoxylanase from T. lanuginosus belongs to family 11.
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| 10. |
- Borriss, R., et al.
(författare)
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Enzymatic synthesis of 4-methylumbelliferyl (1 -> 3)-beta-D-glucooligosaccharides - new substrates for beta-1,3-1,4-D-glucanase
- 2003
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Ingår i: Carbohydrate Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0008-6215 .- 1873-426X. ; 338:14, s. 1455-1467
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The transglycosylation reactions catalyzed by beta-1,3-D-glucanases (laminaranases) were used to synthesize a number of 4-methylumbelliferyl (MeUmb) (1 --> 3)-beta-D-gluco-oligosaccharides having the common structure [beta-D-Glcp-(1 --> 3)](n)-beta-D-Glcp-MeUmb, where n = 1-5. The beta-1,3-D-glucanases used were purified from the culture liquid of Oerskovia sp. and from a homogenate of the marine mollusc Spisula sachalinensis. Laminaran and curdlan were used as (1 --> 3)-beta-D-glucan donor substrates, while MeUmb-beta-D-glucoside (MeUmbGlcp) was employed as a transglycosylation acceptor. Modification of [beta-D-Glcp-(1 --> 3)](2)-beta-D-Glcp-MeUmb (MeUmbG(3)) gives 4,6-O-benzylidene-D-glucopyranosyl or 4,6-O-ethylidene-D-glucopyranosyl groups at the non-reducing end of artificial oligosaccharides. The structures of all oligosaccharides obtained were solved by H-1 and C-13 NMR spectroscopy and electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. The synthetic oligosaccharides were shown to be substrates for a beta-1,3-1,4-D-glucanase from Rhodothermus marinus, which releases MeUmb from beta-di- and beta-triglucosides and from acetal-protected beta-triglucosides. When acting upon substrates with d.p. > 3, the enzyme exhibits an endolytic activity, primarily cleaving off MeUrnbGlcP and MeUmbG(2).
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