| 1. |
- Addisu Adamie, Birhanu
(author)
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Land property rights and household take-up of development programs: Evidence from land certification program in Ethiopia
- 2021
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In: World Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 0305-750X .- 1873-5991. ; 147
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Access to secure land plays a key role in the socio-economic development of agricultural households. Since 1998, large-scale land certification programs aimed at strengthening the land property rights of agricultural households in Ethiopia have been implemented across regions to varying degrees. Using a three-period, large-scale nationally representative panel dataset from Ethiopia, this paper investigates the importance of access to secure land property right in the form of land certification for household take-up of agricultural development interventions that aim to improve household agricultural productivity and sustainable land use at a community level. We studied the take-up of agricultural extension packages and participation in community level sustainable land and water management programs as outcome variables. To account for potential endogeneity in the allocation of certificates and other confounding factors, we applied different panel data methods including instrumental variable approach. We find that access to secure property rights have a positive and significant effect on household take-up agricultural development interventions: agricultural extension packages and sustainable land and water management interventions. Additionally, we find that land certificates significantly predict household adoption of chemical fertilizers. (c) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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| 2. |
- Ahlerup, Pelle, 1977, et al.
(author)
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Government Impartiality and Sustained Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa
- 2016
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In: World Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 0305-750X .- 1873-5991. ; 83:7, s. 54-69
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Many studies suggest that one of the main reasons for Africa’s dismal growth performance over most of the 20th century is its degree of ethnic fragmentation. Yet, there is still insufficient knowledge about whether ethnic diversity necessarily entails large economic costs, or whether the implications of diversity depend, inter alia, on the government’s approach toward the ethnic question. We note that economic growth tends to increase average incomes, but it also affects the income distribution. Then, if growth is accompanied by growing economic inequality, the perception of the impartiality of the government toward different ethnic groups is likely to be important for whether growth can be sustained, or whether sparks of growth will evaporate because of rising political divisions and internal conflicts. In this paper, we study whether the degree of ethnic impartiality in the government’s policies is related to the emergence of sustained growth in sub-Saharan Africa, irrespective of the actual content of the policies. We measure perceptions about the impartiality of the government with survey data from the Afrobarometer covering 20 countries starting in the late 1990 s. Our main definition of sustained growth is when there is a GDP per capita growth rate of at least 2% for at least five consecutive years. Our empirical results suggest that countries whose governments are perceived as impartial are more likely to experience sustained growth. We conclude that in order to ensure economic development, it is not only important to choose the ‘‘right” policies, but also to implement these policies in a fair manner.
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| 3. |
- Ahmed, Haseeb
(author)
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Mobile money and healthcare use: Evidence from East Africa
- 2021
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In: World Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 0305-750X .- 1873-5991. ; 141
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper uses a difference-in-difference framework to estimate the effects of mobile money transfer technology (MMT) on healthcare use in the face of negative health shocks. We use survey data from 2013 to 16 with quarterly observations on about 1800 households of 10 villages in the Kisumu region of Western Kenya. We find evidence that MMT, likely through greater ease of informal borrowing, helps households increase utilization of formal healthcare services in terms of visits to a clinic, consultation and medication expenditures in comparison with non-users of this technology. MMT appears to be complementary with other risk-sharing mechanisms such as farm sales and in-kind transfers. (c) 2021 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Alem, Yonas, 1974, et al.
(author)
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The persistence of subjective poverty in urban Ethiopia
- 2014
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In: World Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 0305-750X .- 1873-5991. ; 56:1, s. 51-61
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Using data spanning 15 years, we study subjective and consumption poverty in urban Ethiopia. Despite rapid economic growth and declining consumption poverty, subjective poverty remains largely unchanged. We find that households with a history of poverty continue to perceive themselves as poor even if their material consumption improves. The relative economic position of households is a strong determinant of subjective poverty. Having some type of employment makes households less likely to perceive themselves as poor, even if they remain in objective poverty. We argue that any analysis to measure the impact of growth on welfare should also encompass subjective measures.
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| 6. |
- Almås, Ingvild, et al.
(author)
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Rags and Riches : Relative Prices, Non-Homothetic Preferences, and Inequality in India
- 2017
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In: World Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 0305-750X .- 1873-5991. ; 97, s. 102-121
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is well known that consumption patterns change with income. Relative price changes would therefore affect rich and poor consumers differently. Yet, the standard price indices are not income-specific, and hence, they cannot account for such differences. In this paper, we study consumption inequality in India, while fully allowing for non-homotheticity. We show that the relative price changes during most of the period from 1993 to 2012 were pro-poor, in the sense that they favored the poor relative to the rich. As a result, we also find that conventional measures significantly overstate the rise in real consumption inequality during this period. The main lesson from our study is the importance of accounting for non-homotheticity when measuring inequality. The price index literature has, as of yet, paid relatively little attention to this. In our application, however, it turns out that the allowance for nonhomotheticity is quantitatively much more important than much discussed adjustments, such as those for substitution in consumption.
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| 7. |
- Andersson Djurfeldt, Agnes
(author)
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African re-agrarianization? Accumulation or pro-poor agricultural growth?
- 2012
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In: World Development. - 1873-5991. ; 41:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract in UndeterminedRecent signs of increasing agricultural production in a number of countries in sub-Saharan Africa are by some commentators connected to local level differentiation. This paper discusses such interpretations using household level longitudinal data from smallholder households in eight African countries for the period during 2002–2008. The use of a mixed methods social science approach complements traditional economic approaches through adding a spatial perspective. Pro-poor agricultural growth so far is concentrated to particular villages, where it is highly inclusive. The policy challenge remains to devise strategies that can enhance growth also in marginal areas.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Fredrik N G
(author)
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A blessing in disguise? Banking crises and institutional change.
- 2016
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In: World Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-5991 .- 0305-750X. ; 83, s. 135-147
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Weak economic growth is a contributing factor behind many banking crises. In this paper, we test whether banking crises cause long-term institutional change aimed at improving macroeconomic performance and thus indirectly reduce the risk of future crises. Our dataset consists of 22 developed and 34 developing countries covering the period from 1985 to 2009. The results show that banking crises cause institutional change if GDP growth is below potential growth during the crisis. Approximately 40% of the change in institutional quality during the considered period occurred after a banking crisis. These results hold for both developed and developing countries.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Fredrik N G, et al.
(author)
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A Matter of Time: Revisiting Growth Convergence in China
- 2013
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In: World Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-5991 .- 0305-750X. ; 45:May, s. 239-251
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- China’s unbalanced growth strategy has seemingly fostered growing inter-regional growth disparities and there is little evidence of wealth trickling down from richer provinces to poorer provinces. Standard convergence tests, however, may be ill specified to detect underlying long-term growth trends in small samples due to the pronounced and frequent inter-regional short-term fluctuations. Our paper suggests a novel approach to distinguish between these long-term growth trends and short-term fluctuations. Based on provincial data from 1978 to 2009, our results indicate that China’s provinces only diverge over the shortterm. Over the long term, provinces cluster into two converging growth clubs.
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