| 1. |
- Ahlgren, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Radionuclide molecular imaging using affibody molecules
- 2010
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Ingår i: Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1389-2010 .- 1873-4316. ; 11:6, s. 581-589
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current way to increase efficacy of cancer therapy is the use of molecular recognition of aberrantly expressed gene products for selective treatment. However, only a fraction of the patients have tumors with a particular molecular target. Radionuclide imaging of molecular targets might help to stratify patient for cancer treatment. Affibody molecules are scaffold proteins, which can be selected for high affinity recognition of proteinaceous molecular targets. The capacity to re-fold under physiological conditions allows labeling of Affibody molecules in a broad range of pH and temperatures with preserved binding properties. Peptide synthesis or introduction of a unique cysteine enables site-specific labeling of Affibody molecules, resulting in uniform conjugates with well-defined pharmacological characteristics. The small size (7 kDa) of Affibody molecules provides rapid extravasation, rapid tumor penetration, and rapid clearance of unbound tracer from healthy organs and tissues. In combination with sub-nanomolar affinity, this results in high contrast in vivo imaging a few hours after injection. Excellent targeting has been demonstrated in pre-clinical studies with HER2-targeting Affibody molecules labeled with (99m)Tc and (111)In for single photon computed tomography (SPECT), and (18)F, (64)Cu, (124)I and (68)Ga for positron emission tomography (PET). Pilot clinical data confirm the high potential of Affibody molecules.
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| 2. |
- Biava, Pier M., et al.
(författare)
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Stem Cell Differentiation Stage Factors from Zebrafish Embryo : A Novel Strategy to Modulate the Fate of Normal and Pathological Human (Stem) Cells
- 2015
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Ingår i: Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1389-2010 .- 1873-4316. ; 16:9, s. 782-792
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In spite of the growing body of evidence on the biology of the Zebrafish embryo and stem cells, including the use of Stem Cell Differentiation Stage Factors (SCDSFs) taken from Zebrafish embryo to impact cancer cell dynamics, comparatively little is known about the possibility to use these factors to modulate the homeostasis of normal human stem cells or to modulate the behavior of cells involved in different pathological conditions. In the present review we recall in a synthetic way the most important researches about the use of SCDSFs in reprogramming cancer cells and in modulating the high speed of multiplication of keratinocytes which is characteristic of some pathological diseases like psoriasis. Moreover we add here the results about the capability of SCDSFs in modulating the homeostasis of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) isolated from a fat tissue obtained with a novel-non enzymatic method and device. In addition we report the data not yet published about a first protein analysis of the SCDSFs and about their role in a pathological condition like neurodegeneration.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Blom, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy in reduced detection volumes
- 2006
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Ingår i: Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1389-2010 .- 1873-4316. ; 7:1, s. 51-66
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy is a versatile technique applied to in vitro and in vivo investigations of biochemical processes Such as interactions, mobilities or densities with high specifity and sensitivity. The prerequisite of this dynamical fluorescence technique is to have, at a time, only few fluorescent molecules in the detection volume in order to generate significant fluorescence fluctuations. For Usual confocal fluorescence microscopy this amounts to a useful concentration in the nanomolar range. The concentration of many biomolecules in living cell or on cell membranes is, however, often quite high, usually in the micro- to the millimolar range. To allow fluctuation spectroscopy and track intracellular interaction or localization of single fluorescently labeled biomolecules ill Such crowded environments, development of detection volumes with nanoscale resolution is necessary. As diffraction prevents this in the case of light microscopy, new (non-invasive) optical concepts have been developed. In this mini-review article we present recent advancements, implemented to decrease the detection volume below that of normal fluorescence microscopy. Especially, their combination with fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy is emphasized.
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| 5. |
- Blom, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Parallel confocal detection of single biomolecules using diffractive optics and integrated detector units
- 2004
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Ingår i: Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1389-2010 .- 1873-4316 .- 0000-0000. ; 5:2, s. 231-241
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The past few years we have witnessed a tremendous surge of interest in so-called array-based miniaturised analytical systems due to their value as extremely powerful tools for high-throughput sequence analysis, drug discovery and development, and diagnostic tests in medicine (see articles in Issue 1). Terminologies that have been used to describe these array-based bioscience systems include (but are not limited to): DNA-chip, microarrays, microchip, biochip, DNA-microarrays and genome chip. Potential technological benefits of introducing these miniaturised analytical systems include improved accuracy, multiplexing, lower sample and reagent consumption, disposability, and decreased analysis times, just to mention a few examples. Among the many alternative principles of detection-analysis (e.g. chemiluminescence, electroluminescence and conductivity), fluo re scence-based techniques are widely used, examples being fluorescence resonance energy transfer, fluorescence quenching, fluorescence polarisation, time-resolved fluorescence, and fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy (see articles in Issue II). Time-dependent fluctuations of fluorescent biomolecules with different molecular properties, like molecular weight, translational and rotational diffusion time, colour and lifetime, potentially provide all the kinetic and thermodynamic information required in analysing complex interactions. In this mini-review article, we present recent extensions aimed to implement parallel laser excitation and parallel fluorescence detection that can lead to even further increase in throughput in miniaturised array-based analytical systems. We also report on developments and characterisations of multiplexing extension that allow multifocal laser excitation together with matched parallel fluorescence detection for parallel confocal dynamical fluorescence fluctuation studies at the single biomolecule level.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Del Corso, M., et al.
(författare)
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Current Knowledge and Perspectives for the Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) and Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Part 1: Periodontal and Dentoalveolar Surgery
- 2012
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Ingår i: Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1389-2010 .- 1873-4316. ; 13:7, s. 1207-1230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Platelet concentrates for surgical use are innovative tools of regenerative medicine, and were widely tested in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Unfortunately, the literature on the topic is contradictory and the published data are difficult to sort and interpret. In periodontology and dentoalveolar surgery, the literature is particularly dense about the use of the various forms of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) - Pure Platelet-Rich Plasma (P-PRP) or Leukocyte-and Platelet-Rich Plasma (L-PRP) - but still limited about Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) subfamilies. In this first article, we describe and discuss the current published knowledge about the use of PRP and PRF during tooth avulsion or extraction, mucogingival surgery, Guided Tissue Regeneration (GTR) or bone filling of periodontal intrabony defects, and regeneration of alveolar ridges using Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR), in a comprehensive way and in order to avoid the traps of a confusing literature and to highlight the underlying universal mechanisms of these products. Finally, we particularly insist on the perspectives in this field, through the description and illustration of the systematic use of L-PRF (Leukocyte-and Platelet-Rich Fibrin) clots and membranes during tooth avulsion, cyst exeresis or the treatment of gingival recessions by root coverage. The use of L-PRF also allowed to define new therapeutic principles: NTR (Natural Tissue Regeneration) for the treatment of periodontal intrabony lesions and Natural Bone Regeneration (NBR) for the reconstruction of the alveolar ridges. In periodontology, this field of research will soon find his golden age by the development of user-friendly platelet concentrate procedures, and the definition of new efficient concepts and clinical protocols.
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| 8. |
- Dohan Ehrenfest, David, et al.
(författare)
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Do the fibrin architecture and leukocyte content influence the growth factor release of platelet concentrates? An evidence-based answer comparing a pure platelet-rich plasma (P-PRP) gel and a leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF).
- 2012
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Ingår i: Current pharmaceutical biotechnology. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1873-4316 .- 1389-2010. ; 13:7, s. 1145-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Platelet concentrates for surgical use are tools of regenerative medicine designed for the local release of platelet growth factors into a surgical or wounded site, in order to stimulate tissue healing or regeneration. Leukocyte content and fibrin architecture are 2 key characteristics of all platelet concentrates and allow to classify these technologies in 4 families, but very little is known about the impact of these 2 parameters on the intrinsic biology of these products. In this demonstration, we highlight some outstanding differences in the growth factor and matrix protein release between 2 families of platelet concentrate: Pure Platelet-Rich Plasma (P-PRP, here the Anitua's PRGF - Preparation Rich in Growth Factors - technique) and Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Fibrin (L-PRF, here the Choukroun's method). These 2 families are the extreme opposites in terms of fibrin architecture and leukocyte content. The slow release of 3 key growth factors (Transforming Growth Factor β1 (TGFβ1), Platelet-Derived Growth Factor AB (PDGF-AB) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)) and matrix proteins (fibronectin, vitronectin and thrombospondin-1) from the L-PRF and P-PRP gel membranes in culture medium is described and discussed. During 7 days, the L-PRF membranes slowly release significantly larger amounts of all these molecules than the P-PRP gel membranes, and the 2 products display different release patterns. In both platelet concentrates, vitronectin is the sole molecule to be released almost completely after only 4 hours, suggesting that this molecule is not trapped in the fibrin matrix and not produced by the leukocytes. Moreover the P-PRP gel membranes completely dissolve in the culture medium after less than 5 days only, while the L-PRF membranes are still intact after 7 days. This simple demonstration shows that the polymerization and final architecture of the fibrin matrix considerably influence the strength and the growth factor trapping/release potential of the membrane. It also suggests that the leukocyte populations have a strong influence on the release of some growth factors, particularly TGFβ1. Finally, the various platelet concentrates present very different biological characteristics, and an accurate definition and characterization of the different families of product is a key issue for a better understanding and comparison of the reported clinical effects of these surgical adjuvants.
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| 9. |
- Eliasson, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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From data processing to multivariate validation : essential steps in extracting interpretable information from metabolomics data
- 2011
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Ingår i: Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. - : Bentham Science Publishers. - 1389-2010 .- 1873-4316. ; 12:7, s. 996-1004
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In metabolomics studies there is a clear increase of data. This indicates the necessity of both having a battery of suitable analysis methods and validation procedures able to handle large amounts of data. In this review, an overview of the metabolomics data processing pipeline is presented. A selection of recently developed and most cited data processing methods is discussed. In addition, commonly used chemometric and machine learning analysis methods as well as validation approaches are described.
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| 10. |
- Kuhn, Hans-Georg, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Bromodeoxyuridine and the detection of neurogenesis.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Current pharmaceutical biotechnology. - 1873-4316. ; 8:3, s. 127-31
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) is widely used for labeling dividing cells to determine their fate. In particular, the analysis of neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain has made significant progress through the use of this technique. However; when using BrdU for labeling, there are several issues to consider in order to minimalize possible cytotoxicity or false-positive labeling. This current review summarizes methodological and technical aspects of BrdU administration and detection, compares alternative methods and gives recommendations on how to avoid labeling artifacts.
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