| 1. |
- Ahlskog, Rafael
(författare)
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Moral Enhancement Should Target Self-Interest and Cognitive Capacity
- 2017
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Ingår i: Neuroethics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1874-5490 .- 1874-5504. ; 10:3, s. 363-373
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current suggestions for capacities that should be targeted for moral enhancement has centered on traits like empathy, fairness or aggression. The literature, however, lacks a proper model for understanding the interplay and complexity of moral capacities, which limits the practicability of proposed interventions. In this paper, I integrate some existing knowledge on the nature of human moral behavior and present a formal model of prosocial motivation. The model provides two important results regarding the most friction-free route to moral enhancement. First, we should consider decreasing self-interested motivation rather than increasing prosociality directly. Second, this should be complemented with cognitive enhancement. These suggestions are tested against existing and emerging evidence on cognitive capacity, mindfulness meditation and the effects of psychedelic drugs and are found to have sufficient grounding for further theoretical and empirical exploration. Furthermore, moral effects of the latter two are hypothesized to result from a diminished sense of self with subsequent reductions in self-interest.
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| 2. |
- Dussauge, Isabelle, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Neuroscience and Sex/Gender
- 2012
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Ingår i: Neuroethics. - 1874-5490 .- 1874-5504. ; 5:3, s. 211-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Farisco, Michele, et al.
(författare)
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Clinicians’ attitudes towards patients with disorders of consciousness : a survey
- 2014
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Ingår i: Neuroethics. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 1874-5490 .- 1874-5504. ; 7:1, s. 93-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Notwithstanding fundamental methodological advancements, scientific information about disorders of consciousness (DOCs)—e.g. Vegetative State/Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome (VS/UWS) and Minimally Conscious State (MCS)—is incomplete. The possibility to discriminate between different levels of consciousness in DOC states entails treatment strategies and ethical concerns. Here we attempted to investigate Italian clinicians’ and basic scientists’ opinions regarding some issues emerging from the care and the research on patients with DOCs. From our survey emerged that Italian physicians working with patients with DOCs give a central role to ethics. Current Italian regulation regarding basic research conducted in patients with DOCs apparently risks to be inadequate to support scientific advancement, and would deserve a different assessment compared to ordinary treatments. We think the results of our survey deserve attention from an international audience because they exemplify the difficulty to define a shared approach to the issues related to patients with DOCs and the necessity to better assess both the ordinary and experimental treatment of patients with DOCs at the ethical and legal level.
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| 4. |
- Farisco, Michele, et al.
(författare)
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On the Contribution of Neuroethics to the Ethics and Regulation of Artificial Intelligence
- 2022
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Ingår i: Neuroethics. - : Springer Nature. - 1874-5490 .- 1874-5504. ; 15:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contemporary ethical analysis of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is growing rapidly. One of its most recognizable outcomes is the publication of a number of ethics guidelines that, intended to guide governmental policy, address issues raised by AI design, development, and implementation and generally present a set of recommendations. Here we propose two things: first, regarding content, since some of the applied issues raised by AI are related to fundamental questions about topics like intelligence, consciousness, and the ontological and ethical status of humans, among others, the treatment of these issues would benefit from interfacing with neuroethics that has been addressing those same issues in the context of brain research. Second, the identification and management of some of the practical ethical challenges raised by AI would be enriched by embracing the methodological resources used in neuroethics. In particular, we focus on the methodological distinction between conceptual and action-oriented neuroethical approaches. We argue that the normative (often principles-oriented) discussion about AI will benefit from further integration of conceptual analysis, including analysis of some operative assumptions, their meaning in different contexts, and their mutual relevance in order to avoid misplaced or disproportionate concerns and achieve a more realistic and useful approach to identifying and managing the emerging ethical issues.
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| 5. |
- Farisco, Michele, et al.
(författare)
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On the Stand : Another Episode of Neuroscience and Law Discussion From Italy
- 2014
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Ingår i: Neuroethics. - Springer : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1874-5490 .- 1874-5504. ; 7:2, s. 243-245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- After three proceedings in which neuro-science was a relevant factor for the final verdict inItalian courts, for the first time a recent case puts inquestion the legal relevance of neuroscientific evidence.This decision deserves international attention in itsunderlining that the uncertainty still affecting neuroscien-tific knowledge can have a significant impact on thelaw. It urges the consideration of such uncertainty andthe development of a shared management of it.
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| 6. |
- Farisco, Michele
(författare)
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The Ethical Pain : Detection of pain and suffering in patients with disorders of consciousness
- 2013
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Ingår i: Neuroethics. - : Springer Publishing Company. - 1874-5490 .- 1874-5504. ; 6:2, s. 265-276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The intriguing issue of pain and suffering in patients with disorders of consciousness (DOCs), particularly in Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome/Vegetative State (UWS/VS) and Minimally Conscious State (MCS), is assessed from a theoretical point of view, through an overview of recent neuroscientific literature, in order to sketch an ethical analysis. In conclusion, from a legal and ethical point of view, formal guidelines and a situationist ethics are proposed in order to best manage the critical scientific uncertainty about pain and suffering in DOCs and ensure the best possible care for the patient.
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| 7. |
- Farisco, Michele, et al.
(författare)
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The Impact of Neuroscience and Genetics on the Law: A Recent Italian Case
- 2012
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Ingår i: Neuroethics. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 1874-5490 .- 1874-5504. ; 5:3, s. 317-319
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of genetic testing and neuroscientific evidence in legal trials raises several issues. Often their interpretation is controversial: the same evidence can be used to sustain both the prosecution’s and defense’s argument. A recent Italian case confirms such concerns and stresses other relevant related questions.
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| 8. |
- Fröding, Barbro, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive Enhancement and the Principle of Need
- 2015
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Ingår i: Neuroethics. - : Springer. - 1874-5490 .- 1874-5504. ; 8:3, s. 231-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article we argue that (i) the principle of need, on some interpretations, could be used to justify the spending of publically funded health care resources on cognitive enhancement and (ii) that this also holds true for individuals whose cognitive capacities are considered normal. The increased, and to an extent, novel demands that the modern technology and information society places on the cognitive capacities of agents, e.g., regarding good and responsible decision-making, have blurred the line between treatment and enhancement. More specifically, it has shifted upwards. As a consequence, principles of need on their most reasonable interpretations can be used to support publically funded cognitive enhancement. At least this is so, if broader aims than curing and ameliorating diseases are included in the goals of health care. We suggest that it would be plausible to see health care as accepting such broader goals already today.
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| 9. |
- Fröding, Barbro
(författare)
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Cognitive Enhancement, Virtue Ethics and the Good Life
- 2011
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Ingår i: Neuroethics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1874-5490 .- 1874-5504. ; 4:3, s. 223-234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article explores the respective roles that medical and technological cognitive enhancements, on the one hand, and the moral and epistemic virtues traditionally understood, on the other, can play in enabling us to lead the good life. It will be shown that neither the virtues nor cognitive enhancements (of the kind we have access to today or in the foreseeable future) on their own are likely to enable most people to lead the good life. While the moral and epistemic virtues quite plausibly are both necessary and sufficient for the good life in theory, virtue ethics is often criticised for being elitist and unachievable in practice for the vast majority. Some cognitive enhancements, on the other hand, might be necessary for the good life but are far from sufficient for such an existence. Here it will be proposed that a combination of virtue and some cognitive enhancements is preferable.
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| 10. |
- Jebari, Karim A.
(författare)
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Brain Machine Interface and Human Enhancement - An Ethical Review
- 2013
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Ingår i: Neuroethics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1874-5490 .- 1874-5504. ; 6:3, s. 617-625
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Brain machine interface (BMI) technology makes direct communication between the brain and a machine possible by means of electrodes. This paper reviews the existing and emerging technologies in this field and offers a systematic inquiry into the relevant ethical problems that are likely to emerge in the following decades.
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