| 1. |
- Andersson, Eva A., et al.
(författare)
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Physical activity for persons with obesity—a health project reported
- 2008
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Ingår i: Forum on Public Policy Online. - : Oxford Round Table. - 1938-9809. ; 4:Spring
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In public health contexts, increased physical activity habits and fitness (aerobic and strength capacities) are positively related for promoting health and preventing and treating common diseases/problems, including obesity and overweight. A strongly graded inverse association between physical activity and obesity has been shown both for adults and children. However, a lower mortality risk has been shown for those with greater weight but good aerobic capacity than for those of recommended weight but less fit. On the basis of a health project with physical activity for persons with or without obesity, the paper discusses evidence-based methods for promoting physical activity. General guidelines for the amount of physical activity for persons are described, as are the numerous physiological and medical advantages of physical activity. The economic benefits are also illustrated. The paper exemplifies methods of measuring physical activity habits and physical fitness. These two factors must be observed when showing improvements in public-health contexts, including groups with obesity.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Holmqvist, Mona, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Pre-school children discerning numbers and letters
- 2009
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Ingår i: Forum on Public Policy. - 1556-763X .- 1938-9809. ; :Spring
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on learning has shown the importance of the learner‟s possibilities to discern what differs as well as what is similar when meeting new phenomena. But how does this kind of understanding develop when young children try to understand their environment in natural settings? The results of Tolchinsky‟s research (2003) about young children‟s understanding of numbers and letters before being taught are considered in this study. Tolchinsky‟s results showed that children can separate cards that can be read from those which can not be read. Even more, the results showed that children did not separate cards with numbers in the same way. In this study the point of departure is variation theory, and Tolchinsky‟s results are seen through the perspective of what children do discern, what they discern simultaneously and what kind of variation they seem to need to discern. The aim of this study is to describe in what ways pre-school children seem to discern letters and numbers, what kind of similarities they discern among these phenomena and what kind of variations of the targeted phenomena they are aware of. Three children, aged 4, 5 and 6, have been interviewed when sorting cards with letters/words and numbers. The cards offered have been prepared to include some similarities and some differences, which enable the child to sort in many different ways. As Tolchinsky has found, the children rejected the card that only included letters that could not form a word; they could differentiate cards with numbers from those with letters/words, and no cards including numbers were rejected. In this study we also found how children used chain-complex when talking about the relations between the cards in terms of similarities and differences. Symbols such as the decimal point and minus sign were not commented on at all by the children and had no influence on their sorting.
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| 4. |
- Mahdi, Hauwa, 1955
(författare)
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Strategic Silences: Theorising Nineteenth Century Slavery and Sexual Desire in the Central Sudan
- 2015
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Ingår i: Forum on Public Policy Online. - 1938-9809 .- 1938-9809. ; 2015:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper engages the ideology of sexual difference in slavery in the construction of gender inequality in the Central Sudan. Historical studies of Islamic states acknowledge the principles of slavery and concubinage as intrinsic parts of the states. Nineteenth century political leaders and contemporary academics seldom acknowledge sexual desire in religious interpretations and state ideologies. When academics theorise slavery, their perspectives focus on slaves as material producers. This approach silences the biosocial interfaces of slavery and gender in reproducing those societies. This article takes its point of departure in the rules of sexual behaviour and the monetary differential values of male/female slaves in Muslim societies. Why were female slaves valued higher? How significant was sexual desire in the reproduction of 19th century African Muslim societies? I argue that, the higher value of female slaves and the higher value of beauty amongst them signify that sex and desire were decisive factors in gendered hierarchy. The relative silence about sex is itself part of asserting the patriarchal heteronormative structure of the societies. The analysis draws from the writings of state actors in the Central Sudan, European travellers, as well as academic works on slavery in Africa. The paper argues that the demographic imbalance of the sexes produced by the export of Africans converged with Islamic state ideology that served patriarchy to privilege male sexual desire. The conclusions are, that: sexual desire is a significant factor in state ideologies in Islamic states; the silences surrounding sexual desire reflect the Muslim elite’s strategic interpretative authority in redistributing privilege; and that hetro-male privilege strategically silences discourse about sexuality in the 19th century and reverberate in social inequalities of the present.
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| 5. |
- Nilsson, Ingrid
(författare)
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Alignment in teacher education and distribution of leadership : An example concerning learning study
- 2008
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Ingår i: Forum on Public Policy. - Urbana : Forum on Public Policy. - 1938-9809. ; Summer of 2008 edition
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- The critical aspects distribution of professional leadership, alignment in learning and research close to practices, were lifted forward in order to exemplify a research project with learning study as an approach for alignment between teacher education and practice, and as consequence an instrument for distribution of power. The results showed that alignment of learning in a way seems to be unproblematic according to teaching and learning subject knowledge and professional and research knowledge developed. Nevertheless, problems are occurring in communication between the organizations regarding epistemological and ontological questions and the teaching and learning of subject knowledge seems to be affected. This leads to the conclusion that it is possible with improved reaching of intended learning outcomes, both for teachers and pupils, with strengthened communication.
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