| 1. |
- Johansson, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Tracking linguistic primitives : The phonosemantic realization of fundamental oppositional pairs
- 2017
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Ingår i: Dimensions of Iconicity. - Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 1873-5037. - 9789027265180 ; 15, s. 39-62
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates how cross-linguistic phoneme distributions of 56 fundamental oppositional concepts can reveal semantic relationships by looking into the linguistic forms of 75 genetically and areally distributed languages. Based on proposals of semantic primes (Goddard & Wierzbicka 2002), reduced Swadesh lists (Holman et al. 2008), presumed ultraconservative words (Pagel et al. 2013), attested basic antonyms (Paradis, Willners & Jones 2009) and sense perception words, semantic oppositional pairs were selected. Phonemes were divided according to: the frequency of vowels’ second formant and consonants’ energy accumulation, sonority, a combination of the aforementioned two, and general phonetic traits, e.g. voicing. Using a biplot, the phonological relatedness between the investigated concepts was illustrated graphically, and the phoneme distributions’ over- and underrepresentation from the average was calculated for each concept. Salient semantic groupings and relations based solely on phonological contrasts were found for most investigated concepts, including the semantic domains: Small, Intense Vision-Touch, Large, Organic, Horizontal-Vertical Distance, Deictic, Containment, Gender, Parent and Diurnal, and the sole concept old. The most notable relations found were: mother/i vs. father, a three-way deictic distinction and a dimensional tripartite oppositional relationship. Embodiment, oppositional thinking and evidence for more general concepts to precede complex concepts were proposed as explanations for the results.
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| 2. |
- Elleström, Lars, 1960-
(författare)
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Bridging the Gap Between Image and Metaphor Through Cross-Modal Iconicity : An Interdisciplinary Model
- 2017
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Ingår i: Dimensions of Iconicity. - Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 9789027243515 - 9789027265180 ; , s. 167-190
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our minds are capable of perceiving similarities not only within the same but also across different sensory areas and different cognitive domains. Iconicity is representation based on similarity, and cross-modal iconicity, which is an extremely widespread phenomenon, should be understood as iconicity that crosses the borders of different kinds of material, spatiotemporal, and sensorial modes, and, furthermore, the border between sensory structures and cognitive configurations. For instance, a visual entity may resemble and thus iconically represent something that is auditory or abstractly cognitive. The aim of this semiotic study, substantially based on empirical findings in psychological, cognitive, and neurological research, is to suggest a general theoretical framework for conceptualizing cross-modal iconicity and relating different kinds of mono-modal and cross-modal iconicity to each other. Its chief argument is that perception and conception of images and metaphors should be understood as the two extremes in a continuum of iconic representation where cross-modal iconicity bridges the apparent gap between mono-modal, sensory-based iconicity and cognitive iconicity. It offers an outline of material, spatiotemporal, and sensorial modes and their interrelations; a thorough account of cross-modal iconicity; a conceptual structure for charting degrees of similarity and iconicity with the aid of cross-modality; an array of examples illustrating the continuum of iconicity from image to metaphor; and a brief discussion of the notion of image schema as an explanatory factor for cross-modal iconicity.
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| 3. |
- Elleström, Lars, 1960-
(författare)
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Iconicity as Meaning Miming Meaning and Meaning Miming Form
- 2010
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Ingår i: Iconicity in Language and Literature. - Philadelphia och Amsterdam : John Benjamins. - 1873-5037. - 9789027243454 ; 9, s. 73-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Iconicity consists of mimetic relations between form and meaning. This article is based on the notion of ‘spatial thinking’ and it is argued that there is no form without meaning, and that all meaning has some sort of form. Two fundamental distinctions are used. The first is Charles Sanders Peirce’s well-known division into three types of iconicity: image, diagram, and metaphor, which is extended to include ‘weak’ and ‘strong diagrams’. The second is a distinction between ontologically different appearances of signs: visual material signs, auditory material signs, and complex cognitive signs. A two-dimensional model illustrating the relations between these two distinctions is presented. The model is based on the assumption that iconicity, to a certain extent, is gradable, and it shows that the field of iconicity includes many phenomena that are not generally seen as related, but that nevertheless can be systematically compared. It also shows, among other things, that the ‘metaphor’ and the ‘weak diagram’ are singled out by the capacity of miming across the borders both between the visual and the auditory, and between the material and the mental. The main argument of the article is that iconicity should be understood not only as “form miming meaning and form miming form”, but also as “meaning miming meaning and meaning miming form”.
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| 4. |
- Elleström, Lars, 1960-
(författare)
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Introduction : Instrumental and formal iconic signs
- 2013
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Ingår i: Iconicity in Language and Literature. - Amsterdam & Philadelphia : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 1873-5037. ; 12, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
- Elleström, Lars, 1960-
(författare)
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Spatiotemporal aspects of iconicity
- 2013
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Ingår i: Iconicity in Language and Literature. - Amsterdam & Philadelphia : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 1873-5037. ; 12, s. 95-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article is part of a larger research project that aims to identify a methodicalway of investigating iconicity in the immensely rich field of media, whichincludes art and other kinds of communication. The first part of the paperfocuses on the intimate connection between sensory perception and cognitionand sketches a basis for analyzing multimodal iconicity (which involves, forinstance, several sensory modes or several spatiotemporal modes). The secondpart scrutinizes Peirce’s notions of image, diagram, and metaphor and arguesthat these three types of iconicity should be seen as a continuum that rangesfrom sensorially ‘strong’ to ‘weak’ iconicity and from cognitively ‘simple’ to‘complex’ iconicity. The third part of the paper analyzes some examples ofmultimodal iconicity, with specific emphasis on spatiotemporal multimodality(for instance, spatial signs representing temporal objects, such as graphsrepresenting population growth); earlier semiotic research has not dealt with thissubject in a systematic way.
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| 6. |
- Lenninger, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction
- 2022
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Ingår i: Iconicity in Cognition and across Semiotic Systems. - Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 1873-5037. - 9789027257574 ; 18, s. 1-8
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Sonesson, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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The intricate dialectics of iconization and structuration
- 2022
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Ingår i: Iconicity in Cognition and across Semiotic Systems. - Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 1873-5037. - 9789027257574 ; 18, s. 11-26
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The distinction between primary and secondary iconic signs, which I first made with regard to pictures, has been applied by other scholars to language, gesture, and music. Taking stock of this process, it has become necessary to clarify the distinction, insisting on the fact that secondary iconicity is not conventionality, but a kind of iconicity which is in itself not sufficient to define a meaning, but needs to be supplemented by other means, such as a label or a system of oppositions. We have shown this to be the case earlier, when considering what Arnheim termed 'droodles', but we will see that it also applies to language and music.
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| 8. |
- Ralyté, Jolita, et al.
(författare)
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A knowledge-based approach to manage information systems interoperability
- 2008
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Ingår i: Information Systems. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0306-4379 .- 1873-6076. ; 33:7-8, s. 754-784
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interoperability is a key property of enterprise applications, which is hard to achieve due to the large number of interoperating components and semantic heterogeneity. The inherent complexity of interoperability problems implies that there exists no silver bullet to solve them. Rather, the knowledge about how to solve wicked interoperability problems is hidden in the application cases that expose those problems. The paper addresses the question of how to organise and use method knowledge to resolve interoperability problems. We propose the structure of a knowledge-based system that can deliver situation-specific solutions, called method chunks. Situational Method Engineering promotes modularisation and formalisation of method knowledge in the form of reusable method chunks, which can be combined to compose a situation-specific method. The method chunks are stored in a method chunk repository. In order to cater for management and retrieval, we introduce an Interoperability Classification Framework, which is used to classify and tag method chunks and to assess the project situation in which they are to be used. The classification framework incorporates technical as well as business and organisational aspects of interoperability. This is an important feature as interoperability problems typically are multifaceted spanning multiple aspects. We have applied the approach to analyse an industry case from the insurance sector to identify and classify a set of method chunks.
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