| 1. |
- Gottfries, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Are Mit Students Rational : Report on A Survey
- 1987
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-2681 .- 1879-1751. ; 8:1, s. 113-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Lindh, Thomas
(författare)
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The inconsistency of consistent conjectures : Coming back to Cournot
- 1992
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. - 0167-2681 .- 1879-1751. ; 18:1, s. 69-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conjectural variation models have been criticized because firms are ‘right for the wrong reasons’, and because possible equilibria are abundant Lately several papers have attempted to meet these difficulties by some condition of consistency or rationality on the conjectural variation This paper shows that stronger versions of such conditions lead into paradoxes, while the weaker forms are of little use in solving the conceived problems The original Cournot assumption actually satisfies consistency enterions The problems with consistent conjectures illuminates fundmental problems with too demanding information assumptions like perfect foresight Such assumptions may create non-trivial structures of self-reference.
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| 3. |
- Puu, Tönu, 1936-
(författare)
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The chaotic duopolists revisited
- 1998
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. - 0167-2681 .- 1879-1751. ; 33:3-4, s. 385-394
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The adjustment process of three oligopolists is studied, under Cournot and Stackelberg action. It is demonstrated that with an iso-elastic demand function and constant marginal costs, the system can result in periodic or in chaotic behaviour. In particular, the case with two identical and one different oligopolists is focused, which turns into a virtual duopoly, though displaying a wider set of bifurcations than can occur in genuine duopoly.
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| 4. |
- Adermon, Adrian, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Piracy and Music Sales : The Effects of An Anti-Piracy Law
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. - : Elsevier. - 0167-2681 .- 1879-1751. ; 105, s. 90-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The implementation of a copyright protection reform in Sweden in April 2009 suddenly increased the risk of being caught and punished for illegal file sharing. This paper investigates the impact of the reform on illegal file sharing and music sales using a difference-in-differences approach with Norway and Finland as control groups. We find that the reform decreased Internet traffic by 16% and increased music sales by 36% during the first six months. Pirated music therefore seems to be a strong substitute to legal music. However, the reform effects disappeared almost completely after six months, likely because of the weak enforcement of the law.
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| 5. |
- Ahlin, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Loan contract structure and adverse selection : Survey evidence from Uganda
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-2681 .- 1879-1751. ; 172, s. 180-195
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While adverse selection is an important theoretical explanation for credit rationing it is difficult to quantify empirically. Many studies measure the elasticity of credit demand of existing or previous borrowers as opposed to the population at large; other studies use cross-sectional approaches that may confound borrower risk with other factors. We circumvent both issues by surveying a representative sample of microenterprises in urban Uganda and by measuring their responses to multiple hypothetical contract offers, varying in interest rates and collateral requirements. The two seminal theories on selection provide contradicting predictions following a change in the contractual terms. Under adverse selection, a lower interest rate or a lower collateral obligation should increase take up among less risky borrowers. By contrast, advantageous selection implies that take up should increase among the riskier borrowers. We test these two predictions by examining if firm owners respond to changes in the interest rate or the collateral requirement and whether higher take up varies by firms' risk type. We find support for the presence of adverse selection as contracts with lower interest rates or lower collateral obligations increase hypothetical demand - especially for less risky firms. Our results imply that changes to the standard loan product available to microenterprises may have substantial effects on credit demand.
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| 6. |
- Akay, Alpaslan, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Offshoring and well-being of workers
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-2681 .- 1879-1751. ; 200, s. 388-407
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using long panels of industry-specific offshoring information and subjectively reported well-being datasets mainly from Germany, which is also supported by datasets from the UK and Australia, this paper aims to investigate the relationship between offshoring and workers' subjective well-being in the source country. We employ panel data fixed-effects models with time-variant personality measures and industry-specific measures to alleviate the bias stemming from the non-random sorting of individuals in industries. Our findings suggest that offshoring negatively relates to workers' subjective well-being. The result is unexceptionally consistent across Germany, the UK, and Australia, and the effect is larger in business services and among high-skilled workers. We extensively discuss how contextual "fear-factors" prevailing in the source countries interact with the angst generated by the negative framing of offshoring. To single out such angst, we first show that objective and subjective job security concerns, job characteristics, and labor market conditions only marginally relate to the well-being effect of offshoring. Then, we investigate how the effect of offshoring on well-being is amplified by a larger set of contextual factors pertaining to temporary economic shocks, negative narratives about offshoring during electoral cycles, partisan political preferences, and high immigration rates. Finally, we show that a recent skill upgrade significantly diminishes the negative effect of offshoring on well-being.(c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ )
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| 7. |
- Aldén, Lina, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Culture and the gender gap in choice of major : An analysis using sibling comparisons
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. - : Elsevier. - 0167-2681 .- 1879-1751. ; 201, s. 346-373
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study if there is an association between culture on gender roles and the gender gap in choice of major. For this purpose, we use the epidemiological approach and sibling comparisons. We find that the gender gap in STEM is smaller for individuals who originate in countries where women are more likely, relative to men, to major in STEM. We observe a similar pattern when we study the probability to major in a male- or female-dominated field. We present suggestive evidence that cultural beliefs explain our results. Thus, to limit gender segregation in education this study points to the importance of changing gendered beliefs about educational choices. However, the results indicate that the gender convergence in STEM and male-dominated fields is driven by the fact that men, not women, choose less gender-typical majors. This suggests that to increase women’s participation in STEM and male-dominated fields, policies in other areas, e.g., directed towards changing workplace characteristics, may also be necessary.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Credible communication and cooperation: Experimental evidence from multi-stage Games
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-2681 .- 1879-1751. ; 81:1, s. 207-219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is well known that communication often serves as a facilitator for cooperation in static games. Yet, communication can serve entirely different purposes in dynamic settings as communication during the game may work as a means for renegotiation, potentially undermining the credibility of cooperative strategies. To explore this issue, this paper experimentally investigates cooperation and non-binding communication in a two-stage game. More specifically, two treatments are considered: one with only pre-play communication and one where subjects can also communicate intra-play between the stages of the game. The results highlight a nontrivial difference concerning the effects of pre-play communication between the two treatments. Sending or receiving pre-play messages has a positive and significant effect on cooperation if there is no possibility of intra-play communication. However, this effect is significantly reduced when when intra-play communication is allowed. The results suggest that the credibility of pre-play messages may depend crucially on future communication opportunities.
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| 9. |
- Angelova, Vera, et al.
(författare)
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Competition and fatigue
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. - : Elsevier. - 0167-2681 .- 1879-1751. ; 198, s. 236-249
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study how subjects deal with fatigue in a sequence of tournaments that are linked through fatigue spillovers. We develop a model that allows us to predict the consequences of varying the severity of competition as well as the ease of recovery over time. Even in the presence of fatigue, effort should positively respond to an increase in incentives in a single tournament. A less obvious consequence is the need for strategic resting before and after that tournament. We test our theory using a chosen-effort experiment. While an increase in incentives in the second of three tournaments does lead to higher effort in that tournament, we observe only a tendency for the predicted strategic resting before and after. The increase in incentives does not yield the predicted higher total effort. When recovery is made harder, effort responds negatively as predicted. We complement our study with a real-effort task. Subjects seem to have difficulties simultaneously dealing with physical fatigue as well as the cognitive problem of allocating effort over time.
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| 10. |
- Aronsson, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Positional preferences in time and space: Optimal income taxation with dynamic social comparisons
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-2681 .- 1879-1751. ; 101, s. 1-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper concerns optimal redistributive non-linear income taxation in an OLG model, where people care about their own consumption relative to (i) other people's current consumption, (ii) own past consumption, and (iii) other people's past consumption. We show that both (i) and (iii) affect the marginal income tax structure whereas (ii) does not. We also derive conditions under which atemporal and intertemporal consumption comparisons give rise to exactly the same tax policy responses. On the basis of the available empirical estimates, comparisons with other people's current and past consumption tend to substantially increase the optimal marginal labor income tax rates. Yet, such comparisons may either increase or decrease the optimal marginal capital income tax rates. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. EL AB, 1990, AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW102 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN ECONOMIC
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