| 1. |
- Bergman, Astrid, et al.
(författare)
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Analytical traffic models for roundabouts with pedestrian crossings
- 2011
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Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0428 .- 1877-0428. ; 16, s. 697-708
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Roundabouts have become a more common type of intersection in Sweden over the last 30 years. In order to evaluate the roundabout level-of-service both analytical models and simulation models are being used. Analytical traffic models for intersections, such as the Swedish capacity model Capcal, has difficulties estimating the level-of-service of a roundabout if there are pedestrians and cyclists at crossings located close to the roundabout. It is well known that a crossing located after a roundabout exit can cause an up-stream blocking effect that affects the performance of the roundabout. But how the upstream blocking effect depends on the different flows of vehicles and pedestrians is not known. In this paper an existing analytical model by Rodegerdts and Blackwelder has been investigated and compared to simulations in VISSIM and measurements from Swedish roundabouts. The purpose of this investigation is to examine if the model by Rodegerdts and Blackwelder is suitable for implementing into existing analytical models such as Capcal. The results show that the model by Rodegerdts and Blackwelder can estimate if a capacity loss will occur, but the magnitude of this loss is more difficult to evaluate. The conclusion and recommendation is that the model by Rodegerdts and Blackwelder should be implemented into the Swedish capacity model Capcal. The model by Rodegerdts and Blackwelder is to be used as a warning system if the results in Capcal are too uncertain to use for analysis of the roundabout performance.
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| 2. |
- Olstam, Johan, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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A review of guidelines for applying traffic simulation to level-of-service analysis
- 2011
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Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier. - 1877-0428 .- 1877-0428. ; , s. 771-780
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microscopic traffic simulation is often used as an alternative or complementary tool to analytical methods and procedures for level-of-service analyses of road traffic facilities. The increased usage of traffic simulation for level-of-service analysis has raised a need for guidelines on how to apply and use traffic simulation models. Many countries have developed or are currently developing traffic simulation guidelines. This is also the case in Sweden, were the new Swedish highway capacity manual will include a chapter on traffic simulation. This paper presents a survey of the current traffic simulation guidelines in USA, Germany, UK, Denmark and Sweden. The guidelines have been analysed with respect to the aspects covered: when to apply simulation; the workflow of a simulation study; data collection needs; calibration and validation; experimental design; statistical analysis; and calculation of level-of-service measures. The guidelines analysed are focused on different aspects and none of them covers all of the topics listed above. Some of the guidelines are connected to specific simulation software packages and some are written in a more general manner. Most of the aspects covered are general and applicable in any country. The main reason for developing country specific guidelines is often a need for guidelines in the local language. Experimental design and statistical analysis are not treated extensively in the guidelines; neither do the guidelines discuss how to deal with calibration based on limited real world measurements. Calculation of level-of-service measures are quite extensively treated in some of the guidelines and to a little extent in others. All of the guidelines contain important contributions for the simulation chapter of the new Swedish highway capacity manual
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| 3. |
- Andershed, Henrik, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Initial test of the new risk-need assessment instrument for youths with or at risk for conduct problems : ESTER-assessment
- 2010
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Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0428. ; 5, s. 488-492
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ESTER-assessment is a new assessment instrument for youths (0-18 years), and includes 19 empirically-derived risk and protective factors for conduct problems. This study tests the inter-rater reliability of the five-point rating scale used to assess the 19 factors in ESTER-assessment on 30 institutionalized girls and their file information. Exact agreement between raters varied from 38 to 72 percent on the 19 individual factors, a result much better than chance. Intra-class correlations of the two independent raters on the majority of the 19 individual factors were fair to good. In conclusion, the results lend support to the inter-rater reliability of ESTER-assessment.
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| 4. |
- Andershed, Henrik, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Risk-need assessment for youth with or at risk for conduct problems : introducing the assessment system ESTER
- 2010
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Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0428. ; 5, s. 377-383
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper introduces ESTER, a research based and computerized risk-need assessment system for youths (0-18 years) with or at risk for conduct problems. The ESTER-system includes a screening tool/questionnaire (ESTER-screening) and a professional structured risk-need assessment instrument (ESTER-assessment). This article briefly presents the background and purpose of ESTER, and the risk and protective factors assessed. It also illustrates how the computerized system effectively helps in presenting results of single as well as repeated assessments, assisting the practitioner in tailoring suitable interventions.
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| 5. |
- Andrée, Maria, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Recruiting the Next Generation Scientists and Industrial Engineers : How Industrial Actors Engage in and Motivate Engagement in STEM Initiatives
- 2015
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Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0428 .- 1877-0428. ; 167, s. 75-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many different actors, including government, academy and industry, are engaged in school- and recruitment-STEM-initiatives. The aim is to shed light on industrial initiatives, what actors are involved and what different repertoires are being used when motivating engagement in STEM-initiatives. The data collected consists of web-materials where industrial actors describe their engagement in STEM-initiatives and provide reasons for their engagement. The method for analysis is discursive psychology. The results show that a variety of constellations of industrial actors are engaged in STEM-initiatives and that the initiatives draw on a variety of discursive resources. In our analysis we identify the following interpretative repertoires: 1) The securing competent labor repertoire, 2) The developing specific job skills or competences repertoire, 3) The bright future repertoire, and 4) The general increase interest in science repertoire. The results of this study may contribute to the self-reflection of industrial actors on how the choice of resources and repertoires may afford and constrain possibilities for breaking the cultural patterns of selection to STEM education.
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| 6. |
- Backlund, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Project Management Maturity Models – A Critical Review : A Case Study within Swedish Engineering and Construction Organizations
- 2014
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Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier. - 1877-0428 .- 1877-0428. ; 119, s. 837-846
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Different kinds of project management maturity models (PM3s) exist today, most of them inspired by the capability maturity model (CMM) developed in the beginning of the 90ies, originally intended to measure capability in software development projects. Research indicates that organizations with higher project management (PM) maturity levels are expected to be successful in terms of project effectiveness and efficiency, and thus have a competitive advantage in the marketplace. Though, despite several PM3s developed during a time period of over 20 years, knowledge about how PM3s are a*pplied in organizations is sparse within the PM literature. This paper explores how major engineering and construction companies view PM maturity and PM3s in order to develop and improve their PM practices. These kinds of organizations are mainly project-intensive, objective oriented,and have the capabilities to perform overall business development initiatives, i.e. suitable for applying PM3s.The contribution of PM3s to organizational improvement and development is somewhat unclear. Therefore, a literature review highlights different aspects regarding PM3s, specifically their purpose, strengths, and weaknesses. To what extent PM3s are used, interviews have been conducted with seven respondents within different project intensive organizations, in their roles as project managers or in charge of PM development. How a PM3 can beintroduced and applied is explored via an in-depth case study at the major mining company in Sweden, LKAB. However, tentative results show that the application of PM3s in Swedish engineering and construction organizations are limited, indicating that further research is needed
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Behrends, Sönke, 1976
(författare)
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The Significance of the Urban Context for the Sustainability Performance of Intermodal Road-rail Transport
- 2012
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Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0428. ; 54, s. 375-386
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to analyse the implications of the urban context for the sustainability performance of intermodal road-rail transport (IRRT). By calculating the external costs of a road transport and an intermodal alternative of consolidated cargo between a freight forwarder's consolidation terminals, the paper shows that the environmental benefits of a modal shift depend on the relative location of the intermodal terminal and shipper and receiver in the spatial structure. A careful integration of the intermodal terminal in the urban spatial structure is therefore a necessity if IRRT is to contribute to the sustainable development of the freight sector.
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| 9. |
- Behrends, Sönke, 1976
(författare)
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The urban context of intermodal road-rail transport - Threat or opportunity for modal shift?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proocedings of the 7th International Conference on City Logistics, 7-9 June 2011, Mallorca, Spain. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0428. ; 39, s. 463-475
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Until recently, research did not pay much attention to the implications for intermodal road-rail transport (IRRT) arising from its urban context, and urban freight and IRRT are still handled as separate policy concerns. This paper examines the relationship between urban transport and IRRT with the goal of identifying possible actions on a local level to improve both the competitiveness and environmental benefits of rail freight. Based on a literature review of the stakeholders’ perspectives on urban freight transport, a framework for sustainable urban freight transport is developed and applied on IRRT. The results show that the urban context is a threat for further growth of rail freight since an increasing transport demand faces capacity constraints in urban areas. Local authorities can play a key role in enabling the required public-private cooperation on a local and regional level by involving all stakeholders in the strategic land-use and transport planning processes.
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| 10. |
- Bein, Thilo, et al.
(författare)
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Integrated Solutions for Noise & Vibration Control in Vehicles
- 2012
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Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0428. ; 48, s. 919-931
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A strong issue on the development of new vehicles is the weight reduction, required for the reduction of the fuel consumption and the CO2 emissions. The current vehicles have already a structure optimised to have low weight without reducing the required performances. However, there are some components of the structure that can be further reduced in weight still matching the resistance, crash and fatigue performances, but giving a poor performance in terms of noise and vibrations and increasing both the structure-borne and air-borne sound transmission.In the European FP7 project Green City Car, flexible, integrated passive and active solutions are developed permitting noise and vibration attenuation in vehicles equipped with the next generation of highly fuel-efficient two- or three cylinder internal combustion engines (ICE). Among others, shunted piezoelectric patches and electro-magnetic actuation as well as smart Helmholtz resonators are considered. Additionally, dedicated active noise control systems for the control of broadband rolling noise are developed. Besides, Green City Car addresses and implements novel damping materials and acoustic treatments as well as design approaches for tyres which are an important acoustic source for exterior and interior noise. This holistic approach should lead to a reduction in noise and vibrations levels in the order of 10 dB(A) and more measurable in the city car provided (not on component level). Currently, Green City Car finished its second year and first results are presented and discussed in this paper.
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