| 1. |
- D'Hertefeldt, Tina, et al.
(författare)
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Escaped oilseed rape : Occurrence in the agricultural landscape and potential pollen-mediated gene flow from crop oilseed rape
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Pollination Ecology. - Cambridge, ON : International Commission for Plant Pollinator Relations. - 1920-7603. ; 28, s. 127-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To assess the role of feral oilseed rape (OSR) plants as resources for pollinators and avenues for gene flow, we compared occurrence of feral populations in standardized agricultural landscapes, using a landscape ecological approach. The occurrence of feral and volunteer populations was investigated in relation to differences in road length and width, number of OSR fields, and landscape scale. The potential for pollen-mediated gene flow from crop to feral oilseed rape was investigated with fluorescent dye in a field experiment. Moreover, greenhouse estimates of pollen germination rate and pollen tube growth rate were performed to get an indication of siring success in crop and feral plants. Escaped OSR occurred in 14 out of the 16 investigated landscapes, and feral populations were more common alongside large roads than small roads in large-scale landscapes. The number of plants in a habitat ranged from 1-160 individuals, with 1-19 habitats per landscape. In the field experiment with fluorescent dye, no transfer of dye was detected during early flowering in May. At the end of the flowering period in June, transfer of dye was found in 71.4% of the feral plants, showing that significant transfer, most likely by pollinators, occurred from the field to the feral plants. There was no difference in pollen germination rate between crop and feral plants. Pollen tube growth rate was significantly higher in feral oilseed rape than in the crop (P < 0.001). Our results contribute to increased understanding of i) the utilization of feral populations by pollinators in an intensively farmed agricultural landscape, and ii) crop-feral gene flow within OSR.
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| 2. |
- Opedal, Øystein H.
(författare)
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A FUNCTIONAL VIEW REVEALS SUBSTANTIAL PREDICTABILITY OF POLLINATOR-MEDIATED SELECTION
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Pollination Ecology. - : International Commission for Plant Pollinator Relations. - 1920-7603. ; 29, s. 273-288
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- A predictive understanding of adaptation to changing environments hinges on a mechanistic understanding of the extent and causes of variation in natural selection. Estimating variation in selection is difficult due to the complex relationships between phenotypic traits and fitness, and the uncertainty associated with individual selection estimates. Plant-pollinator interactions provide ideal systems for understanding variation in selection and its predictability, because both the selective agents (pollinators) and the process linking phenotypes to fitness (pollination) are generally known. Through examples from the pollination literature, I discuss how explicit consideration of the functional mechanisms underlying trait-performance relationships can clarify the relationship between traits and fitness, and how variation in the ecological context that generates selection can help disentangle biologically important variation in selection from sampling variation. I then evaluate the predictability of variation in pollinator-mediated selection through a survey, reanalysis, and synthesis of results from the literature. The synthesis demonstrates that pollinator-mediated selection often varies substantially among trait functional groups, as well as in time and space. Covariance between patterns of selection and ecological variables provides additional support for the biological importance of observed selection, but the detection of such covariance depends on careful choice of relevant predictor variables as well as consideration of quantitative measurements and their meaning, an aspect often neglected in selection studies.
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| 3. |
- Yourstone, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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High dependency of chilli fruit set on wild pollinators in southern India
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Pollination Ecology. - : International Commission for Plant Pollinator Relations. - 1920-7603. ; 28:6, s. 65-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ongoing pollinator declines threaten the production of many entomophilous crops. Recent reports that yields of animal-pollinated crops in India are increasing less than pollinator-independent ones suggest the occurrence of pollen limitation. We experimentally evaluated if production of the common food crop chilli benefits from insect pollination and if crop production is constrained by lack of pollinators under field conditions. Experiments were conducted in eleven chilli fields distributed across a semi-arid agricultural landscape in Andhra Pradesh, India. The experimental treatments included open controls, open pollen-supplemented flowers, and bagged flowers for pollinator exclusion. The fruit set from the two open treatments (control and pollen supplementation) was about three times higher than that from the exclusion treatment, suggesting strong dependence on insect pollination. Control supplementation treatments did not differ, which suggests that there normally is sufficient pollination for chilli production in the area. Bees contributed 98% of flower visits. Flower visitor abundance correlated with higher fruit set, but only significantly so in the pollen supplemented treatment. While previous studies that are mostly conducted in greenhouse settings suggest that chilli reproduction does not depend much on animal pollination, our field study confirms that presence of animal pollinators increases fruit set. Future research should establish if this also applies to fruit quality and total yield. Our study highlights the importance of field-realistic experiments and warrants research on pollinator dependencies of other crops. The results have implications for crop production in an area where pollinator levels may be sufficiently high for crop pollination today but possibly not in the future due to environmental change.
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| 4. |
- Rodriguez-Gasol, Neus
(författare)
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Protecting Farmland Pollinators: Whole Farm Scorecard - Experiences and Recommendations
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Pollination Ecology. - 1920-7603. ; 34, s. 312-328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Protecting Farmland Pollinators is about identifying small actions that farmers can take that will allow biodiversity to coexist within a productive farming system. Farmers in Ireland recognise the importance of pollinators, but farmland has experienced wide-scale loss of wild pollinators over the last fifty years. By working closely with 40 farmers, management practices that benefit bees and hoverflies on Irish farmland were identified, and a whole farm pollinator scoring system was developed. Using a whole farm pollinator scorecard, farmers receive 'pollinator points' each year based on the amount and quality of pollinator friendly habitat maintained and/or created and, each year, farmers receive a results-based payment that relates to the points. Irish farms have great potential to improve both the quantity and quality of biodiversity friendly habitats without negatively impacting on farm productivity. Thirty-one farmers increased their score between year one and year three of the results-based payment and four farms more than tripled their score. The median whole farm pollinator score for the 40 farms increased from 25,696 in year one to 33,572 in year two (31% increase), to, 40,211 pollinator points in year three (56% increase). Each farm type (beef, dairy, mixed and arable) increased their median score over the three years and dairy and arable farms showed the largest increase. This project has helped farmers better understand and engage with nature on their land and has created a measurable system for improving habitats for biodiversity on farms that is accessible to all and has the potential to be rolled out on a wider scale.
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| 5. |
- Herbertsson, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing the risk of stigma clogging in strawberry flowers due to pollinator sharing with oilseed rape
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Pollination Ecology. - 1920-7603. ; 21:2, s. 71-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Strawberry and oilseed rape are economically important and co-flowering insect-pollinated crops that may affect each other via shared pollinators. One potential negative effect of pollinator sharing is stigma clogging, i.e. that pollen from one plant species covers the stigma and prevents pollination in the other. We tested if application of oilseed rape pollen on strawberry receptacles reduces pollination with subsequent effects on strawberry weight, number of malformations and ripening time. We simulated real pollination situations by using dead bees mounted on toothpicks to mimic flower-visitation of foraging bees. Six strawberry flowers, usually on different plant individuals, were hand-pollinated sequentially per simulated foraging bout. In half of these foraging bouts, we started with an oilseed rape flower, and in those foraging bouts the proportion oilseed rape pollen was expected to decline with increasing number of visited strawberry flowers. Oilseed rape pollen had no effect on any of the tested variables. Increasing number of previously visited strawberry flowers in the simulated foraging bout enhanced the number of developed achenes, but this was marginally non-significant when accounting for the total number of achenes. Strawberry weight increased and ripening time decreased with increasing number of pollinated achenes, whereas none of the tested factors had any effect on the number of malformations. Our results have implications for strawberry farmers, because shortened ripening time could reduce the risk of yield loss from pests, diseases and unfavourable weather conditions. In addition, we show that oilseed rape pollen is unlikely to disturb pollination success of strawberry flowers.
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| 6. |
- Knapp, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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Cucurbits as a model system for crop pollination management
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Pollination Ecology. - 1920-7603. ; 25:9, s. 89-102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cucurbit crops have steadily increased in production over the last 50 years, particularly in Asia where pioneering technological advancements and genetic improvements have created new hybrid varieties. Generally, cucurbits are dependent on insect-pollination for fruit set and are popular species for pollination studies. This review systematically summarises pollination research conducted in the major food genera of cucurbits: Cucurbita, Cucumis, and Citrullus, to ask: 1) what are cucurbits’ requirement for pollination and their most effective pollinators? And 2) Does pollinator management increase pollinator visitation to, and yield of, cucurbit crops? These accounts of cucurbit pollination demonstrate that wild bee species such as Bombus terrestris, B. impatiens and Eucera spp. were frequently able to fulfil the pollination requirements of multiple cucurbit species. However, pollinator behaviour, pollen deposition on stigmas, and pollinators’ contribution to yield vary between cucurbit species and study site. Nonetheless, the provision of additional floral resources at both field and farm scales may help to encourage pollination of cucurbit species whilst supporting pollinators’ nutritional requirements beyond those already provided by the cucurbit crop. Synthesising studies on cucurbits’ requirement for pollination and how pollinators vary spatially and temporally in the landscape can extend beyond cucurbit systems to inform growers and pollination ecologists of other pollinator- dependent crop species wishing to maximise pollination services, species conservation; or both.
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