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| 2. |
- Azim, Eiman, et al.
(författare)
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Skilled forelimb movements and internal copy motor circuits
- 2015
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Neurobiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-4388 .- 1873-6882. ; 33, s. 16-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mammalian skilled forelimb movements are remarkable in their precision, a feature that emerges from the continuous adjustment of motor output. Here we discuss recent progress in bridging the gap between theory and neural implementation in understanding the basis of forelimb motor refinement. One influential theory is that feedback from internal copy motor pathways enables fast prediction, through a forward model of the limb, an idea supported by behavioral studies that have explored how forelimb movements are corrected online and can adapt to changing conditions. In parallel, neural substrates of forelimb internal copy pathways are coming into clearer focus, in part through the use of genetically tractable animal models to isolate spinal and cerebellar circuits and explore their contributions to movement.
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| 4. |
- Boije, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Origin and circuitry of spinal locomotor interneurons generating different speeds.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Neurobiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-4388 .- 1873-6882. ; 53, s. 16-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The spinal circuitry governing the undulatory movements of swimming vertebrates consist of excitatory and commissural inhibitory interneurons and motor neurons. This locomotor network generates the rhythmic output, coordinate left/right alternation, and permit communication across segments. Through evolution, more complex movement patterns have emerged, made possible by sub-specialization of neural populations within the spinal cord. Walking tetrapods use a similar basic circuitry, but have added layers of complexity for the coordination of intralimbic flexor and extensor muscles as well as interlimbic coordination between the body halves and fore/hindlimbs. Although the basics of these circuits are known there is a gap in our knowledge regarding how different speeds and gaits are coordinated. Analysing subpopulations among described neuronal populations may bring insight into how changes in locomotor output are orchestrated by a hard-wired network.
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| 5. |
- Boije, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Reconciling competence and transcriptional hierarchies with stochasticity in retinal lineages.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Neurobiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-4388 .- 1873-6882. ; 27, s. 68-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent advances suggest that there is a stochastic contribution to the proliferation and fate choice of retinal progenitors. How does this stochasticity fit with the progression of temporal competence and the transcriptional hierarchies that also influence cell division and cell fate in the developing retina? Where may stochasticity arise in the system and how do we make progress in this field when we may never fully explain the behavior of individual progenitor cells?
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| 6. |
- Cenci, M. Angela, et al.
(författare)
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Cells, pathways, and models in dyskinesia research
- 2024
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Neurobiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-4388 .- 1873-6882. ; 84
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) is the most common form of hyperkinetic movement disorder resulting from altered information processing in the cortico-basal ganglia network. We here review recent advances clarifying the altered interplay between striatal output pathways in this movement disorder. We also review studies revealing structural and synaptic changes to the striatal microcircuitry and altered cortico-striatal activity dynamics in LID. We furthermore highlight the recent progress made in understanding the involvement of cerebellar and brain stem nuclei. These recent developments illustrate that dyskinesia research continues to provide key insights into cellular and circuit-level plasticity within the cortico-basal ganglia network and its interconnected brain regions.
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| 7. |
- Cenci Nilsson, Angela, et al.
(författare)
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Advances in understanding l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Neurobiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-6882 .- 0959-4388. ; 17:6, s. 665-671
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The crucial role of dopamine (DA) in movement control is illustrated by the spectrum of motor disorders caused by either a deficiency or a hyperactivity of dopaminergic transmission in the basal ganglia. The degeneration of nigrostriatal DA neurons in Parkinson's disease causes poverty and slowness of movement. These symptoms are greatly improved by pharmacological DA replacement with l-3,4-dihydroxy-phenylalanine (l-DOPA), which however causes excessive involuntary movements in a majority of patients. l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (abnormal involuntary movements) provides a topic of investigation at the interface between clinical and basic neuroscience. In this article, we review recent studies in rodent models, which have uncovered two principal alterations at the basis of the movement disorder, namely, an abnormal pre-synaptic handling of exogenous l-DOPA, and a hyper-reactive post-synaptic response to DA. Dysregulated nigrostriatal DA transmission causes secondary alterations in a variety of non-dopaminergic transmitter systems, the manipulation of which modulates dyskinesia through mechanisms that are presently unclear. Further research on l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia will contribute to a deeper understanding of the functional interplay between neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in the motor circuits of the basal ganglia.
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