| 1. |
- Bachert, C, et al.
(författare)
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ICON: chronic rhinosinusitis
- 2014
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Ingår i: The World Allergy Organization journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1939-4551. ; 7:1, s. 25-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Backman, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence trends in respiratory symptoms and asthma in relation to smoking : two cross-sectional studies ten years apart among adults in northern Sweden
- 2014
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Ingår i: World Allergy Organization Journal. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1939-4551. ; 7:1, s. 1-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Smoking is considered to be the single most important preventable risk factor for respiratory symptoms. Estimating prevalence of respiratory symptoms is important since they most often precede a diagnosis of an obstructive airway disease, which places a major burden on the society. The aim of this study was to estimate prevalence trends of respiratory symptoms and asthma among Swedish adults, in relation to smoking habits. A further aim was to estimate the proportion of respiratory symptom and asthma prevalence attributable to smoking.METHODS: Data from two large-scale cross-sectional surveys among adults performed in northern Sweden in 1996 and 2006 were analysed. Identical methods and the same questionnaire were used in both surveys. The association between smoking, respiratory symptoms and asthma was analysed with multiple logistic regression analyses. Changes in prevalence of respiratory symptoms and asthma from 1996 to 2006 were expressed as odds ratios. Additionally, the population attributable risks of smoking were estimated.RESULTS: The prevalence of most respiratory symptoms decreased significantly from 1996 to 2006. Longstanding cough decreased from 12.4 to 10.1%, sputum production from 19.0 to 15.0%, chronic productive cough from 7.3 to 6.2%, and recurrent wheeze from 13.4 to 12.0%. Any wheeze and asthmatic wheeze remained unchanged. This parallels to a decrease in smoking from 27.4 to 19.1%. In contrast, physician-diagnosed asthma increased from 9.4 to 11.6%. The patterns were similar after correction for confounders. All respiratory symptoms were highly associated with smoking, and the proportion of respiratory symptoms in the population attributed to smoking (PAR) ranged from 9.8 to 25.5%. In 2006, PAR of smoking was highest for recurrent wheeze (20.6%).CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, we found that respiratory symptoms, in particular symptoms common in bronchitis, decreased among adults in northern Sweden, parallel to a decrease in smoking from 1996 to 2006. In contrast, the prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma increased during the same time-period. Up to one fourth of the respiratory symptom prevalence in the population was attributable to smoking.
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| 4. |
- Yamamoto-Hanada, Kiwako, et al.
(författare)
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IgE responses to multiple allergen components among school-aged children in a general population birth cohort in Tokyo
- 2020
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Ingår i: World Allergy Organization Journal. - : Elsevier. - 1939-4551. ; 13:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Response patterns to allergen components among Japanese children have not been studied extensively. Objective: Our aim was to examine the differences in sensitization patterns at ages 5 years and 9 years to identify longitudinal changes in the degree and patterns of sensitization in a birth cohort of Japanese children. Methods: Our study enrolled 984 children at aged 5 years between 2008 and 2010, and 729 children aged 9 years between 2012 and 2014. Allergic diseases were assessed using the ISAAC and UK Working Party's Diagnostic Criteria. Serum-specific IgE titers to allergen components were measured by multiplex array ImmunoCAP ISAC when the children were aged 5 and 9 years. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to characterize IgE sensitization to allergen components. Results: The prevalence of allergic rhinitis increased considerably over time (10.6%-31.2%). Furthermore, the sensitization prevalence to allergen-specific IgE (sIgE) also increased from 57.8% at age 5 years to 74.8% at age 9 years. IgE sensitization prevalence to Der f 1 (mites) was 42.1% at age 5 years and 54.3% at age 9 years. Furthermore, children were highly sensitized to Cry j 1 (Japanese cedar) (32.8% at age 5 years and 57.8% at age 9 years). Principle component analysis showed that sensitization to PR-10 cross-reactive components was independent of sensitization to mite and that no children acquired sensitization to pollen before acquiring sensitization to mite. Conclusions: The prevalence of allergic rhinitis and related allergen components increased from age 5 years to age 9 years in Japanese children.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Disease burden and unmet need for acute allergic reactions - A patient perspective
- 2024
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Ingår i: World Allergy Organization Journal. - : Elsevier. - 1939-4551. ; 17:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Acute allergic reactions (AARs) occur shortly after exposure to an allergen, and the severity is on a continuum. Systemic corticosteroids (CS) are mainstay treatment of moderate to severe AARs, whereas those at risk of the most severe AARs (ie, anaphylaxis) are also recommended prescription of epinephrine autoinjectors. There is limited research on the impact of AARs not fulfilling the criteria for anaphylaxis. We have characterized a sample with a history of moderate to severe AARs and evaluated their self-reported disease burden (ie, daily life impact, anxiety, and treatment impediments).Methods: Survey study of adults with experience of AARs treated with CS. Participants recruited from a web-based panel and using social media were asked to complete a questionnaire related to their allergy and experience of AARs. The results were summarized for the whole sample and across subgroups with and without prescription of epinephrine.Results: The final study sample included 387 participants (80% women, mean age 41), of which 129 (33%) had at some point been prescribed epinephrine. The most common symptoms were respiratory (80%) and skin (78%) manifestations, and the mean (standard deviation, SD) self-rated severity score (scale from 0 [very mild] to 10 [very severe]) of the most recent AAR was 6.1 (2.0). More than 80% had experience of AARs interrupting daily activities and 50% of AARs that had limited work/studies or participation in leisure activities. Most of the respondents reported some degree of anxiety related to AARs and 43% had feared for their lives. Moreover, difficulties swallowing allergy medicine at an AAR was experienced by 26% and not having the medicine available when needed by 66%. Participants with prescription of epinephrine experienced more severe AARs than those without such prescription (mean [SD] severity 6.8 [2.1] vs 5.8 [1.8], p < 0.0001); however, also those without epinephrine prescription reported considerable anxiety and impact on daily life and to a similar degree as those with prescription.Conclusions: In this sample, subjects with experience of AARs treated with CS showed a considerable disease burden with anxiety and interruption on daily life, as well as problems related to access to, and swallowing of, medication. Although respondents with epinephrine prescription had more severe disease, a high disease burden was also evident among those without epinephrine. The study increases the knowledge of people with moderate to severe AARs, a patient population that has previously been underrepresented in the research literature.
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| 8. |
- Backman, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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FEV1 decline in relation to blood eosinophils and neutrophils in a population-based asthma cohort
- 2020
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Ingår i: World Allergy Organization Journal. - : Elsevier. - 1939-4551. ; 13:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The relationship between lung function decline and eosinophils and neutrophils has important therapeutic implications among asthmatics, but it has rarely been studied in large cohort studies.Objective: The aim is to study the relationship between blood eosinophils and neutrophils and FEV1 decline in a long-term follow-up of a population-based adult asthma cohort.Methods: In 2012-2014, an adult asthma cohort was invited to a follow-up including spirometry, blood sampling, and structured interviews, and n = 892 participated (55% women, mean age 59 y, 32-92 y). Blood eosinophils, neutrophils and FEV 1 decline were analyzed both as continuous variables and divided into categories with different cut-offs. Regression models adjusted for smoking, exposure to vapors, gas, dust, or fumes (VGDF), use of inhaled and oral corticosteroids, and other possible confounders were utilized to analyze the relationship between eosinophils and neutrophils at follow-up and FEV1 decline.Results: The mean follow-up time was 18 years, and the mean FEV 1 decline was 27 ml/year. The annual FEV1 decline was related to higher levels of both blood eosinophils and neutrophils at follow-up, but only the association with eosinophils remained when adjusted for confounders. Further, the association between FEV1 decline and eosinophils was stronger among those using ICS. With EOS <0.3 × 109/L as reference, a more rapid decline in FEV1 was independently related to EOS ≥0.4 × 109/L in adjusted analyses.Conclusions and clinical relevance: Besides emphasizing the importance of smoking cessation and reduction of other harmful exposures, our real-world results indicate that there is an independent relationship between blood eosinophils and FEV1 decline among adults with asthma.
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| 9. |
- Borres, Magnus P., 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Recent advances in diagnosing and managing nut allergies with focus on hazelnuts, walnuts, and cashew nuts
- 2022
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Ingår i: World Allergy Organization Journal. - : Elsevier. - 1939-4551. ; 15:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tree nuts are a powerful and common source of food allergens that induce IgE-mediated allergic reactions. Health authorities endorse the intake of tree nuts because they are regarded as nutritious. Allergic reactions to nuts can lead to severe and occasionally lethal reactions. Allergies to tree nuts are observed worldwide and are found in up to 4.9% of people in unspecific populations. Over the last 2 decades, the rates of allergic reactions and anaphylaxis have increased in different countries. Most proteins implicated in tree nut allergic reactions are members of the lipid transfer protein, 2S albumin, vicilin, legumin, and oleosin protein families. Bet v 1 homologs and profilins are involved in pollen-related tree nut allergies. Systematic literature reviews and meta-analyses on the diagnostic accuracy of specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) for commercially available nut components have recently been published. IgE testing of the storage proteins Cor a 14, Cor a 9, Jug r 1, and Ana o 3 increases diagnostic specificity in assessing hazelnut, walnut, and cashew allergies in children, respectively. The resolution of tree nut allergies has been reported; however, only a few studies are available in this regard. Complete avoidance of nuts is the safest approach for nutallergic subjects. However, this is difficult to achieve and can result in a severely restricted diet. Patients can eat nuts that they know are safe at home, but should avoid them when eating out because of the risk of cross-contamination. Nuts have become part of a modern healthy diet, and this enhanced consumption is reflected in an increased prevalence of nut allergies.
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